Abstract
After the events of 9/11, the impact of fast flying commercial aircraft is considered as major hazard threatening the Nuclear Power Plant's (NPP) safety. The study of fuel spillage phenomenon and fireball formation is important to understand fire hazards due to burning of dispersed aviation fuel. The detailed analysis of fuel dispersion is very difficult to deliberate because both, large NPP structures and the large size of commercial aircrafts. Sandia National Laboratories, USA conducted impact tests using cylindrical projectiles filled with water to measure the associated parameters. Due to combustion properties and volatile nature of hydrocarbon fuels, the obtained parameters from impact studies using water are incomplete in fire analysis of flammable droplet clouds. A mathematical model is developed for prediction of droplet sizes and distribution associated with the impact of a liquid-containing projectile. The model can predict the transient behavior of droplet cloud. It is validated with experimental data available in literature. In the present study, the analysis has been performed using water and kerosene. The data obtained can be utilized as boundary and initial condition for CFD analysis. This information is useful for fire hazard analysis of aircraft impacts on NPP structures.
Kurzfassung
Seit den Ereignissen des 11. September 2001 wird der Aufprall schnell fliegender Verkehrsflugzeuge als eine große Gefahr für die Sicherheit von Kernkraftwerken wahrgenommen. Die Untersuchung der Phänomene bei der Freisetzung von Treibstoff und der Feuerballentstehung ist wichtig, um die Auswirkungen der Verbrennung von fein verteiltem Flugtreibstoff zu verstehen. Die detaillierte Analyse der Treibstoffausbreitung ist aufgrund der großen KKW-Strukturen und der Größe der kommerziellen Flugzeuge nur sehr schwer zu bewerkstelligen. Die Sandia-National-Laboratories in den USA führten Aufprallversuche mit wassergefüllten zylindrischen Behältern durch, um die damit verbundenen Parameter zu messen. Aufgrund der Verbrennungseigenschaften und der Flüchtigkeit von Kohlenwasserstoff-Kraftstoffen sind die aus den genannten Studien mit Wasser gewonnenen Parameter bei der Brandanalyse von brennbaren Tröpfchenwolken unvollständig. Daher wurde ein mathematisches Modell für die Vorhersage der Tropfengröße und -verteilung im Zusammenhang mit dem Aufprall eines flüssigkeitshaltigen Geschosses entwickelt. Das Modell kann das transiente Verhalten der Tröpfchenwolke vorhersagen. Es wurde mit experimentellen Daten aus der Literatur validiert. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Analyse mit Wasser und Kerosin durchgeführt. Die aus diesem Modell gewonnenen Daten können als Anfangs- und Randbedingungen für CFD-Analysen herangezogen werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analysen unterstützen die Einschätzung der Brandgefahr beim Aufprall von Flugzeugen auf KKW-Strukturen.
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