Abstract
Occupational licensing aims to restrict access for providing products and services to only those who promise a minimal level of quality by imposing time and cost-intensive barriers. This can be reasonable to verify personal experience, but bear substantial costs, which need to be justified with proven quality improvements. A series of studies shows that occupational licensing reduces self-employment and overall employment, may lead through limiting geographical and social mobility to higher wages, inequality, and unfair market entry. A more efficient and inclusive guarantee of quality could be achieved with focused, permeable, and independently verifiable occupational licensing.
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