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The Detergency of Surfactant Mixtures and Bentonites on Cotton Fabric

Die Waschkraft von Tensidmischungen in Anwesenheit von Betoniten an Baumwollgeweben
  • Francisco-Javier Carrion-Fite

Abstract

The primary aim of this work is to attain improvement of the softness of cotton fabric during the washing process with ecological surfactants. To attain that improvement, sodium bentonite was added to the detergent formulations to produce a softening effect during washing and obtain the so called “soft detergent” effect. Sodium bentonite (a mineral composed mainly of hydrated aluminium silicates) was mixed with the surfactants used in ecological detergents. This product was used with a suitable particle size that, given its large specific surface area, facilitated its deposition on the cotton fabric, producing the desired effect of increasing the softness of the washed fabric. The surfactants used were an anionic surfactant, namely LAS, and two non-ionic surfactants, namely APG and AE, used separately and as mixtures, without co-formulants, to demonstrate their detersive power in one wash and repeated washes, depending on the nature of the surfactants and on their separate mixtures and mixtures in different proportions of anionic and non-ionic surfactants in combination in all cases with a constant concentration of sodium bentonite with two particle sizes. Evaluation was performed of the subjective softness (to the touch) of pairs of samples by several observers and also of changes in whiteness after deposition of the bentonite during washing.

Kurzfassung

Das primäre Ziel dieser Arbeit war, die Weichheit von Baumwollgeweben während des Waschprozesses mit ökologischen Tensiden zu verbessern. Dazu wurde Natriumbentonit den Waschmittelformulierungen zugesetzt, um einen weichmachenden Effekt, den sog. Soft-Waschmittel-Effekt, zu erzeugen. Natriumbentonit, ein Mineral, das hauptsächlich aus hydratisierten Alumimiumsilikaten besteht, wurde mit Tensiden, die in ökologischen Waschmitteln verwendet werden, gemischt. Das verwendete Mineral hatte eine geeignete Partikelgrößenverteilung, wodurch es eine große spezifische Oberfläche aufwies. Dies erleichterte seine Abscheidung auf der Baumwolloberfläche und lieferte die erwünschte Steigerung der Weichheit des gewaschenen Gewebes. Bei den verwendeten Tensiden handelte es sich um ein anionisches Tensid (LAS) und um zwei nicht-ionische Tenside [ein Alkylpolyglucosid (APG) und ein Alkoholethoxylat (AE)]. Diese wurden sowohl allein als auch als Mischung ohne Beistoffe eingesetzt, um ihre Waschkraft in einem oder mehreren Waschvorgängen in Anhängigkeit von der Art der Tenside und der Mischungen (in verschiedenen Mischungsverhältnissen von anionischem zu nichtionischem Tensid) bei einer konstanten Konzentration an Bentonit zu demonstrieren. Die beiden Bentonite unterschieden sich in ihrer Partikelgröße. Die Bewertung erfolgte anhand der subjektiven Beurteilung der Weichheit von Probenpaaren (Grifftest) durch Testpersonen und der Veränderung des Weißgrades nach Abscheidung des Bentonits während des Waschens.


*Prof. Dr. F. J. Carrión Fité, Institut d'Investigació Tèxtil i Cooperació Industrial de Terrassa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Laboratorio de Tensioactivos y Detergencia, COLOM, 15, E-08222 TERRASSA (Barcelona), Spain, E-Mail:

Prof. Dr. F. J. Carrión-Fité is Full Professor in the Departament of Textile and Paper Engineering, which belongs to the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. (UPC), Spain. He was the director from 2003 until 2009. Is Professor in the “Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Industrial y Aeronáutica de Terrassa” (ETSEIAT) and Professor in the “Escuela de Ingeniería de Tarrassa” (EET). He is professor researcher in to the “Textile Research Institute and Industrial Cooperation in Terrassa” (INTEXTER) (UPC), in which he was his Director from 1996 until 1999. At present, he is Technical Director of his Laboratory of Surfactants and Detergency. He is Professor in the Master E-TEAM of AUTEX and publisher of the Bulletin INTEXTER (UPC), UPC as well as referee in international textile journals. He is member of the AENOR Technical Committee of Normalization CTN55B about Surface Active Agents and member of the Group of work CEN/TC248/WG9. He is also member in different Associations like AOCS, AEQCT, RSEQ, AEC, etc. He has supervised Ph Thesis and different Projects in the UPC and in collaboration with the industry. He has published more than 100 articles and attended more than 80 International Congresses.


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Received: 2013-08-07
Revised: 2013-11-14
Published Online: 2013-05-01
Published in Print: 2014-03-17

© 2014, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

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