Abstract
As a result of the rapid development of industry, the heavy metal contamination of landfill leachate has become more serious. Adsorption is an effective method that can remove heavy metal ions from landfill leachate. Na-bentonite was selected as the adsorbent for the adsorption of heavy metal ions (lead, cadmium, copper) from landfill leachate in both single and competitive systems. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of contact time, pH value, temperature, and initial concentration on adsorption efficiency. Adsorption behavior was investigated by means of adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and adsorption thermodynamics. The study results show that: 1. The amount of heavy metal ions adsorbed by Na-bentonite increases with increasing contact time, pH value, temperature, and initial concentration of heavy metal ions. 2. Adsorption behavior is suitable for modeling with the Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo second-order kinetic model. 3. The adsorption of lead and cadmium are thermodynamically spontaneous, the adsorption of copper is not spontaneous, and the adsorption processes of lead, cadmium and copper are all endothermic using thermodynamic analysis. 4. Competitive adsorption between lead, cadmium, and copper occurs in competitive systems.
References
1 S.Bathla, T.Jain: Heavy metals toxicity, International Journal of Health Sciences & Research6 (2016), No. 5, pp. 361–3685435/6bb3268a6df9c03ba804a10497b7b6376905Search in Google Scholar
2 P. B.Tchounwou, C. G.Yedjou, A. K.Patlolla, D. J.Sutton: Heavy metals toxicity and the environment, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology101 (2012), pp. 133–16410.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6Search in Google Scholar
3 M. A.Barakat: New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater, Arabian Journal of Chemistry4 (2011), No. 3, pp. 361–37710.1016/j.arabjc.2010.07.019Search in Google Scholar
4 L.Fang, L.Li, Z.Qu, H.Xu, J.Xu, N.Yan: A novel method for the sequential removal and separation of multiple heavy metals from wastewater, Journal of Hazardous Materials342 (2017), pp. 617–62410.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.072Search in Google Scholar
5 J. H.Zhao, J.Liu, N.Li, W.Wang, J.Nan, Z. W.Zhao, F. Y.Cui: Highly efficient removal of bivalent heavy metals from aqueous systems by magnetic porous Fe3O4-MnO2: adsorption behavior and process study, Chemical Engineering Journal304 (2016), pp. 737–746j.cej.2016.07.003Search in Google Scholar
6 A.Kumar, N.Singh, R.Pandey, V.Gupta, B.Sharma: Biochemical and molecular targets of heavy metals and their actions, Biomedical Applications of Metals (2018), pp. 297–31910.1007/978-3-319-74814-6_14Search in Google Scholar
7 E.Alsabahi, S. A.Rahim, W. Y. W.Zuhairi: The characteristics of leachate and groundwater pollution at municipal solid waste landfill of Ibb City, Yemen, American Journal of Environmental Sciences5 (2009), No. 3, pp. 256–26610.3844/ajessp.2009.256.266Search in Google Scholar
8 D. L.Baun, T. H.Christensen: Speciation of heavy metals in landfill leachate: a review, Waste Management & Research22 (2004), No. 1, pp. 3–2310.1177/0734242X04042146Search in Google Scholar
9 H. A.Qdais, H.Moussa: Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by membrane processes: a comparative study, Desalination164 (2004), No. 2, pp. 105–11010.1016/S0011-9164(04)00169-9Search in Google Scholar
10 G. H.Chen: Electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment, Separation & Purification Technology38 (2004), No. 1, pp. 11–4110.1016/j.seppur.2003.10.006Search in Google Scholar
11 N.Meunier, P.Drogui, C.Montané, R.Hausler, G.Mercier, J. F.Blais: Comparison between electrocoagulation and chemical precipitation for metals removal from acidic soil leachate, Journal of Hazardous Materials137 (2006), No. 1, pp. 581–59010.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.050Search in Google Scholar PubMed
12 E.Pehlivan, T.Altun: The study of various parameters affecting the ion exchange of Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+, from aqueous solution on Dowex 50 W synthetic resin, Journal of Hazardous Materials134 (2006), No. 1-3, pp. 149–15610.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.10.052Search in Google Scholar PubMed
