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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by University of Chicago Press 2016

Using Apostrophes

From the book The Chicago Guide to Grammar, Usage, and Punctuation

  • Bryan A. Garner
https://doi.org/10.7208/9780226191294-096
© 2020 University of Chicago Press
From the book
The Chicago Guide to Grammar, Usage, and Punctuation
The Chicago Guide to Grammar, Usage, and Punctuation

Chapters in this book (128)

Frontmatter
Contents
Introduction
I. The Traditional Parts of Speech
Nouns
Traditional Classifications
Properties of Nouns
Plurals
Case
Agent and Recipient Nouns
Conversions
Pronouns
Definition and Uses
Properties of Pronouns
Classes of Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns
Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
Reciprocal Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
Adjectives
Types of Adjectives
Articles as Limiting Adjectives
Dates as Adjectives
Position of Adjectives
Degrees of Adjectives
Special Types of Adjectives
Functional Variation
Verbs
Definitions
Infinitives
Participles and Gerunds
Properties of Verbs
Auxiliary Verbs
Adverbs
Definition and Formation
Simple vs. Compound Adverbs
Types of Adverbs
Adverbial Degrees
Position of Adverbs
Prepositions
Definition and Types
Prepositional Phrases
Other Prepositional Issues
Limiting Prepositional Phrases
Conjunctions
Interjections
II. Syntax
Sentences, Clauses, and Their Patterns
The Four Traditional Types of Sentence Structures
English Sentence Patterns
Clauses
Ellipsis
Negation
Expletives
Parallelism
Cleft Sentences
Traditional Sentence Diagramming
Transformational Grammar
Overview
Base Rules in Transformational Grammar
Nouns and Noun Phrases
Determiners
Noun-Phrase Modifiers
Verb Phrases
Different Types of Principal Verbs
Adverbials
Transformations
Spotting Ambiguities
III. Word Formation
Generally
IV. Word Usage
Introduction
Troublesome Words and Phrases
Bias-Free Language
Prepositional Idioms
V. Punctuation
The Comma
Using Commas
Preventing Misused Commas
The Semicolon
Using Semicolons
Preventing Misused Semicolons
The Colon
Using Colons
Preventing Misused Colons
Parentheses
Using Parentheses
Preventing Misused Parentheses
The Em-Dash (or Long Dash)
Using Em-Dashes
Preventing Misused Em-Dashes
The En-Dash (or Short Dash)
Using En-Dashes
Preventing Misused En-Dashes
The Hyphen
Using Hyphens
Preventing Misused Hyphens
The Apostrophe
Using Apostrophes
Preventing Misused Apostrophes
Quotation Marks
Using Quotation Marks
Preventing Misused Quotation Marks
The Question Mark
Using Question Marks
Preventing Misused Question Marks
The Exclamation Mark
Using Exclamation Marks
Preventing Misused Exclamation Marks
The Period
Using Periods
Preventing Misused Periods
Brackets
Using Brackets
Preventing Misused Brackets
The Slash (Virgule)
Using Slashes
Preventing Misused Slashes
Bullets
Ellipsis Dots
Using Ellipsis Dots
Preventing Misused Ellipsis Dots
Select Glossary
Sources for Inset Quotations
Select Bibliography
Acknowledgments
Word Index
General Index
Pronunciation Guide
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