Abstract
The natural infection with parasitic helminths is common in wild rodent populations. Once such interactions are better understood in the laboratory, it will be more feasible to extend the findings to infected hosts in nature. The flukes recovered from laboratory-infected Akodon cursor at 63 days post-infection were stained with hydrochloric carmine and individually mounted on glass slide as whole-mounts. Light and laser scanning confocal microscopy studies of adult male and female Schistosoma mansoni are reported. The parasites were examined morphologically and biometrically, which was obtained in a digital system for image analysis. Parameters used were: tegument thickness, digestive, excretory and reproductive systems. The overall conclusion of this experiment is that the morphological features of adult worm were similar to laboratory mice. It has been confirmed that the grass mouse is a permissive host to S. mansoni infection.
[1] Almeida C.R., Almeida A.M., Brasil D.P., Dantas Sobrinho J., Leal M.A. 1986. The rodent Akodon arviculoides Wagner, 1842 (Cricetidae) — importance in plague foci in Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 81, 409–416. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761986000400008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276198600040000810.1590/S0074-02761986000400008Search in Google Scholar
[2] Cheever A.W., Lenzi J.A., Lenzi H.L., Andrade Z.A. 2002. Experimental models of Schistosoma mansoni infection. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 97, 917–940. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762002000700002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276200200070000210.1590/S0074-02762002000700002Search in Google Scholar
[3] Cioli D., Knopf P.M., Senft A.W. 1977. A study of Schistosoma mansoni transferred into permissive and non-permissive hosts. International Journal for Parasitology, 7, 293–297. DOI:10.1016/0020-7519(77)90038-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(77)90038-810.1016/0020-7519(77)90038-8Search in Google Scholar
[4] D’Andrea P.S., Horta C., Cerqueira R., Rey L. 1996. Breeding of the water rat (Nectomys squamipes) in the laboratory. Laboratory Animals, 30, 369–376. DOI: 10.1258/002367796780739835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/00236779678073983510.1258/002367796780739835Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[5] D’Andrea P.S., Maroja L.S., Gentile R., Cerqueira R., Maldonado A., Rey L. 2000. The parasitism of Schistosoma mansoni (Digenea-Trematoda) in a naturally infected population of water rats, Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Brazil. Parasitology, 120, 573–582. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182099005892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003118209900589210.1017/S0031182099005892Search in Google Scholar
[6] D’Andrea P.S, Gentile R., Maroja L.S., Fernandes F.A., Coura R., Cerqueira R. 2007. Small mammal populations of an agroecosystem in the Atlantic forest domain, southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 67, 179–186. DOI: 10.1590/S1519-69842007000100025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-6984200700010002510.1590/S1519-69842007000100025Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[7] Freire N., Rodrigues-Silva R., Machado-Silva J.R., Rey L. 2003. A comparative parasitologic study on Biomphalaria glabrata snail and C3H/He mice infected with human and murine isolates of Schistosoma mansoni derived from Sumidouro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 98, 783–787. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762003000600013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276200300060001310.1590/S0074-02762003000600013Search in Google Scholar
[8] Gomes D.C., Vicente J.J. 1984. Helmintos parasitos de Nectomys squamipes (Brants) no município de Sumidouro, RJ. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 79, 67–72. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761984000100008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276198400010000810.1590/S0074-02761984000100008Search in Google Scholar
[9] Gomes D.C., Lanfredi R.M., Pinto R.M., Souza W. 1992. Description of Trichuris travassosi nov. sp. (Nematoda: Trichurinae) from a brazilian rodent, by light and scanning electron microscopy. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 87, 1–10. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761992000500004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276199200050000410.1590/S0074-02761992000500004Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[10] Gomes D.C., Cruz R.P., Vicente J.J., Pinto R.M. 2003. Nematode parasites of marsupials and small rodents from the brazilian Atlantic forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 20, 699–707. DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81752003000400024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-8175200300040002410.1590/S0101-81752003000400024Search in Google Scholar
[11] Hulstijn M., Barros L.A., Neves R.H., Moura E.G., Gomes D.C., Machado-Silva J.R. 2006. Hermaphrodites and supernumerary testicular lobes in Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) analyzed by brightfield and confocal microscopy. Journal of Parasitology, 92, 496–500. DOI: 10.1645/GE-3552.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-3552.110.1645/GE-3552.1Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[12] Lenzi J.A., Mota E.M., Pelajo-Machado M., Paiva R.A., Lenzi H.L. 1995. Calomys callosus: an alternative model to study fibrosis in schistosomiasis mansoni. The pathology of the acute phase. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 90, 311–318. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761995000200034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276199500020003410.1590/S0074-02761995000200034Search in Google Scholar
[13] Machado e Silva J.R., Oliveira R.M.F., Rodrigues-Silva R., Maldonado Jr. A., Rey L. 1991. Roedores silvestres como modelos experimentais da esquistossomose mansônica: Akodon arviculoides (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 33, 257–261. DOI: 10.1590/S0036-46651991000400003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-4665199100040000310.1590/S0036-46651991000400003Search in Google Scholar
[14] Machado-Silva J.R., Galvão C., Presgrave O.A.F., Rey L., Gomes D.C. 1994. Host-induced morphological changes of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 male worms. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 89, 411–414. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761994000300021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276199400030002110.1590/S0074-02761994000300021Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[15] Machado-Silva J.R., Galvão C., Oliveira R.M., Presgrave O.A., Gomes D.C. 1995. Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907: comparative morphological studies of some brazilian strains. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 37, 441–447. DOI: 10.1590/S0036-46651995000500010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-4665199500050001010.1590/S0036-46651995000500010Search in Google Scholar
