Abstract
Central aims of IODP Expedition 352 were to delineate and characterize the magmatic stratigraphy in the Bonin forearc to define key magmatic processes associated with subduction initiation and their potential links to ophiolites. Expedition 352 penetrated 1.2 km of magmatic basement at four sites and recovered three principal lithologies: tholeiitic forearc basalt (FAB), high-Mg andesite, and boninite, with subordinate andesite. Boninites are subdivided into basaltic, low-Si, and high-Si varieties. The purpose of this study is to determine conditions of crystal growth and differentiation for Expedition 352 lavas and compare and contrast these conditions with those recorded in lavas from mid-ocean ridges, forearcs, and ophiolites. Cr# (cationic Cr/Cr+Al) vs. TiO2 relations in spinel and clinopyroxene demonstrate a trend of source depletion with time for the Expedition 352 forearc basalt to boninite sequence that is similar to sequences in the Oman and other suprasubduction zone ophiolites. Clinopyroxene thermobarometry results indicate that FAB crystallized at temperatures (1142–1190 °C) within the range of MORB (1133–1240 °C). When taking into consideration liquid lines of descent of boninite, orthopyroxene barometry and olivine thermometry of Expedition 352 boninites demonstrate that they crystallized at temperatures marginally lower than those of FAB, between ~1119 and ~1202 °C and at relatively lower pressure (~0.2–0.4 vs. 0.5–4.6 kbar for FAB). Elevated temperatures of boninite orthopyroxene (~1214 °C for low-Si boninite and 1231–1264 °C for high-Si boninite) may suggest latent heat produced by the rapid crystallization of orthopyroxene. The lower pressure of crystallization of the boninite may be explained by their lower density and hence higher ascent rate, and shorter distance of travel from place of magma formation to site of crystallization, which allowed the more buoyant and faster ascending boninites to rise to shallower levels before crystallizing, thus preserving their high temperatures.
Funding statement: S.A.W. acknowledges support from the Korea International Ocean Discovery Program (K-IODP) funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea. We also acknowledge support from NSF award OCE-1558689 (JWS) and OCE-1558688 (MKR). J.S. acknowledges support by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2016R1D1A3B03931481). T.C. acknowledges the Australia-New Zealand IODP consortium (ANZIC), which enabled participation on Exp. 352 and post-expedition funding via the support of government agencies and universities together with the ARC LIEF scheme (LE140100047). H.L. acknowledges support from the National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction (GASI-GEOGE-02).
Acknowledgments
This research used samples and data provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). We thank the crew and scientific staff onboard Expedition 352, particularly Katarina Petronotis, for their excellent work. S.A.W. thanks T. Ishikawa for sharing compositional data of Semail ophiolite boninite minerals. We thank numerous anonymous reviewers whose suggestions greatly improved the manuscript.
References cited
Acland, A.S. (1996) Magma genesis in the northern Lau Basin, SW Pacific. Ph.D. dissertation, Durham University.Search in Google Scholar
Alabaster, T., Pearce, J.A., and Malpas, J. (1982) The volcanic stratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Oman ophiolite complex. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 81, 168–183.10.1007/BF00371294Search in Google Scholar
Arai, S. (1992) Chemistry of chromian spinel in volcanic rocks as a potential guide to magma history. Mineralogical Magazine, 56, 173–184.10.1180/minmag.1992.056.383.04Search in Google Scholar
Arculus, R.J., Ishizuka, O., Bogus, K.A., Gurnis, M., Hickey-Vargas, R., Aljahdali, M.H., Bandini-Maeder, A.N., Barth, A.P., Brandl, P.A., Drab, L., and others. (2015) A record of spontaneous subduction initiation in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arca. Nature Geosciences, 8, 728–733.10.1038/ngeo2515Search in Google Scholar