13 T. K.Tran, K. F.Chiu, C. Y.Lin, H. J.Leu: Electrochemical treatment of wastewater: selectivity of the heavy metals removal process, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy42 (2017), No. 45, pp. 27741–2774810.1016/j.clay.2016.09.016Search in Google Scholar
14 A. E.Burakov, E. V.Galunin, I. V.Burakova, A. E.Kucherova, S.Agarwal, A. G.Tkachev, V. K.Guptab: Adsorption of heavy metals on conventional and nanostructured materials for wastewater treatment purposes: A review, Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety148 (2017), pp. 702–71210.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.034Search in Google Scholar PubMed
15 M.Agarwal, K.Singh: Heavy metal removal from wastewater using various adsorbents: A review, Journal of Water Reuse & Desalination7 (2017), No. 4, pp. 387–41910.2166/wrd.2016.104Search in Google Scholar
16 R. R.Frost, R. A.Griffin: Effect of pH on adsorption of arsenic and selenium from landfill leachate by clay minerals, Soil Science Society of America Journal41 (1977), No. 1, pp. 53–5710.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100010019xSearch in Google Scholar
17 S.Renou, J. G.Givaudan, S.Poulain, F.Dirassouyan, P.Moulin: Landfill leachate treatment: review and opportunity, Journal of Hazardous Materials150 (2008), No. 3, pp. 468–49310.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.077Search in Google Scholar PubMed
18 A. S.Aljlil, F. D.Alsewailem: Adsorption of Cu & Ni on bentonite clay from waste water, Athens Journal of Natural & Formal Sciences1 (2014), No. 1, pp. 21–3010.30958/ajs.1-1-2Search in Google Scholar
19 A.Mockovciaková, Z.Orolínová, J.Skvarla: Enhancement of the bentonite sorption properties, Journal of Hazardous Materials180 (2010), No. 1–3, pp. 274–28110.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.027Search in Google Scholar PubMed
20 A. S.Özcan, B.Erdem, A.Özcan: Adsorption of acid blue 193 from aqueous solutions onto na–bentonite and dtma–bentonite, Journal of Colloid & Interface Science280 (2004), No. 1, pp. 44–5410.1016/j.jcis.2004.07.035Search in Google Scholar PubMed
21 M. A.Stylianou, V. J.Inglezakis, M. D.Loizidou, A.Agapiou, G.Itskos: Equilibrium ion exchange studies of Zn2+, Cr3+, and Mn2+ on natural bentonite, Desalination & Water Treatment57 (2016), No. 59, pp. 27853–2786310.1080/19443994.2016.1235153Search in Google Scholar
22 T. K.Sen, K.Chi: Adsorption characteristics of zinc (Zn) from aqueous solution by natural bentonite and kaolin clay minerals: a comparative study, Computational Water Energy & Environmental Engineering2 (2013), No. 3B, pp. 1–610.4236/cweee.2013.23B001Search in Google Scholar
23 S. S.Tahir, R.Naseem: Removal of Cr (III) from tannery wastewater by adsorption onto bentonite clay, Separation and purification Technology53 (2007), No. 3, pp. 312–32110.1016/j.seppur.2006.08.008Search in Google Scholar
24 K.Atkovska, B.Bliznakovska, G.Ruseska, S.Bogoevski, B.Boskovski, A.Grozdanov: Adsorption of Fe(ii) and Zn(ii) ions from landfill leachate by natural bentonite, Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy51 (2016), No. 2, pp. 215–222Search in Google Scholar
25 D. A.Glatstein, F. M.Francisca: Influence of pH and ionic strength on Cd, Cu and Pb removal from water by adsorption in Na-bentonite, Applied Clay Science118 (2015), pp. 61–6710.1016/j.clay.2015.09.003Search in Google Scholar
26 M.Vhahangwele, G. W.Mugera, T.Hlanganani: Adsorption of As, B, Cr, Mo and Se from coal fly ash leachate by Fe3+ modified bentonite clay, Journal of Water Reuse & Desalination6 (2016), No. 3, pp. 382–39110.2166/wrd.2015.207Search in Google Scholar
27 M. I.Magzoub, M. S.Nasser, I. A.Hussein, A.Benamor, S. A.Onaizi, A. S.Sultan, M. A.Mahmoudc: Effects of sodium carbonate addition, heat and agitation on swelling and rheological behavior of Ca-bentonite colloidal dispersions, Applied Clay Science147 (2017), pp. 176–18310.1016/j.clay.2017.07.032Search in Google Scholar
28 Z. R.Liu, S. Q.Zhou: Adsorption of copper and nickel on Na-bentonite, Process Safety & Environmental Protection88 (2010), No. 1, pp. 62–6610.1016/j.psep.2009.09.001Search in Google Scholar
29 S. T.Yang, D. L.Zhao, H.Zhang, S. S.Lu, L.Chen, X. J.Yu: Impact of environmental conditions on the sorption behavior of Pb(ii) in Na-bentonite suspensions, Journal of Hazardous Materials183 (2010), No. 1, pp. 632–64010.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.072Search in Google Scholar PubMed
