Abstract
The aim of this article is to reconstruct the legal creation of citizen subjects by applying the interpellation theory of Louis Althusser in constitutional citizenship regulations. In addition, this article uncovers the patterns of constitutionally defined rights and duties as implications of intra-constitutional subject construction, especially in relation to a political, a civil and a social dimension. For this purpose, 41 constitutions are analysed quantitatively-descriptively based on an international comparative qualitative document analysis. The study shows that constitutions, as the most fundamental legal documents at the national level, define different formal-legal qualities of citizen subjects and thus determine very specific relations between the state and its citizens. The legal citizenship regulations in national constitutions thus contribute to the stabilization of social (b)order-drawing processes to the extent that they create and secure both barriers and opportunities for individual and collective participation in society, addressing these primarily through a political and less through a civil or social legal dimension.
Zusammenfassung
Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die rechtliche Subjektherstellung von Staatsbürger:innen unter Anwendung der Anrufungstheorie von Louis Althusser in verfassungsrechtlichen Staatsbürgerschaftsregelungen zu rekonstruieren. Darüber hinaus widmet sich dieser Beitrag den Mustern verfassungsmäßig definierter Rechte und Pflichten als Konsequenz der intrakonstitutionellen Subjektkonstruktion, insbesondere entlang einer politischen, einer zivilen und einer sozialen Dimension. Zu diesem Zweck werden 41 Verfassungen – auf Grundlage einer international vergleichenden qualitativen Dokumentenanalyse – quantitativ-deskriptiv analysiert. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass Verfassungen als die grundlegendsten nationalen Rechtsdokumente formal-rechtlich unterschiedliche Subjektqualitäten und damit spezifische Beziehungskonstellationen zwischen dem Staat und seinen Bürger:innen definieren. Die rechtlichen Staatsbürgerschaftsregelungen in den nationalen Verfassungen tragen damit insofern zur Stabilisierung sozialer Grenzziehungsprozesse bei, als dass sie sowohl Barrieren als auch Zugangsmöglichkeiten für die individuelle und kollektive Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft schaffen und absichern, wobei sie diese in erster Linie mittels einer politischen und weniger durch eine zivile oder soziale Rechtsdimension adressieren.
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Appendix
Number of constitutions regulating the right/duty [x].
(Number of Constitutions: N=41)
|
Right/Duty [x] |
not mentioned |
restricted |
for citizens |
for everyone |
|
|
civil rights |
(n) |
(n) |
(n) |
(n) |
(N) |
|
legal counsel |
9 |
0 |
0 |
32 |
41 |
|
speedy trial |
19 |
0 |
1 |
21 |
41 |
|
fair trial |
22 |
0 |
0 |
19 |
41 |
|
public trial |
23 |
0 |
1 |
17 |
41 |
|
property |
3 |
2 |
5 |
31 |
41 |
|
assembly |
5 |
1 |
13 |
22 |
41 |
|
information/correspondence |
13 |
0 |
8 |
20 |
41 |
|
life |
14 |
0 |
0 |
27 |
41 |
|
personality |
36 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
41 |
|
economic activity |
27 |
0 |
1 |
13 |
41 |
|
freedom/inviolability/dignity |
24 |
0 |
2 |
15 |
41 |
|
movement |
8 |
1 |
14 |
18 |
41 |
|
privacy |
15 |
0 |
4 |
22 |
41 |
|
expression/opinion/speech |
3 |
0 |
8 |
30 |
41 |
|
academic freedom |
23 |
0 |
1 |
17 |
41 |
|
safety of personal data |
39 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
41 |
|
national/personal identity |
34 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
41 |
|
defending fatherland |
36 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
41 |
|
religious freedom |
1 |
0 |
5 |
35 |
41 |
|
opinion/thought/conscience |
11 |
0 |
4 |
26 |
41 |
|
happiness |
39 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
41 |
|
political rights |
|||||
|
vote |
3 |
5 |
33 |
0 |
41 |
|
eligibility |
4 |
23 |
14 |
0 |
41 |
|
petitions |
18 |
1 |
6 |
16 |
41 |
|
criticise the state; resistance |
38 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
41 |
|
demonstrate |
30 |
0 |
2 |
9 |
41 |
|
associate/unionise/trade unions |
4 |
1 |
11 |
25 |
41 |
|
political parties |
23 |
0 |
9 |
9 |
41 |
|
social rights |
|||||
|
work |
7 |
0 |
12 |
22 |
41 |
|
strike |
16 |
7 |
0 |
18 |
41 |
|
leisure |
23 |
0 |
1 |
17 |
41 |
|
health |
12 |
1 |
7 |
21 |
41 |
|
education |
10 |
0 |
7 |
24 |
41 |
|
culture |
23 |
1 |
2 |
15 |
41 |
|
social security |
31 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
41 |
|
equal pay |
31 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
41 |
|
protection of/healthy environment |
31 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
41 |
|
welfare (unemployment, disabled, elderly) |
29 |
0 |
4 |
8 |
41 |
|
duties |
|||||
|
defending fatherland |
14 |
7 |
17 |
3 |
41 |
|
taxation |
24 |
0 |
7 |
10 |
41 |
|
education |
24 |
0 |
3 |
14 |
41 |
|
observing constitution/law |
19 |
2 |
11 |
9 |
41 |
|
work |
29 |
0 |
5 |
7 |
41 |
|
rising children/family planning |
38 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
41 |
|
safeguard the nation |
35 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
41 |
|
vote |
40 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
41 |
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