Ballhaus, C., Berry, R.F., and Green, D.H. (1991) High pressure experimental calibration of the olivine-orthopyroxene-spinel oxygen geobarometer: implications for the oxidation state of the upper mantle. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107, 27, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0031118310.1007/BF00311183Search in Google Scholar
Beattie, P. (1993) Olivine-melt and orthopyroxene-melt equilibria. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 115, 103–111.10.1007/BF00712982Search in Google Scholar
Bloomer, S.H., and Hawkins, J.W. (1983) Gabbroic and ultramafic rocks from the Mariana Trench; an island arc ophiolite. In D.E. Hayes, Ed., The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands: Part 2, vol. 27, p. 294–317. Geophysical Monograph Series, AGU, Washington, D.C.10.1029/GM027p0294Search in Google Scholar
Bloomer, S.H., and Hawkins, J.W. (1987) Petrology and geochemistry of boninite series volcanic rocks from the Mariana trench. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 97, 361–377.10.1007/BF00371999Search in Google Scholar
Bloomer, S.H., Taylor, B., MacLeod, C.J., Stern, R.J., Fryer, P., Hawkins, J.W., and Johnson, L. (1995) Early arc volcanism and the ophiolite problem: a perspective from drilling in the western Pacifica. In B. Taylor and J. Natland, Eds., Active Margins and Marginal Basins of the Western Pacifica. Geophysical Monograph, 88, 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/GM088p000110.1029/GM088p0001Search in Google Scholar
Blundy, J., Cashman, K., and Humphreys, M. (2006) Magma heating by decompression-driven crystallization beneath andesite volcanoes. Nature, 443, 76–80. doi:10.1038/nature05100.10.1038/nature05100Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Brounce, M., Kelley, K.A., Cottrell, E., and Reagan, M.J. (2015) Temporal evolution of mantle wedge oxygen fugacity during subduction initiation. Geology, 43, 775–778.10.1130/G36742.1Search in Google Scholar
Cameron, W.E. (1985) Petrology and origin of primitive lavas from the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 89, 239–255.10.1007/BF00379457Search in Google Scholar
Cluzel, D., Aitchison, J.C., and Picard, C. (2001) Tectonic accretion and underplating of mafic terranes in the Late Eocene intraoceanic fore-arc of New Caledonia (South-west Pacific): Geodynamic implications. Tectonophysics, 340, 23–59.10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00148-2Search in Google Scholar
Coleman, R.G. (1981) Tectonic setting for ophiolite obduction in Oman. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86, 2497–2508.10.1029/JB086iB04p02497Search in Google Scholar
Crawford, A.J., Falloon, T.J., and Green, D.H. (1989) Classification, petrogenesis and tectonic setting of boninites. In A.J. Crawford, Ed., Boninites and Related Rocks, pp. 1–49. Unwin Hyman, London,Search in Google Scholar
Danyushevsky, L.V., and Sobolev, A.V. (1996) Ferric-ferrous ratio and oxygen fugacity calculations for primitive mantle-derived melts: Calibration of an empirical technique. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57, 229–241.10.1007/BF01162360Search in Google Scholar
Dare, S.A.S., Pearce, J.A., McDonald, I., and Styles, M.T. (2009) Tectonic discrimination of peridotites using fO2–Cr# and Ga–Ti–FeIII systematics in chrome–spinel. Chemical Geology, 261, 199–216.10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.002Search in Google Scholar
DeBari, S.M., Taylor, B., Spencer, K., and Fujioka, K. (1999) A trapped Philippine Sea Plate origin for MORB from the inner slope of the Izu-Bonin Trench. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 174, 183–197.10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00252-6Search in Google Scholar
Devine, J.D., Rutherford, M.J., Norton, G.E., and Young, S.R. (2003) Magma storage region processes inferred from geochemistry of Fe-Ti oxides in andesitic magma, Soufriere Hills Volcano, Monserrat, WI. Journal of Petrology, 44, 1375–1400.10.1093/petrology/44.8.1375Search in Google Scholar
