Synthesis, characterization and time dependent phase transformation of Li0.4WO3 bronze

Md. Shahidur Rahman; M. Mangir Murshed; Thorsten M. Gesing

doi:10.1515/zkri-2014-1777

Published by De Gruyter (O) October 14, 2014

Synthesis, characterization and time dependent phase transformation of Li_0.4WO₃ bronze

Md. Shahidur Rahman , M. Mangir Murshed and Thorsten M. Gesing

From the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials

https://doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2014-1777

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Abstract

Lithium tungsten bronzes with a nominal composition of Li_0.4WO₃ were synthesized by solid state reactions in silica tubes at 973 K and various low pressures. Samples were characterized using X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction, and neutron powder diffraction. The air pressure inside the sealed quartz tubes played roles for the formation of Li_0.4WO₃ phases with different symmetries. Whereas using a pressure of 10^–7 MPa a pure body centered cubic (Im3¯) tungsten bronze was formed, at higher pressures (>10^–7 MPa) a mixture of Im3¯ and primitive cubic (Pm3¯m) perovskite tungsten bronzes were observed with pressure dependent phase fractions. While keeping the synthesized samples under open atmospheric conditions the Im3¯ phase gradually transformed into a tetragonal perovskite (P4/nmm) tungsten bronze. The slow cubic into tetragonal phase transformation has been explained in terms of the mobility of lithium within two different crystallographic sites.

Keywords: lithium tungsten bronze; neutron diffraction; phase transformation; X-ray diffraction

Corresponding author: M. Mangir Murshed, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Chemische Kristallographie fester Stoffe, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße/NW2, 28359 Bremen, Germany, Phone: +49 421 218 63143, Fax: +49 421 218 63145, E-mail: murshed@uni-bremen.de

Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. R. X. Fischer (Crystallography, University Bremen) for his critical help on the group-subgroup relations. Thanks to BENSC at HZB for allocation of beam time and facilities. We gratefully acknowledge the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for the support in the Heisenberg program (GE1981/3-1 and GE1981/3-2). M. S. R. likes to thank the University Bremen for a PhD stipendium.

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Supplemental Material

The online version of this article (DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2014-1777) offers supplementary material, available to authorized users.

Received: 2014-6-4

Accepted: 2014-8-26

Published Online: 2014-10-14

Published in Print: 2014-12-1