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Synthesis, Surface Activity and Application Properties of a Novel Ethoxylated Gemini Trisiloxane Surfactant

Synthese, Oberflächenaktivität und Anwendungseigenschaften eines neuen ethoxilierten Trisiloxan-Gemini-Tensids
  • Zhongli Peng and Hui Zeng

Abstract

A novel ethoxylated gemini trisiloxane surfactant B whose general formula is of RO(CH2CH2O)8.7R [R = Me3SiOSiMe(CH2)3 · OSiMe3] has been synthesized using polyethylene glycol 400, 3-chloropropylene and 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane as main raw materials. This compound was structurally characterized by ESI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Its surface activity and application properties containing spreading performance and hydrolysis resistance were also measured. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and the surface tension of surfactant B solution at CAC (γCAC) of are 2.63 × 10−6 mol L−1 and 20.7 mN m−1, respectively. This CAC is only one-tenth of the CAC of the Υ-shaped ethoxylated double-tail trisiloxane surfactant 1P, where CAC was replaced with critical micelle concentration (CMC), indicating that surfactant B has an extremely high surface activity. The spreading ability (SA) of its solution (5 × 10−3 mol L−1) within 1 min over Parafilm, PE film and ficus microcarpa leaves is 23.9, 45.7 and 59.8, respectively, suggesting that this surfactant has a better SA than 1P and possesses superspreading. This surfactant also possesses a stronger hydrolysis resistance than 1P; for instance, in pH 10.0 environment for 86 days. The surface tension of surfactant B solution has been no more than 6 percent of its initial value. It is suggested that the excellent interfacial properties of surfactant B is related to its U-shaped conformation in water.

Kurzfassung

Ein neues ethoxiliertes Trisiloxan-Geminitensid (B) mit der allgemeinen Formel RO(CH2CH2O)8.7R [R = Me3SiOSiMe · (CH2)3OSiMe3] wurde mit Hilfe von Polyethylenglycol 400, 3-Chlorpropylen und 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyltrisiloxan als Hauptausgangsmaterial synthetisiert. Die Struktur der Verbindung wurde mit ESI-MS, 1H-NMR und 13C-NMR Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Die Oberflächenaktivität, die Hydrolysebeständigkeit und die Anwendungseigenschaften, einschließlich des Spreitungsverhaltens, wurden ebenfalls gemessen. Die kritische Aggregatkonzentration (CAC) und die Oberflächenspannung der Tensidlösung (B) bei der CAC (γCAC) besitzen die Werte 2.63 × 10−6 mol L−1 und 20.7 mN m−1. Diese CAC betragen nur ein Zehntel der CAC des Υ-förmigen, ethoxilierten Trisiloxantensids mit doppelter Kette (1P), wo die CAC durch die kritische Mizellenkonzentration (CMC) ersetzt wurde (Appl. Organometal. Chem. 25 (2011), 383.). Das deutet auf eine extrem hohe Oberflächenaktivität des Tensids B hin. Die Spreitungwerte (SA) der B-Lösung (5 × 10−3 mol L−1) innerhalb 1 min auf Parafilm, PE-Film und Lorbeerfeigenblättern betragen 23.9, 45.7 und 59.8 mN m−1, was vermuten lässt, dass das Tensid B ein besseres SA aufweist als 1P und damit ein Superspreiter darstellt. Dieses Tensid hat auch eine höhere Hydrolysebeständigkeit als 1P; z. B. betrug die Oberflächenspannung der Tensidlösung B nie mehr als 6 Prozent des Ausgangswertes bei pH 10.0 für 86 Tage. Es wird vermutet, dass die außergewöhnlichen Grenzflächeneigenschaften des Tensids B mit dessen U-förmiger Gestalt im Wasser zusammenhängen.


*Correspondence address, Prof. Zhongli Peng, Department of Chemical Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China. Tel.: 86-752-2 52 72 29, Fax: 86-752-2 52 72 29, E-Mail:

Zhongli Peng is an applied chemistry professor. He received a Ph. D. in Polymer Chemistry and Physics from Sun Yat-sen University, People's Republic of China. He chiefly pursues in the basics and application research of organosilicon surfactants.

Hui Zeng is an undergraduate in Huizhou University. Her research involves the synthesis and application of organosilicon surfactants.


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Received: 2015-06-26
Accepted: 2015-11-03
Published Online: 2016-03-11
Published in Print: 2016-03-16

© 2016, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

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