Dilek, Y., Furnes, H., and Shallo, M. (2007) Suprasubduction zone ophiolite formation along the periphery of Mesozoic Gondwana. Gondwana Research, 11, 453–475.10.1016/j.gr.2007.01.005Search in Google Scholar
Dilek, Y., Furnes, H., and Shallo, M. (2008) Geochemistry of the Jurassic Mirdita Ophiolite (Albania) and the MORB to SSZ evolution of a marginal basin oceanic crust. Lithos, 100, 174–209.10.1016/j.lithos.2007.06.026Search in Google Scholar
Dobson, P.F., and O’Neil, J.R. (1987) Stable isotope compositions and water contents of boninite series volcanic rocks from Chichijima. Bonin Islands, Japan. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 82, 75–86.10.1016/0012-821X(87)90108-7Search in Google Scholar
Dobson, P.F., Skogby, H., and Rossman, G.R. (1995) Water in boninite glass and coexisting orthopyroxene: concentration and partitioning. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 118, 414–419.10.1007/s004100050023Search in Google Scholar
Dobson, P.F., Blank, J.G., Maruyama, S., and Liou (2006) Petrology and geochemistry of boninite-series rocks, Chichijima, Bonin Islands, Japan. International Geology Review, 48(8), 669–701. doi: 10.2747/0020-6814.48.8.669.10.2747/0020-6814.48.8.669Search in Google Scholar
Droop, G.T.T. (1987) A general equation for estimating Fe3+ concentrations in ferromagnesian silicates and oxides from microprobe analyses, using stoichiometric criteria. Mineralogical Magazine, 51, 431–435.10.1180/minmag.1987.051.361.10Search in Google Scholar
Evans, C.A., Casteneda, G., and Franco, F. (1991) Geochemical complexities preserved in the volcanic rocks of the Zambales ophiolite, Philippines. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 16,251–16,262. doi: 10.1029/91JB01488.10.1029/91JB01488Search in Google Scholar
Gavrilenko, M., Herzberg, C., Vidito, C., Carr, M.J., Tenner, T., and Ozerov, A. (2018) A calcium-in-olivine geohygrometer and its application to subduction zone magmatism. Journal of Petrology, 57, 1811–1832. doi: 10.1093/petrology/egw062.10.1093/petrology/egw062Search in Google Scholar
Green, D.H. (1973) Experimental melting studies on a model upper mantle composition under water-saturated and water-undersaturated conditions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 19, 37–53.10.1016/0012-821X(73)90176-3Search in Google Scholar
Green, D.H. (1976) Experimental testing of “equilibrium” partial melting of peridotite under water-saturated, high-pressure conditions. Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 255–268.Search in Google Scholar
Hall, C.E., Gurnis, M., Sdrolias, M., Lavier, L.L., and Müller, D.R. (2003) Catastrophic initiation of subduction following forced convergence across fracture zones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 212(1-2), 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00242-510.1016/S0012-821X(03)00242-5Search in Google Scholar
Hickey-Vargas, R., Yogodzinski, G. M., Ishizuka, O., McCarthy, A., Bizimis, M., Kusano, Y., Savov, I.P., and Arculus, R. (2018) Origin of depleted basalts during subduction initiation and early development of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Island arc: Evidence from IODP Expedition 351 Site U1438, Amami-Sankaku Basin. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 229, 85–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.03.00710.1016/j.gca.2018.03.007Search in Google Scholar
Hoover, J.D., and Irvine, T.N. (1977) Liquidus relationships and Mg-Fe partioning on part of the system MgSi2O4-Fe2SiO4-CaMgSi2O6-CaFeSi2O6-KaAlSi3O8-SiO2 Carnegie Institute of Washington Yearbook, 77, 774–784.Search in Google Scholar
Ishikawa, T., Nagaishi, K., and Umino, S. (2002) Boninitic volcanism in the Oman ophiolite: Implications for the thermal condition during transition from spreading ridge to arc. Geology, 30, 899–902.10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0899:BVITOO>2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar
Ishizuka, O., Kimura, J.-I., Li, Y.B., Stern, R.J., Reagan, M.K., Taylor, R.N., Ohara, Y., Bloomer, S.H., Ishii, T., Hargrove, U.S. III, and Haraguchi, S. (2006) Early stages in the evolution of Izu-Bonin arc volcanism: New age, chemical, and isotopic constraints. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 250(1–2), 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.08.00710.1016/j.epsl.2006.08.007Search in Google Scholar
Ishizuka, O., Tani, K., Reagan, M.K., Kanayama, K., Umino, S., Harigane, Y., Sakamoto, I., Miyajima, Y., Yuasa, M., and Dunkley, D.J. (2011) The timescales of subduction initiation and subsequent evolution of an oceanic island arca. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 306(3-4), 229–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.04.006.10.1016/j.epsl.2011.04.006Search in Google Scholar
Jarosewich, E., Nelen, J.A., and Norberg, J.A. (1980) Reference samples for electron microprobe analysis. Geostandards Newsletter, 4, 43–47.10.1111/j.1751-908X.1980.tb00273.xSearch in Google Scholar
Kamenetsky, V., Crawford, A.J., and Meffre, S. (2001) Factors controlling chemistry of magmatic spinel: An empirical study of associated olivine, Cr-spinel and melt inclusions from primitive rocks. Journal of Petrology, 2, 655–671.10.1093/petrology/42.4.655Search in Google Scholar
Kodaira, S., Fujiwara, T., Noguchi, N., and Takahashi, N. (2011) Structural variation of the Bonin ridge revealed by modeling of seismic and gravity data. Earth Planets Space, 63, 963–973. doi:10.5047/eps.2011.06.036.10.5047/eps.2011.06.036Search in Google Scholar
Kushiro, I. (1972) Effect of water on the composition of magmas formed at high pressures. Journal of Petrology, 13, 311–334.10.1093/petrology/13.2.311Search in Google Scholar
Kushiro, I. (1974) Melting of hydrous upper mantle and possible generation of andesitic magmas: An approach from synthetic systems. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 22, 294–299.10.1016/0012-821X(74)90138-1Search in Google Scholar
Kushiro, M.J.A. (2007) Origin of magmas in subduction zones: A review of experimental studies. Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences, 83.10.2183/pjab.83.1Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Lange, R.A. (1994) The effect of H2O, CO2 and F on the density of and viscosity of silicate melts. Reviews of Mineralogy, 30, 331–369.Search in Google Scholar
Lange, R.L., and Carmichael, I. S.E. (1990) Thermodynamic properties of silicate liquids with emphasis on density, thermal expansion and compressibility. Reviews in Mineralogy, 24, 25–64.10.1515/9781501508769-006Search in Google Scholar
LeBas, M.J. (2000) IUGS reclassification of the high-Mg and picritic volcanic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 41(10), 1467–1470.10.1093/petrology/41.10.1467Search in Google Scholar
Lee, C.‐T.A., Luffi, P., Plank, T., Dalton, H.A., and Leeman, W.P. (2009) Constraints on the depths and temperatures of basaltic magma generation on Earth and other terrestrial planets. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279, 20–33, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.020.10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.020Search in Google Scholar
Leng, W., and Gurnis, M. (2015) Subduction initiation at relict arcs. Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 7014–7021. doi:10.1002/2015GL064985.10.1002/2015GL064985Search in Google Scholar
Li, H.Y., Taylor, R.N., Prytulak, J., Kirchenbaur, M., Shervais, J.W., Ryan, J.G., Godard, M., Reagan, M.K., and Pearce, J.A. (2019) Radiogenic isotopes document the start of subduction in the Western Pacific. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 518, 197–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.04.041.10.1016/j.epsl.2019.04.041Search in Google Scholar
McDonough, W.F., and Sun, S. S. (1995) The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology, 120, 223–253.10.1016/S0074-6142(01)80077-2Search in Google Scholar
Metcalf, R.V., and Shervais, J.W. (2008) Suprasubduction-zone ophiolites: Is there really an ophiolite conundrum? The Geological Society of America Special Paper, 408, 191–222. doi: 0.1130/2008.2438(07).0.1130/2008.2438(07)Search in Google Scholar
Mitchell, A.L., and Grove, T.L. (2015) Melting the hydrous, subarc mantle: The origin of primitive andesites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 170, 13. doi: 10.1007/s00410-015-1161-4.10.1007/s00410-015-1161-4Search in Google Scholar
Miyashiro, A. (1973) The Troodos ophiolitic complex was probably formed in an island arca. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 19, 218–224.10.1016/0012-821X(73)90118-0Search in Google Scholar
Moghadam, H.S., and Stern, R.J. (2014) Ophiolites of Iran: Keys to understanding the tectonic evolution of SW Asia: (I) Paleozoic ophiolites. Gondwana Research, 91, 19–38.Search in Google Scholar
Moghadam, H.S., Zaki Khedr, M., Chiaradia, M., Stern, R. J., Bakhshizad, F., Arai, S., Ottley, C.J., and Akihiro, T. (2014) Supra-subduction zone magmatism of the Neyriz ophiolite, Iran: Constraints from geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes. International Geology Review, 56(11), 1395–1412.10.1080/00206814.2014.942391Search in Google Scholar
Monnier, C., Girardeau, J., Maury, R.C., and Cotten, J. (1995) Back-arc basin origin for the East Sulawesi ophiolite (eastern Indonesia). Geology, 23, 851–854.10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0851:BABOFT>2.3.CO;2Search in Google Scholar
Moores, E.M. (1982) Origin and emplacement of ophiolites. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 20, 735–760.10.1029/RG020i004p00735Search in Google Scholar
Morimoto, N. (1988) Nomenclature of pyroxenes. Mineralogical Magazine, 52, 535–550.10.1180/minmag.1988.052.367.15Search in Google Scholar
Neave, D., and Putirka, K. (2017) A new clinopyroxene-liquid barometer, and implications for magma storage pressures under Icelandic rift zones. American Mineralogist, 102, 777–794.10.2138/am-2017-5968Search in Google Scholar
Niu, Y., O’Hara, M.J., and Pearce, J. (2003) Initiation of subduction zones as a consequence of lateral compositional buoyancy contrast within the lithosphere: A petrological perspective. Journal of Petrology, 44, 851–866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/44.5.85110.1093/petrology/44.5.851Search in Google Scholar
Ochs, F.A. III, and Lange, R.A. (1999) The density of hydrous magmatic liquids. Science, 283, 1314–1317. doi: 10.1126/science.283.5406.1314.10.1126/science.283.5406.1314Search in Google Scholar
Macpherson, C.G., and Hall, R. (2001) Tectonic setting of Eocene boninite magmatism in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana forearc. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 186, 215–230.10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00248-5Search in Google Scholar
Pearce, J.A. (2003) Supra-subduction zone ophiolites: The search for modern analogues. In Y. Dilek and S. Newcomb, Eds., Ophiolite concept and the evolution of geological thought. Geological Society of America Special Paper 373, pp. 269–293.10.1130/0-8137-2373-6.269Search in Google Scholar
Pearce, J.A., and Reagan, M.K. (2019) Identification, classification, and interpretation of boninites from Anthropocene to Eoarchean using Si-Mg-Ti systematics. Geosphere, 15, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01661.110.1130/GES01661.1Search in Google Scholar
Pearce, J.A., and Robinson, P.T. (2010) The Troodos ophiolitic complex probably formed in a subduction initation, slab edge setting. Gondwana Research, 18(1), 60–81. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2009.12.003.10.1016/j.gr.2009.12.003Search in Google Scholar
Pearce, J.A., Lann, S.R., Arculus, R.J., Murton, B.J., Ishii, T., Peate, D.W., and Parkinson, I.J. (1992) Boninite and harzburgite from Leg 125 (Bonin-Mariana fore-arc): A case study of magma genesis during the initial stages of subduction. In P. Fryer, J.A. Peace, and L.B. Stokking, Eds., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 125, p. 623–659. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Texas.10.2973/odp.proc.sr.125.172.1992Search in Google Scholar
Pearce, J.A., Barker, P.F., Edwards, S.J., Parkinson, I.J., and Leat, P.T. (2000) Geochemistry and tectonic significance of peridotites from the South Sandwich arc-basin system, South Atlantica. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 139, 36–53.10.1007/s004100050572Search in Google Scholar
