Abstract
This study investigates the effects of process parameters on the quality of products fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM), such as surface roughness and tensile strength. Polylactic acid (PLA) samples were built on a FDM machine at various layer thicknesses, nozzle temperature and deposition head velocity. The effect of cooling the samples during the process was also considered. The experimental study was performed according to a mixed type Taguchi L16 orthogonal array. The effectiveness of each parameter was also discussed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The tensile strength results were compatible with the optical images of the fracture surfaces while the surface roughness results were compatible with the surface topography of the parts along the thickness. The two dominant quality characteristics were found to be layer thickness and deposition head velocity. Lower layer thickness values yielded higher tensile strength and lower surface roughness. Use of a cooling fan and nozzle temperature were found to be the least effective parameters. Finally, the results indicated that tensile strength and surface quality of the FDM samples improved about 25 %, and 12 %, respectively at optimal process conditions.
Kurzfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird über Untersuchungen zu den Auswirkungen der Prozessparameter im Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) auf die Qualität der Teile berichtet, die Oberflächenrauheit und die Zugfestigkeit. Hierzu wurden Teile aus Polymilchsäure (Polylactic Acid (PLA)) auf einer FDM-Maschine mit einer unterschiedlichen Lagendicke, Düsentemperatur und Kopfgeschwindigkeit hergestellt. Der Effekt eines Kühlventilators wurde auch beobachtet. Die experimentelle Studie wurde mittels eines gemischten orthogonalen L16 Array nach dem Taguchi-verfahren ausgeführt. Die Effektivität eines jeden Parameters wurde außerdem mittels Variantenanalyse diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse der Zugfestigkeit wurden den optischen Bildern der Bruchoberflächen zugeordnet, während die Ergebnisse der Oberflächenrauheit der Oberflächentopografie in Dickenrichtung der Teile zugeordnet wurden. Als dominante Faktoren auf die beiden Qualitätscharakteristika wurden die Lagendicke und die Kopfgeschwindigkeit ermittelt. Niedrigere Werte der Lagendicke ergaben eine höhere Zugfestigkeit und eine niedrigere Oberflächenrauheit. Die Anwesenheit eines Kühlventilators und die Düsentemperatur wurden als am wenigsten effektive Parameter identifiziert. Die optimalen Prozessbedingungen der beiden Antworten waren voneinander unterschiedlich. Die Zugfestigkeit der PLA Proben wurden um 25 % verbessert, wenn die Prozessparameter optimal gewählt wurden. In ähnlicher Weise wurde die Oberflächenrauheit um 12 % verbessert.
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