Abstract
Hemp seed oil has a very better effect of sunscreen, repair, anti-allergy and anti-aging, as a result of which it is a high-quality raw material for skin care products. In this study, the oxidation degree of hot-pressed and cold-pressed hemp seed oil which was stored in five different environments, was evaluated. The results showed that the long-chain unsaturated fatty acids were oxidized. The oxidation products of hemp seed oil were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All hemp seed oils which were stored at low-temperature protected from light and outdoor environment contained aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols, which have a negative impact on the health of consumers. Furthermore, hemp seed emulsion was prepared with different HLB values. After the 2nd month, hemp seed oil emulsion exhibited a good stability without stratification.
Kurzfassung
Hanfsamenöl hat eine sehr gute Wirkung auf Sonnenschutz, Reparatur, Anti-Allergie und Anti-Aging, wodurch es ein hochwertiger Rohstoff für Hautpflegeprodukte ist. In dieser Studie wurde der Oxidationsgrad von heißgepresstem und kaltgepresstem Hanfsamenöl bewertet, das in fünf verschiedenen Umgebungen gelagert wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die langkettigen ungesättigten Fettsäuren oxidiert waren. Die Oxidationsprodukte von Hanfsamenöl wurden durch Headspace-Festphasen-Mikroextraktions-Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie (HS-SPME-GC/MS) und Hochleistungs-Flüssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC) analysiert. Alle Hanfsamenöle, die bei niedrigen Temperaturen vor Licht geschützt und im Freien gelagert wurden, enthielten Aldehyde, Ketone und Alkohole, die sich negativ auf die Gesundheit der Verbraucher auswirken. Weiterhin wurde Hanfsamenemulsion mit unterschiedlichen HLB-Werten hergestellt. Nach dem 2. Monat zeigte die Hanfsamenölemulsion eine gute Stabilität ohne Schichtung.
References
1 S. Sapino , M. E.Carlotti, E.Peira and M.Gallarate: Hemp-seed and olive oils: Their stability against oxidation and use in O/W emulsions. Int. J. Cosmetic. Sci.27 (2005) 355–355-10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00290Search in Google Scholar
2 C. Da Porto , D.Decorti and F.Tubaro: Fatty acid composition and oxidation stability of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. Ind. Crop. Prod. 36 (2012) 401–404. 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.09.015Search in Google Scholar
3 L. L. Yu , K. K.Zhou and J.Parry: Antioxidant properties of cold-pressed black caraway, carrot, cranberry, and hemp seed oils. Food. Chem.91 (2005) 723–729. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.06.044Search in Google Scholar
4 A. Taheri-Garavand , A.Nassiri and S.Gharibzahedi: Physical and mechanical properties of hemp seed. Int. Agrophys. 26 (2012) 211–215. 10.2478/v10247-012-0031-9Search in Google Scholar
5 A. P. A. Corrêa , C. A.Peixoto, L. A. G.Gonçalves and F. A.Cabral: Fractionation of fish oil with supercritical carbon dioxide. J. Food. Eng. 88 (2008) 381–387. 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.02.025Search in Google Scholar
6 M. Pojić , A.Mišan, M.Sakač, T.Dapčević Hadnaoev, B.Šarić, I.Milovanović and M.Hadnaoev: Characterization of byproducts originating from hemp oil processing. J. Agr. Food Chem. 62 (2014) 12436–12442. 25426777 10.1021/jf5044426Search in Google Scholar
7 R. Ascrizzi , L.Ceccarini, S.Tavarini, G.Flamini and L. G.Angelini: Valorisation of hemp inflorescence after seed harvest: Cultivation site and harvest time influence agronomic characteristics and essential oil yield and composition. Ind. Crop. Prod. 139 (2019) 111541. 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111541Search in Google Scholar
8 B. D. Oomah , M.Busson, D. V.Godfrey and J. C.Drover: Characteristics of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil. Food. Chem. 76 (2002) 33–43. 10.1016/s0308-8146(01)00245-xSearch in Google Scholar
9 T. Chen , J.He, J.Zhang, H.Zhang, P.Qian, J.Hao and L.Li: Analytical characterization of hempseed (seed of Cannabis sativa L.) oil from eight regions in China. J. Diet. Suppl. 7 (2010) 117–129. 22435611 10.3109/19390211003781669Search in Google Scholar