Portnyagin, M.V., Danyushevsky, L.V., and Kamenetsky, V.S. (1997) Coexistence of two distinct mantle sources during formation of ophiolites: A case study of primitive pilliow-lavas from the lowest part of the volcanic section of the Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 128, 287–301.10.1007/s004100050309Search in Google Scholar
Putirka, K. (1999) Clinopyroxene + liquid equilibria to 100 kbar and 2450 K. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 135, 151–163.10.1007/s004100050503Search in Google Scholar
Putirka, K.D. (2008) Thermometers and barometers for volcanic systems. Reviews of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 69, 61–120.10.1515/9781501508486-004Search in Google Scholar
Putirka, K., Johnson, M., Kinzler, R., and Walker, D. (1996) Thermobarometry of mafic igneous rocks based on clinopyroxene-liquid equilibria, 0–30 kbar. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 123, 92–108.10.1007/s004100050145Search in Google Scholar
Putirka, K., Mikaelian, H., Ryerson, F.J., and Shaw, H. (2003) New igneous thermobarometers for mafic and evolved lava compositions, based on clinopyroxene + liquid equilibria. American Mineralogist, 88, 1542–1554.10.2138/am-2003-1017Search in Google Scholar
Reagan, M.K., Ishizuka, O., Stern, R.J., Kelley, K.A., Ohara, Y., Blichert-Toft, J., Bloomer, S.H., Cash, J., Fryer, P., Hanan, B.B., and others. (2010) Fore-arc basalts and subduction initiation in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana system. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 11, Q03X12, doi:10.1029/2009GC002871.10.1029/2009GC002871Search in Google Scholar
Reagan, M.K., McClelland, W.C., Girard, G., Goff, K.R., Peate, D.W., Ohara, Y., and Stern, R. J. (2013) The geology of the southern Mariana fore-arc crust: implications for the scale of Eocene volcanism in the western Pacifica. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 380, 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.08.01310.1016/j.epsl.2013.08.013Search in Google Scholar
Reagan, M.K., Pearce, J.A., Petronotis, K., and the Expedition 352 Scientists (2015) Izu-Bonin-Mariana Fore Arca. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 352: College Station, Texas (International Ocean Discovery Program), http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.352.201510.14379/iodp.proc.352.2015Search in Google Scholar
Reagan, M.K., Pearce, J.A., Petronotis, K., Almeev, R.R., Avery, A.J., Carvallo, C., Chapman, T., Christeson, G.L., Ferré, E.C., Godard, M., and others. (2017) Subduction initiation and ophiolite crust: New insights from IODP drilling. International Geology Review, 59, 1439–1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2016.127648210.1080/00206814.2016.1276482Search in Google Scholar
Reagan, M.K., Heaton, D.E., Schmizt, M.D., Pearce, J.A., Shervais, J.W., and Koppers, A.P (2019) Forearc ages reveal extensive short-lived and rapid seafloor spreading following subduction initiation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 506, 520–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.11.02010.1016/j.epsl.2018.11.020Search in Google Scholar
Rhodes, J.M., Lofgren, G.E., and Smith, B.P. (1979) One atmosphere melting experiments on ilmenite basalt 12 000. Proceedings of the 10th Lunar Science Conference, pp. 407–422.Search in Google Scholar
Rioux, M., Bowring, S., Kelemen, P., Gordon, S., Dudás, F., and Miller, R. (2012) Rapid crustal accretion and magma assimilation in the Oman-U.A.E. ophiolite: High precision U-Pb zircon geochronology of the gabbroic crust. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117, B7. doi:10.1029/2012JB009273.10.1029/2012JB009273Search in Google Scholar
Roeder, P.L., and Emslie, R.F. (1970) Olivine-liquid equilibrium. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrolrolgy, 29, 275–289, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0037127610.1007/BF00371276Search in Google Scholar
Saccani, E., and Photiades, A. (2004) Mid-ocean ridge and supra-subduction affinities in the Pindos Massif ophiolites (Greece): Implications for magma genesis in a proto-forearc setting. Lithos, 73, 229–253.10.1016/j.lithos.2003.12.002Search in Google Scholar