30 ASTM D854-14: Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer, American Society for Testing and Materials International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA (2014) 10.1520/D0854-14Search in Google Scholar
31 ASTM D4318-17: Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils, American Society for Testing and Materials International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA (2017) 10.1520/D4318-17E01Search in Google Scholar
32 D. L.Jensen, T. H.Christensen: Colloidal and dissolved metals in leachates from four danish landfills, Water Research33 (1999), No. 9, pp. 2139–214710.1016/S0043-1354(98)00414-XSearch in Google Scholar
33 S.Mohan, R.Gandhimathi: Removal of heavy metal ions from municipal solid waste leachate using coal fly ash as an adsorbent, Journal of Hazardous Materials169 (2009), No. 1–3, pp. 351–35910.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.104Search in Google Scholar PubMed
34 J. A.Hefne, W. K.Mekhemer, N. M.Alandis, O. A.Aldyel, T.Alajyan: Kinetic and thermodynamic study of the adsorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solution to the natural and treated bentonite, International Journal of Physical Sciences3 (2008), No. 11, pp. 281–288Search in Google Scholar
35 T. W.Tzu, T.Tsuritani, K.Sato: Sorption of Pb(ii), Cd(ii), and Ni(ii) toxic metal ions by alginate-bentonite, Journal of Environmental Protection4 (2013), No. 1, pp. 51–5510.4236/jep.2013.41b010Search in Google Scholar
36 M.Vhahangwele, G. W.Mugera: The potential of ball-milled South African bentonite clay for attenuation of heavy metals from acidic wastewaters: simultaneous sorption of Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ ions, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering3 (2015), No. 4, pp. 2416–242510.1016/j.jece.2015.08.016Search in Google Scholar
37 S.Hashemian, H.Saffari, S.Ragabion: Adsorption of Cobalt(ii) from aqueous solutions by Fe3O4/bentonite nanocomposite, Water Air & Soil Pollution226 (2015), No. 1, pp. 1–10org/10.1007/s11270-014-2212-6Search in Google Scholar
38 N.Moradi, S.Salem, A.Salem: Optimizing adsorption of blue pigment from wastewater by nano-porous modified na-bentonite using spectrophotometry based on response surface method, Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy193 (2017), pp. 54–6210.1016/j.saa.2017.12.010Search in Google Scholar PubMed
39 S. A.Al-Jlil, M. S.Latif: Evaluation of equilibrium isotherm models for the adsorption of cu and Ni from wastewater on bentonite clay, Materiali in Tehnologije47 (2013), No. 4, pp. 481–486544.723:666.322Search in Google Scholar
40 M. R.Khan, R. A.Hegde, M. A.Shabiimam: Adsorption of lead by bentonite clay, International Journal of Scientific Research & Management Studies5 (2017), No. 7, pp. 5800–580410.18535/ijsrm/v5i7.02Search in Google Scholar
41 K. Y.Foo, B. H.Hameed: Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems, Chemical Engineering Journal156 (2010), No. 1, pp. 2–1010.1016/j.cej.2009.09.013Search in Google Scholar
42 L.Largitte, R.Pasquier: A review of the kinetics adsorption models and their application to the adsorption of lead by an activated carbon, Chemical Engineering Research & Design109 (2016), pp. 495–50410.1016/j.cherd.2016.02.006Search in Google Scholar
43 T.Şahan, F.Erol, Ş.Yılmaz: Mercury(II) adsorption by a novel adsorbent mercapto-modified bentonite using ICP-OES and use of response surface methodology for optimization, Microchemical Journal138 (2018), pp. 360–368org/10.1016/j.microc.2018.01.028Search in Google Scholar
44 L.Sellaoui, F. E.Soetaredjo, S.Ismadji, Y.Benguerba, G. L.Dotto, A.Bonilla-Petriciolet, A. E.Rodrigues, A. B.Lamine, A.Ertoh: Equilibrium study of single and binary adsorption of lead and mercury on bentonite-alginate composite: experiments and application of two theoretical approaches, Journal of Molecular Liquids253 (2018) 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.056Search in Google Scholar
45 H.Miloudi, D.Bouazza, M.Adjdir, A.Tayeb, A.Boos: Competitive adsorption of Cu (ii) and Zn (ii) on impregnate raw algerian bentonite and efficiency of extraction, Applied Clay Science151 (2018), pp. 118–12310.1016/j.clay.2017.10.026Search in Google Scholar
© 2019, Carl Hanser Verlag, München