Abstract
As artificial intelligence and deep learning becomes more important, new approaches for photonic neural computing arise. We investigate the concept of deep diffractive neural networks. First proposed in 2018, deep diffractive neural network operate passively, using coherent images and diffractive optics to do image-to-image regression and object classification. In this article we shortly review current approaches, give a brief introduction into the mathematical description of such diffractive networks using the Angular Spectrum method and show the first results of our own developments of convolutional diffractive networks with an experimental accuracy of approximately 84 %. The objective of this article is to give an introduction into the field of optical computing with neural networks using diffraction and free-space propagation of light.
Zusammenfassung
Mit steigendem Interesse an künstlicher Intelligenz und Deep Learning, werden auch neue Ansätze im Bereich der optischen neuronalen Netzwerke untersucht. In diesem Artikel wollen wir einen Einblick in die Welt der diffraktiven neuronalen Netzwerke werfen. Der 2018 von Lin et al. vorgestellte Ansatz eines diffraktiven neuronalen Netzwerks arbeitet passiv und unter der Verwendung von kohärenten beleuchteten Bildern und der Beugung von Licht um Bild-zu-Bild-Regression oder Objektklassifizierung optisch zu realisieren. Wir beschreiben kurz den bisherigen Ansatz, geben einen Einblick in die mathematische Beschreibung dieser Netzwerke, mittels der Angular-Spectrum-Methode, und stellen die ersten theoretischen Ergebnisse unseres Ansatzes eines diffraktiven Falungsnetzwerkes vor. Unser diffraktives Faltungsnetzwerk erreicht eine Genauigkeit von ca. 84 % beim Erkennen handgeschriebener Zahlen. Mit diesem Artikel wollen wir eine Einführung in das Thema der diffraktiven neuralen Netzwerke geben.
About the authors
Mr. Christian Eder is a doctorate student at Aalen University in Germany. He works as a scientific staff member at the Center for Optical Technologies in the field of micro- and nano-structuring. Christian Eder achieved his Bachelor’s degree (B. Eng.) in 2018 at Aalen University for the investigation of manufacturing organic light-emitting diodes using inkjet printing. In 2020 he achieved his Master’s degree (M. Sc.) for research in the field of numerical diffraction simulation, also in at Center for Optical Technologies in Aalen. His current research is in the field of photonic neural computing with diffractive optical networks.
Dr. Andreas Heinrich is a full professor for optical technologies at Aalen University, Germany and head of the Center for Optical Technologies. Since 2013 he and his group focus not only on the development of new concepts for complex optical components, but also on the development of new additive manufacturing methods especially for the manufacturing of optical components. Dr. Andreas Heinrich got his Diploma in Physics at the Technical University of Munich, Germany in 1999 and in 2001 his PhD in the field of solid-state physics from the Technical University of Munich, as well. From 2001 until 2006 he did his habilitation at the University of Augsburg, Germany and at the Florida State University, USA. From 2007–2013 he headed a research group in the field of applied optics at Carl Zeiss, Germany.
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