Saccani, E., Bortolotti, V., Marroni, M., Pandolfi, L., Photiades, A., and Principi, G. (2008) The Jurassic association of backarc basin ophiolites and calk-alkaline volcanics in the Guevgueli Complex (northern Greece): Implication for the evolution of the Vardar Zone. Ophioliti, 33, 209–227.Search in Google Scholar
Sato, H. (1977) Nickel content of basaltic magmas: Identification of primary magmas and a measure of the degree of olivine fractionation. Lithos, 10, 113–120.10.1016/0024-4937(77)90037-8Search in Google Scholar
Scruggs, M.A. and Putirka, K.D. (2018) Eruption triggering by partial crystallization of mafic enclaves at Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California. American Mineralogist, 103, 1575–1590. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6058.10.2138/am-2018-6058Search in Google Scholar
Shervais, J.W. (2001) Birth, death and resurrection: The life cycle of supra-subduction zone ophiolites. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2, 2000GC000080.Search in Google Scholar
Shervais, J.W., Reagan, M., Haugen, E., Almeev, R., Pearce, J., Prytulak, J., Ryan, J.G., Whattam, S.A., Godard, M., Chapman, T., and others. (2019) Magmatic response to subduction initiation, Part I: Fore-arc basalts of the Izu-Bonin Arc from IODP Expedition 352. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 20/1, 314–338, Article GGGE21778. doi: 10.1029/2018GC007731.10.1029/2018GC007731Search in Google Scholar
Sobolev, A.V., and Danyushevsky, L.V. (1994) Petrology and geochemistry of boninites from the north termination of the Tonga Trench: Constrains on the generation conditions of primary high-Ca boninite magmas. Journal of Petrology, 35, 1183–1211.10.1093/petrology/35.5.1183Search in Google Scholar
Stern, R.J., and Bloomer, S.H. (1992) Subduction zone infancy: Examples from the Eocene Izu-Bonin-Mariana and Jurassic California. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 104, 1621–1636.10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1621:SZIEFT>2.3.CO;2Search in Google Scholar
Stern, R.J., Reagan, M., Ishizuka, O., Ohara, Y., and Whattam, S. (2012) To understand subduction initiation, study forearc crust; to understand forearc crust, study ophiolites. Lithosphere, 4, 469–483.10.1130/L183.1Search in Google Scholar
Straub, S.M., LaGatta, A.B., Martin-Del Pozzo, A.L., and Langmuir, C.H. (2008) Evidence from high-Ni olivines for a hybridized peridotite/pyroxenite source for orogenic andesites from the central Mexican Volcanic Belt. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, doi.10.1029/2007GC001583.10.1029/2007GC001583Search in Google Scholar
Takahashi, E., Uto, K., and Schilling, J.G. (1987) Primary magma compositions and Mg/Fe ratios of the mantle residues along Mid Atlantic Ridge 29°N to 73°N. Technical Reports of ISEI, Okayama University, A9, pp. 1–14.Search in Google Scholar
Tanaka, H.K.M., Kusagaya, T., and Shinohara, H. (2014) Radiographic visualization of magma dynamics in an erupting volcano. Nature Communications, 5, 3381. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4381.10.1038/ncomms4381Search in Google Scholar
Tatsumi, Y., and Maruyama, S. (1989) Boninites and high-Mg andesites: Tectonics and petrogenesis. In A.J. Crawford, Ed., Boninites and Related Rocks, pp. 50–71. Unwin and Hyman.Search in Google Scholar
Taylor, R.N., Nesbitt, R.W., Vidal, P., Harmon, R.S., Auvray, B., and Croudace, I.W. (1994) Mineralogy, chemistry, and genesis of the boninite series volcanics, Chichijima, Bonin Islands, Japan. Journal of Petrology, 35(3), 577–617.10.1093/petrology/35.3.577Search in Google Scholar
Thompson, G.M., Malpas, J., and Smith, I.E.M. (1997) The geochemistry of tholeiitic and alkalic plutonic rocks within the Northland ophiolite, northern New Zealand: Magmatism in a back arc basin. Chemical Geology, 142, 213–223.10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00092-2Search in Google Scholar
Topliss, M.J., and Carroll, M.R. (1995) An experimental study of the influence of oxygen fugacity on Fe-Ti oxide stability, phase relations and mineral-melt equilibria in ferro-basaltic systems. Journal of Petrology, 36, 1137–1170.10.1093/petrology/36.5.1137Search in Google Scholar
