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In recent decades, many countries have experienced both a rapid increase of in-migration of foreign nationals and a large-scale devolution of governance to the local level. The result has been new government policies to promote the social inclusion of recently arrived residents. In New Policies for New Residents, Deborah J. Milly focuses on the intersection of these trends in Japan. Despite the country's history of restrictive immigration policies, some Japanese favor a more accepting approach to immigrants. Policies supportive of foreign residents could help attract immigrants as the country adjusts to labor market conditions and a looming demographic crisis. As well, local citizen engagement is producing more inclusive approaches to community.Milly compares the policy discussions and outcomes in Japan with those in South Korea and in two similarly challenged Mediterranean nations, Italy and Spain. All four are recent countries of immigration, and all undertook major policy innovations for immigrants by the 2000s. In Japan and Spain, local NGO-local government collaboration has influenced national policy through the advocacy of local governments. South Korea and Italy included NGO advocates as policy actors and partners at the national level far earlier as they responded to new immigration, producing policy changes that fueled local networks of governance and advocacy. In all these cases, Milly finds, nongovernmental advocacy groups have the power to shape local governance and affect national policy, though in different ways.
Deborah J. Milly is Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. She is the author of Poverty, Equality, and Growth: The Politics of Economic Need in Postwar Japan, winner of the Masayoshi Ohira Memorial Prize.
"New Policies for New Residents is ambitious and smart. Deborah J. Milly embeds her subject capably in several major scholarly literatures and scrutinizes her implicit hypotheses thoroughly."
Betsy Brody:
"Deborah J.Milly's New Policies for New Residents: Immigrants, Advocacy, and Governance in Japan and Beyond is an important contribution to the literature on immigrant integration, providing a new framework for considering the interplay between civil society groups and different levels of government in responding to the challenges created by the reality of immigrant communities. The implications of this research are interesting for immigrants, immigrant advocacy groups and local governments in immigrant-receiving communities, suggesting that there are ways to use the tools of democracy at both the national and local level to promote inclusion of immigrants in local decision making."
Anand Rao:
"Deborah Milly has written an outstanding book that makes for essential reading in a year when the migration of refugees and other displaced peoples has threatened the viability of the European Union more than any other crisis in the nearly 60 years since the European Economic Community was established.... Milly's book will be of great interest to anybody in academia, the policy world, or society at large interested in how immigrant policies are shaped by multilevel politics and the effects of devolution and civil society."
Gregory Kasza, Indiana University, author of One World of Welfare: Japan in Comparative Perspective:
"In New Policies for New Residents, Deborah J. Milly examines the complex interactions and networks that take shape among local and national interest groups, elected officials, bureaucrats, and, in some cases, international policymakers. The sophistication of her treatment is remarkable. I felt I came away from this book with a real understanding of how policies are made."
Reinhard Drifte:
"[This] analysis of immigration and immigrant policies in Japan throws an interesting light on the interaction between national government, local authorities and civil society, and explains why national policy changes—and not just in these policy fields—have only been effected at margins."
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