[16] Machado-Silva J.R., Lanfredi R.M., Gomes D.C. 1997. Morphological study of adult male worms of Schistosoma mansoni by scanning electron microscopy. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 92, 647–653. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761997000500016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276199700050001610.1590/S0074-02761997000500016Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[17] Machado-Silva J.R., Pelajo-Machado M., Lenzi H.L., Gomes D.C. 1998. Morphological study of adult male worms of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 93, 303–307. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761998000700060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276199800070006010.1590/S0074-02761998000700060Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[18] Maldonado Jr. A., Machado-Silva J.R., Rodrigues-Silva R., Lenzi H.L., Rey L. 1994. Evaluation of the resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia: Cricetidae) a natural host of infection in Brazil. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 36, 193–198. DOI: 10.1590/S0036-46651994000300001. 10.1590/S0036-46651994000300001Search in Google Scholar
[19] Maldonado Jr. A., Gentile R., Fernandes-Moraes C.C., D’Andrea P.S., Lanfredi R.M., Rey L. 2006. Helminth communities of Nectomys squamipes naturally infected by the exotic trematode Schistosoma mansoni in southeastern Brazil. Journal of Helminthology, 80, 369–375. DOI: 10.1017/JOH2006366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/JOH200636610.1017/JOH2006366Search in Google Scholar
[20] Martinez E.M., Neves R.H., Oliveira R.M.F., Machado-Silva J.R., Rey L. 2003. Características biológicas e morfológicas de cepas brasileiras de Schistosoma mansoni em Mus musculus. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 36, 557–564. DOI: 10.1590/S0037-86822003000500003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-8682200300050000310.1590/S0037-86822003000500003Search in Google Scholar
[21] Mouhaid G., Casanova J.C., Moné H. 1997. Plasticidad fenotípica y determinacion sistemática de parásitos: el caso de Echinoparyphium elegans. Acta Parasitologica Portuguesa, 4, 127. Search in Google Scholar
[22] Najim A.T. 1951. A male Schistosoma mansoni with two sets of testes. Journal of Parasitology, 37, 545–546. DOI: 10.2307/3273345. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327334510.2307/3273345Search in Google Scholar
[23] Neves R.H., Costa-Silva M., Martinez E.M., Branquinho T.B., Oliveira R.M.F., Lenzi H.L., Gomes D.C., Machado-Silva J.R. 2004. Phenotypic plasticity in adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) evidenced by brightfield and confocal laser scanning microscopies. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 99, 131–136. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762004000200003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276200400020000310.1590/S0074-02762004000200003Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[24] Neves R.H., Lamare C.B., Machado-Silva J.R., Carvalho J.J., Branquinho T.B., Lenzi H.L., Hulstijn M., Gomes D.C. 2005. A new description of the reproductive system of Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Parasitology Research, 95, 43–49. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-004-1241-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-004-1241-210.1007/s00436-004-1241-2Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[25] Neves R.H., Pereira M.J.S., Gomes D.C., Oliveira R.M.F., Machado-Silva J.R. 1998. Morphometric differences of adult worms from sympatric samples of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 isolated from rodents and humans. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 93, 309–312. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761998000700061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276199800070006110.1590/S0074-02761998000700061Search in Google Scholar
[26] Rey L. 1993. Non-human vertebrate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni and schistosomiasis transmission in Brazil. Research and Reviews in Parasitology, 53, 13–25. Search in Google Scholar
[27] Ribeiro A.C., Maldonado Jr A., D’Andrea P.S., Vieira G.O., Rey L. 1998. Susceptibility of Nectomys rattus (Pelzen, 1883) to experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907): a potential reservoir in Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 93, 295–299. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761998000700058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276199800070005810.1590/S0074-02761998000700058Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[28] Rodrigues-Silva R., Machado-Silva J.R., Faerstein N.F, Rey L. 1992. Natural infection of wild rodents by Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitological aspects. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 87, 271–276. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761992000500051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276199200050005110.1590/S0074-02761992000500051Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[29] Souza J., Digiani M.C., Simões R., Luque J.L., Rodrigues-Silva R., Maldonado Jr. A. 2008. A new Heligmonellidae (Nematoda) from Oligoryzomys nigripes (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) in the atlantic forest, Brazil. Journal of Parasitology, 95, 734–738. DOI: 10.1645/GE-1836.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-1836.110.1645/GE-1836.1Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[30] Souza V.A., Rodrigues-Silva R., Maldonado Jr. A., Machado-Silva J.R., Rey L. 1992. Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia: Cricetidae) as an experimental model for schistosomiasis mansoni. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 87, 277–280. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761992000500052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276199200050005210.1590/S0074-02761992000500052Search in Google Scholar
[31] Toledo R., Carpena I., Espert A., Sotillo J., Muñoz-Antoli C., Esteban J.G. 2006. A quantitative approach to the experimental transmission success of Echinostoma friedi (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in rats. Journal of Parasitology, 92, 16–20. DOI: 10.1645/GE-574R1.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-574R1.110.1645/GE-574R1.1Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[32] Valero A.M., Perez-Crespo I., Periago V.M., Khoubbane M., Mas-Coma S. 2009. Fluke egg characteristics for the diagnosis of human and animal fascioliasis by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Acta Tropica, 111, 150–159. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.04.005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.04.00510.1016/j.actatropica.2009.04.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[33] Watson J.J., Pike A.W. 1993. Variation in the morphology of adult Apatemon gracilis Rudolphi, 1819 (Digenea: Strigeidae) reared in different avian hosts. Systematic Parasitology, 26, 33–38. DOI: 10.1007/BF00009645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0000964510.1007/BF00009645Search in Google Scholar
© 2011 W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, PAS
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