10 L. A. Baker , B.Marchetti, T. N.Karsili, V. G.Stavros and M. N.Ashfold: Photoprotection: extending lessons learned from studying natural sunscreens to the design of artificial sunscreen constituents. Chem. Soc. Rev. 46 (2017) 3770–3791. 28580469 10.1039/C7CS00102ASearch in Google Scholar
11 P. W. Barnes , S. D.Flint, M. A.Tobler and R. J.Ryel: Diurnal adjustment in ultraviolet sunscreen protection is widespread among higher plants. Oecologia181 (2016) 55–63. 26809621 10.1007/s00442-016-3558-9Search in Google Scholar
12 A. Sanches-Silva , A. R. B.De Quirós, J.López-Hernández and P.Paseiro-Losada: Determination of hexanal as indicator of the lipidic oxidation state in potato crisps using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A. 1046 (2004) 75–81. 15387173 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.101Search in Google Scholar
13 I. H. Han and A. S.Csallany: Formation of toxic α,β-unsaturated 4-hydroxy-aldehydes in thermally oxidized fatty acid methyl esters. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 86 (2009) 253–260. 10.1007/s11746-008-1343-6Search in Google Scholar
14 P. S. Uriarte and M. D.Guillén: Formation of toxic alkylbenzenes in edible oils submitted to frying temperature: influence of oil composition in main components and heating time. Food. Res. Int. 43 (2010) 2161–2170. 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.07.022Search in Google Scholar
15 Y. Endo , C. M.Li, M.Tagiri-Endo and K.Fujimoto: A. modified method for the estimation of total carbonyl compounds in heated and frying oils using 2-propanol as a solvent. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.78 (2001) 1021–1024. 10.1007/s11746-001-0381-1Search in Google Scholar
16 D. Li , Y.Xing, H.Li, W.Wang, X.Hou and M.Gao: Effect of linoleic acid supplementation on triglyceride content and gene expression in milk fat synthesis in two-and three-dimensional cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells. Ital. J. Anim. Sci.17 (2018) 714–722. 10.1080/1828051X.2017.1412273Search in Google Scholar
17 F. Cacciola , P.Donato, D.Sciarrone, P.Dugo and L.Mondello: Comprehensive liquid chromatography and other liquid-based comprehensive techniques coupled to mass spectrometry in food analysis. Anal. Chem. 89 (2016) 414–429. 28105838 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04370Search in Google Scholar
18 C. Zhang , M.Qi, Q.Shao, S.Zhou and R.Fu: Analysis of the volatile compounds in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. using HS-SPME–GC-MS. J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. 44 (2007) 464–470. 17306492 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.024Search in Google Scholar
19 Y. Ouchi , H.Yanagisawa and S.Fujimaki: Evaluating Phthalate Contaminant Migration Using Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Polymers11 (2019) 683. 30991697 10.3390/polym11040683Search in Google Scholar
20 S. M. Ghazani , G.García-Llatas and A. G.Marangoni: Micronutrient content of cold-pressed, hot-pressed, solvent extracted and RBD canola oil: Implications for nutrition and quality. Eur. J. Lipid. Sci. Tech.116 (2014) 380–387. 10.1002/ejlt.201300288Search in Google Scholar
21 J. L. Salager , A. M.Forgiarini, L.Márquez, L.Manchego and J.Bullón: How to attain an ultralow interfacial tension and a three-phase behavior with a surfactant formulation for enhanced oil recovery: a review. Part 2. Performance improvement trends from Winsor's premise to currently proposed inter- and intra-molecular mixtures. J. Surfact. Deterg, 16 (2013) 631–663. 23946640 10.1007/s11743-016-1883-ySearch in Google Scholar
22 H. J. Tanudjaja , V. V.Tarabara, A. G.Fane and J. W.Chew: Effect of cross-flow velocity, oil concentration and salinity on the critical flux of an oil-in-water emulsion in microfiltration. J. Membrane. Sci.530 (2017) 11–19. 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.02.011Search in Google Scholar
23 B. Wei , L.Lu, W.Pu, F.Jiang, K.Li, L.Sun and F.Jin: From Phase Behavior to Understand the Dominant Mechanism of Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer Flooding in Enhancing Heavy Oil Recovery. J. Surfact. Deterg. 20 (2017) 355–366. 10.1007/s11743-016-1920-xSearch in Google Scholar
© 2020, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich
