Abstract
Among the surfactants, dimeric surfactants represent a niche group with multifunctional properties. In this work a modified gemini surfactant was synthesized using symmetrical fatty acids. Due to the spacers used to combine the two symmetrical monomers, the synthesized gemini surfactant is cationic. The structure of the compound was confirmed with 1H-NMR. The most advantageous property of the gemini surfactant is that it has a lower surface tension, i. e. less than 35 mNm–1 at 25°C, compared to monomeric surfactants. The surface tension was determined with a Kyowa tensiometer. The CMC (critical micelle formation concentration) was calculated according to the pyrene method and detected by UV spectroscopy at 25°C. The very low CMC is another market advantage of the gemini surfactant. Hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the synthesized compound were checked by the emulsification method. The ability of the synthesized gemini surfactant to wet and foam and the emulsification index at different pH values were tested. Based on the results, the gemini surfactant was used in formulations for hair and skin care. Conditioners and creams were prepared with the synthesized compound and the properties were analyzed at different concentrations of the gemini surfactant in the respective formulation.
Abstract
Unter den Tensiden stellen dimere Tenside eine Nischengruppe mit multifunktionellen Eigenschaften dar. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein modifiziertes Geminitensid unter Verwendung symmetrischer Fettsäuren synthetisiert. Aufgrund der Spacer, die für die Verbindung der zwei symmetrischen Monomeren verwendet wurden, ist das synthetisierte Geminitensid kationisch. Die Struktur der Verbindung wurde mit 1H-NMR bestätigt. Die vorteilhafteste Eigenschaft des Geminitensids ist, dass es im Vergleich zu monomeren Tensiden eine niedrigere Oberflächenspannung, d. h. kleiner als 35 mNm–1 bei 25°C, aufweist. Die Oberflächenspannung wurde mit einem Kyowa-Tensiometer bestimmt. Die CMC (kritische mizellare Mizellenbildungskonzentration) wurde nach der Pyren-Methode berechnet und UV-spektroskopisch bei 25°C nachgewiesen. Die sehr geringe CMC ist ein weiterer Marktvorteil des Geminitensids. Hydrophobie und Hydrophile der synthetisierten Verbindung wurden mit der Emulgierungsmethode überprüft. Die Fähigkeit des synthetisierten Geminitensids zur Benetzung und zur Schaumbildung sowie der Emulgierungs-index bei verschiedenen pH-Werten wurden getestet. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse wurde das Geminitensid in Formulierungen für die Haar- und Hautpflege eingesetzt. Conditioner und Cremes wurden mit der synthetisierten Verbindung wurden hergestellt, und die Eigenschaften wurden bei verschiedenen Konzentrationen des Geminitensids in der jeweiligen Formulierung analysiert.
About the authors
Ms. Kirti Datir, completed M. Tech. (Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology) from Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (East), Mumbai – 400 019, Maharashtra, India. At present perusing Ph.D. (Tech.) from Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (East), Mumbai – 400 019, Maharashtra, India., Research interest- Green surfactants, applications in pharma and biomedical
Ms. Harshada Shinde, perusing M.Sc. (Analytical Chemistry) from K. J. Somaiya College of Science and Commerce, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Research interest-Organic/enzymatic synthesis of surfactants, analytical method development etc.
Professor (Dr.) Amit P. Pratap, completed graduation and post graduation in Technology of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants and obtained Ph.D. (Tech.) from ICT. At present working as Professor and Head of the Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology at Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (East), Mumbai – 400 019, Maharashtra, India. Research interest-Organic/enzymatic synthesis of surfactants, Microbial biosurfactants, specialty products and applications, Biolubricants etc.
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