Emperor Wu Zhao and Her Pantheon of Devis, Divinities, and Dynastic Mothers

N. Harry Rothschild

N. Harry Rothschild

Emperor Wu Zhao and Her Pantheon of Devis, Divinities, and Dynastic Mothers

In: The Sheng Yen Series in Chinese Buddhist Studies

Columbia University Press | 2015

https://doi.org/10.7312/roth16938

Overview
Contents

About this book

Wu Zhao (624–705), better known as Wu Zetian or Empress Wu, is the only woman to have ruled China as emperor over the course of its 5,000-year history. How did she—in a predominantly patriarchal and androcentric society—ascend the dragon throne? Exploring a mystery that has confounded scholars for centuries, this multifaceted history suggests that China's rich pantheon of female divinities and eminent women played an integral part in the construction of Wu Zhao's sovereignty. Her strategy, Rothschild shows, is proof that medieval Chinese women enjoyed a more complex social status than previously known.

Wu Zhao (624–705), better known as Wu Zetian or Empress Wu, is the only woman to have ruled China as emperor. How did she ascend the dragon throne? This multifaceted history suggests that China's rich pantheon of female divinities and eminent women played an integral part in the construction of Wu Zhao's sovereignty.

Author information

N. Harry Rothschild is professor of Asian history at the University of North Florida. He specializes in Tang history and the study of women and gender in China and East Asia. He is also the author of Wu Zhao, China's Only Female Emperor.

Reviews

Stuart H. Young:
[An] informative and entertaining excursion into the religio-political machinations of perhaps the most (in)famous woman in Chinese history.

Highly revealing... The amount of material that has been drawn upon to achieve this result is impressive.

A lively and captivating narrative that is sure to please both specialist and student alike.... Rothschild deserves tremendous applause.

Doris Kearns Goodwin, author of The Bully Pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Golden Age of Journalism:
What an original and remarkable story N. Harry Rothschild tells—of ancestors, power, and leadership. How a woman in an ancient, male-dominated culture employed art and poetry, history and mythology, and ritual and violence to create an ancestral line that consolidated her own gender-bending authority; the story of how Empress Wu invented herself as China's sole female ruler, the Emperor Wu Zhao.

Exhaustively researched...

Suzanne Cahill, University of California, San Diego:
This book is a tour de force of textual analysis and historical detective work that leaves previous sensationalistic accounts of Wu Zhao's rise to power in the dust.

Keith N. Knapp, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina:
With painstaking research, unerring insights, rich prose, and a sense of humor, Rothschild lavishly illustrates the political genius of Wu Zhao, China's only female emperor. Indicating her keen political instincts and expansive knowledge of China's cultural traditions, Rothschild adeptly delineates how, over the span of her fifty-year rule, Wu Zhao selectively made use of different goddesses and heroines to match the specific circumstances of her career's twists and turns.

Jonathan Karam Skaff, author of Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol Neighbors:
Wu Zhao is one of world history's most fascinating figures and the most powerful woman in China's long past. N. Harry Rothschild sheds new light on the ideological underpinnings of Wu Zhao's rise to power and unprecedented female dynasty. The Buddhist prophecies justifying her rule are well known, but Rothschild uncovers a more complex story that includes wise mothers and potent goddesses drawn from the Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist traditions. In lively prose, Rothschild reveals an ever-evolving pantheon of female paragons that Wu Zhao deployed strategically before and after claiming the throne.

Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania:
This is a fascinating study of the only female emperor in the whole of Chinese history. By delving deeply into the religious underpinnings of Wu Zetian's power in a way that not even the most dedicated approach to her utilization of Buddhist scriptures and doctrines alone could manage, this investigation illuminates the unique quality of Wu Zetian's reign far more effectively than previous studies. Emperor Wu Zhao and Her Pantheon of Devis, Divinities, and Dynastic Mothers is a solid piece of well-documented scholarship, yet it is vibrant and entertaining throughout.

Frontmatter Free access PDF PDF	i
Contents Free access PDF PDF	vii
Illustrations Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	xi
Dynasties and Rulers Through the Mid-Tang Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	xiii
Wu Zhao's Titles at Different Stages of Her Career Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	xvii
Reign Eras from 655 to 705 Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	xix
Acknowledgments Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	xxi
Introduction: Wu Zhao and Her Pantheon of Female Political Ancestors Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	1
Part I. Goddesses of Antiquity Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	23
One. Wu Zhao as the Late Seventh-Century Avatar of Primordial Goddess Nüwa Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	25
Two. Sanctifying Luoyang: The Luo River Goddess and Wu Zhao Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	43
Three. First Ladies of Sericulture: Wu Zhao and Leizu Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	60
Part II. Dynastic Mothers, Exemplary Mothers
Four. The Mother of Qi and Wu Zhao: Connecting to Antiquity, Elevating Mount Song Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	79
Five. Ur-Mothers Birthing the Zhou Line: Jiang Yuan and Wu Zhao Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	95
Six. Wenmu and Wu Zhao: Two Mothers of Zhou Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	109
Seven. Four Exemplary Women in Wu Zhao’s Regulations for Ministers Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	124
Part III. Drawing on the Numinous Energies of Female Daoist Divinities
Eight. The Queen Mother of the West and Wu Zhao Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	149
Nine. The Mother of Laozi and Wu Zhao: From One Grand Dowager to Another Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	167
Ten. Rejected from the Pantheon: The Ill-Timed Rise of the Cult of Wei Huacun Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	179
Part IV. Buddhist Devis and Goddesses
Eleven. Dharma Echoes of Mother Māyā in Wu Zhao Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	195
Twelve. Bodhisattva with a Female Body: Wu Zhao and Devi Jingguang Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	209
Conclusions Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	227
Appendix: Wu Zhao’s Pantheon of Female Political Ancestors Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	237
Glossary of Chinese Places, Names, and Terms Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	239
Notes Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	247
Bibliography Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	311
Index Access restricted Content is available PDF PDF	339

Emperor Wu Zhao and Her Pantheon of Devis, Divinities, and Dynastic Mothers

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