Torró, L., Proenza, J.A., Marchesi, C., Garcia-Casco, A., and Lewis, J.F. (2017) Petrogenesis of meta-volcanic rocks from the Maimón Formation (Dominican Republic): Geochemical record of the nascent Greater Antilles paleo-arc. Lithos, 278-281, 255–273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2017.01.03110.1016/j.lithos.2017.01.031Search in Google Scholar
Ulmer, P. (1989) The dependence of the Fe2+-Mg cation-partitioning between olivine and basaltic liquid on pressure, temperature and composition, an experimental study to 30 kbars. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 101, 261–273.10.1007/BF00375311Search in Google Scholar
Umino, S. (1986) Magma mixing in boninite sequence of Chichijima, Bonin Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 29, 125–157.10.1016/0377-0273(86)90042-9Search in Google Scholar
Umino, S., and Kushiro, I. (1989) Experimental studies on boninite petrogenesis. In A.J. Crawford, Ed., Boninite and Related Rocks, pp. 89–109. Unwin Hyman.Search in Google Scholar
van der Laan, S.R., Flower, M.F.J., Koster Van Groos, A.K. (1989) Experimental evidence for the origin of boninites: near-liquidus phase relations to 7.5 kbar. In A.J. Crawford, Ed., Boninite and Related Rocks, pp. 112–147. Unwin Hyman.Search in Google Scholar
van der Laan, S.R., Arculus, R.J., Pearce, J.A., and Murton, B.J. (1992) Petrography, mineral chemistry, and phase relations of the basement boninite series of Site 786, Izu-Bonin forearca. In P. Fryer, J.A. Pearce, et al., Eds., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific results, vol. 125, p. 171–201. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Texas.10.2973/odp.proc.sr.125.139.1992Search in Google Scholar
Venezsky, D. Y., and Rutherford, M.J. (1999) Petrology and Fe-Ti oxide reequilibration of the 1991 Mount Unzen mixed magma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 89, 213–230.10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00133-4Search in Google Scholar
Whattam, S.A. (2009) Arc-continent collisional orogenesis in the SW Pacific and the nature, source and correlation of emplaced ophiolitic nappe components. Lithos, 113, 88–114.10.1016/j.lithos.2008.11.009Search in Google Scholar
Whattam, S.A. (2018) Primitive magmas in the early Central American Arc system generated by plume-induced subduction initiation. Frontiers in Earth Science, 6, 114. doi: 10.3389/feart.2018.00114.10.3389/feart.2018.00114Search in Google Scholar
Whattam, S.A., and Stern, R. J. (2011) The “subduction initation rule”: A key for linking ophiolites, intra-oceanic arcs and subduction initiation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162, 1031–1045. doi: 10.1007/s00410-011-0638-z.10.1007/s00410-011-0638-zSearch in Google Scholar
Whattam, S.A., Montes, C., and Stern, R.J. (2020) Early Central American forearc follows the subduction initiation rule. Gondwana Research, 79, 283–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2019.10.002.10.1016/j.gr.2019.10.002Search in Google Scholar
Wu, J., Suppe, J., and Kanda, R. (2016) Philippine Sea and East Asian plate tectonics since 52 Ma constrained by new subducted slab reconstruction methods. Journal of Geophysical Research, 121, 4670–4741. doi: 10.1002/2016JB012923.10.1002/2016JB012923Search in Google Scholar
Yajima, K., and Fujimaki, H. (2001) High-Ca and low-Ca boninites from Chichijima, Bonin (Ogasawara) archipelago. Japanese Magazine of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 30, 217–236.10.2465/gkk.30.217Search in Google Scholar
Yogodzinski, G.M., Bizimis, M., Hickey-Vargas, R., McCarthy, A., Hocking, B.D., Savov, I.P., et al. (2018). Implications of Eocene-age Philippine Sea and forearc basalts for initiation and early history of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arca. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 228, 136–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.02.04710.1016/j.gca.2018.02.047Search in Google Scholar
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
