Abstract
A series of novel dialkyl disulfonate Gemini surfactants (Cn-GSBS, n = 8, 12, 14, 16, n is the carbon number of the hydrophobic chain) was synthesized from cyanuric chloride, aliphatic amine, ethylenediamine, N,N'-dimethyl-1,3-propyldiamine and sodium 2-chloroethanesulfonate. The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) in aqueous solutions at 25°C were determined by surface tension method. The CMC value decreased with increasing length of the carbon chain. The CMC reached a minimum as low as 5 × 10−5 mol · L−1 for C16-GSBS. The interfacial tensions (IFT) between Daqing crude oil and Cn-GSBS surfactant solutions were also measured. The effects of the concentration of Na2CO3, the concentration and carbon chain length of Cn-GSBS on the IFT of crude oil-water were investigated in detail. The results show that, for the aqueous surfactant system containing the weak base Na2CO3, oil-water interfacial tension can be reduced to 10−2 mN m−1 orders of magnitude. The results also indicate that with the increase of surfactant concentration and the chain length, the oil-water interfacial tension decreased markedly, which indicates that Cn-GSBS surfactants have a good interface activity. These surfactants are good candidates for weak base-surfactant-polymer EOR process.
Kurzfassung
Es wurde ein Reihe neuer Dialkyldisulfonat-Geminitenside (Cn-GSBS, n = 8, 12, 14, 16, n = Anzahl der Kohlenstoffatome in der hydrophoben Kette) aus Cyanurchlorid, aliphatischem Amin, Ethylenamin, N,N'-Dimethyl-1,3-propyldiamin und Natrium-2-Chlorethansulfonat synthetisiert. Die chemischen Strukturen der erzeugten Verbindungen wurden mittels FT-IR und 1H NMR bestätigt. Die kritische Mizellenbildungskonzentrationen in den wässrigen Phasen (CMC) bei 25 °C wurden mittels Oberflächenspannungsmessungen bestimmt. Die CMC nahmen mit zunehmender Kohlenwasserstoffkettenlänge ab. Die CMC erreichte ein Minimum von 5 × 10−5 mol · L−1 (C16-GSBS). Die Grenzflächenspannungen (ITF) zwischen dem Daqing-Rohöl und den Cn-GSBS-Tensiden wurden ebenfalls gemessen. Der Einfluss der Na2CO3- und der Cn-GSBS-Konzentration sowie der Cn-GSBS-Kohlenwasserstoffkettenlänge auf die ITF zwischen dem Rohöl und Wasser wurde im Detail untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in den wässrigen Tensidsystemen, die die schwachen Base Na2CO3 enthalten, die Öl-Wasser-Grenzflächenspannung bis zu einer Größenordnung von 10−2 mN m−1 reduziert werden kann. Die Resultate zeigen ebenfalls, dass mit zunehmender Tensidkonzentration und Kettenlänge die Grenzflächenspannung deutlich abnimmt, was auf eine gute Grenzflächenaktivität der Cn-GSBS-Tenside hinweist. Diese Tenside sind gut geeignet für den EOR-Prozess mit schwach basischen Tensiden und Polymer.
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