Abstract
This study investigates residual stresses of the welded joint heat-affected zone for the processes that meet the Chinese and European standards of field rail welding. Furthermore, this study investigates the factory rail welding process and different normalizing methods in China. According to the residual stresses data and the Debye ring test result, the residual stresses distribution of the welded joint meets the Chinese standard and uses induction normalizing treatment resulting in the best service performance and an improvement in grain size uniformity. In the absence of a normalizing process, the ideal welding process that meets the Chinese standard is actually inferior to that which meets the European standard, with regard to a uniform distribution of the residual stresses of the welded joint.
References
[1] J. Zhang , X.Zhang, D.Li, Q.Lv, R.Ma: J. Mater. Res.34 (2019) 3351. 10.1557/jmr.2019.221Search in Google Scholar
[2] D. Tawfik , O.Kirstein, P.JohnMutton, W.K.Chiu: Physica B.385 (2006) 894. 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.242Search in Google Scholar
[3] L.B. Godefroid , G.L.Faria, L.C.Cândido, T.G.Viana: Eng. Fail. Anal.58 (2015) 407. 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.05.022Search in Google Scholar
[4] A. Skyttebol , B.L.Josefson, J.W.Ringsberg: Eng. Fract. Mech.72 (2005) 271. 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2004.04.009Search in Google Scholar
[5] D. Tawfik , O.Kirstein, P.JohnMutton, W.K.Chiu: J. Mater. Process. Technol.196 (2008) 279. 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.05.055Search in Google Scholar
[6] EN14587–2012 Railway applications – Track – Flash butt welding of rails.Search in Google Scholar
[7] TB/T 2344–2012. Railway industry standard of the people's Republic of China.Search in Google Scholar
[8] J. Lin , N.S.Ma, Y.P.Lei, H.Murakawa: J. Mater. Process. Technol.243 (2017) 387. 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.12.021Search in Google Scholar
[9] N.S. Ma , Z.P.Cai, H.Huang, D.Deng, H.Murakawa, J.L.Pan: Mater. Des.88 (2015) 1296. 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.124Search in Google Scholar
[10] M.E. Turan , F.Aydin, Y.Sun, M.Cetin: Eng. Fail. Anal.96 (2019) 525. 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.10.016Search in Google Scholar
[11] C. Li , X.Q.Si, J.Cao, J.L.Qi, Z.B.Dong, J.C.Feng: J. Mater. Sci. Technol.35 (2019) 2470. 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.07.02Search in Google Scholar
[12] R. Porcaro , F.Araújo, L.Godefroid, G.Faria, L.Silva: Soldagem Insp.24 (2019) 2412. 10.1590/0104-9224/SI24.12Search in Google Scholar
[13] M. Ghazanfari , P.H.Tehrani: P. I. Mech. Eng. F-J. Rai.234 (2020) 65. 10.1177/0954409719830189Search in Google Scholar
[14] A.C. Batista , J.P.Nobre, D.F.C.Peixoto, L.A.A.Ferreira, P.M.S.T.de Castro, L.Coelho: Adv. Mater. Res-Switz.996 (2014) 782. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.996.782Search in Google Scholar
[15] H.K. Jun , D.W.Kim, I.S.Jeon, S.H.Lee, Y.S.Chang: Fatigue Fract. Eng. M.40 (2017) 1059. 10.1111/ffe.12564Search in Google Scholar
[16] H. Mansouri , A.Monshi, H.Hadavinia: J. Strain Anal. Eng.39 (2004) 271. 10.1243/030932404323042696Search in Google Scholar
[17] Q. Bai , H.Feng, L.K.Si, R.Pan, Y.Q.Wang: Metall. Mater. Trans. A.50 (2019) 5750. 10.1007/s11661-019-05454-zSearch in Google Scholar
[18] H. Mansouri , A.Monshi: Sci. Technol. Weld. Joi.9 (2004) 237. 10.1179/136217104225012201Search in Google Scholar
[19] Z.M. Zhu , K.G.Fan, H.Liu, Y.D.Yong: Trans. China Weld. Inst.38 (2017) 55.Search in Google Scholar
[20] T. Sasaki , Y.Maruyama, H.Ohba, S.Ejiri: J. Instrum.9 (2014). 10.1088/1748-0221/9/07/C07006Search in Google Scholar
[21] P.F. Zhu , G.Q.Gou, Z.F.Li, M.H.Zhu, Z.Y.Zhu, C.P.Ma, W.Gao: Int. J. Mod. Phys. B.33 (2019) 1940032. 10.1142/S0217979219400320Search in Google Scholar
[22] H.T. Song , Z.Y.Li, Y.W.Guan, Z.K.Gao: Hot Working Technology24 (2009) 140. 10.14158/j.cnki.1001-3814.2009.24.059Search in Google Scholar
© 2020, Carl Hanser Verlag, München