Abstract
This paper gathers together evidence that the Manichaean cosmogony was originally based on a trinitarian structure (Father, Mother, Child). This basic triad was subsequently expanded into various hypostases as the Manichaean myth evolved over time and across linguistic contexts.
References
BeDuhn, Jason, and Paul A. Mirecki. Frontiers of Faith: The Christian Encounter with Manichaeism in the Acts of Archelaus. Leiden: Brill, 2007. 10.1163/ej.9789004161801.i-181Search in Google Scholar
Böhlig, Alexander. Gnosis und Synkretismus: Gesammelte Aufsätze zur spätantiken Religionsgeschichte. Tübingen: Mohr, 1989. Search in Google Scholar
Böhlig, Alexander. “Manichaeism.” Pages 1519-23 in vol. 5 of The Coptic Encyclopedia. Edited by Aziz S. Atiya. 8 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1991. Search in Google Scholar
Brown, Peter. “The Diffusion of Manichaeism in the Roman Empire.” Journal of Roman Studies 59 (1969): 92-103. 10.2307/299850Search in Google Scholar
Burkitt, F. C. The Religion of the Manichees. New York: AMS Press, 1978. Search in Google Scholar
Cazelais, Serge. “La masculofeminité d’Adam: Quelques témoins textuels et exégèses chrétiennes anciennes de Genèse 1,27.” Revue biblique 114 (2007): 174-188. Search in Google Scholar
Cazelais, Serge. Une interprétation chrétienne de l’Esprit mère et de l’androgynie du logos dans l’Adversus Arium de Marius Victorinus. M.A. Thesis. Québec: Université Laval, 1993. Search in Google Scholar
Cumont, Franz. Recherches sur le manichéisme I. Bruxelles: H. Lamertin, 1908. Search in Google Scholar
Cumont, Franz, and M.-A. Kugener. Recherches sur le manichéisme II. Bruxelles: H. Lamertin, 1912. Search in Google Scholar
Dillon, John. “Female Principles in Platonism.” Ítaca: Quaderns catalans de cultura clàssica 1 (1985): 107-123. Search in Google Scholar
Ferguson, Everett, ed. Encyclopedia of Early Christianity. 2 vols. New York: Garland, 1997. Search in Google Scholar
Franzmann, Majella. Jesus in the Manichaean Writings. New York: T&T Clark, 2003. 10.5040/9780567691392Search in Google Scholar
Gardner, Iain. Kellis Literary Texts: Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxbow, 2007. Search in Google Scholar
Gardner, Iain. “The Reconstruction of Mani’s Epistles from Three Coptic Codices (Ismant el-Kharab and Medinet Madi).” Pages 93-104 in The Light and the Darkness: Studies in Manichaeism and its World. Edited by Paul Mirecki and Jason BeDuhn. Leiden: Brill, 2001. Search in Google Scholar
Gardner, Iain and Klaas Worp. “Leaves from a Manichaean Codex.” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 117 (1997): 139-155. Search in Google Scholar
Gardner, Iain, and Samuel N. C. Lieu. Manichaean Texts from the Roman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 10.1017/CBO9780511616891Search in Google Scholar
Jackson, A. V. W. Researches in Manichaeism: With Special Reference to the Turfan Fragments. New York: Columbia University Press, 1932. Search in Google Scholar
Jonas, Hans. The Gnostic Religion: The Message of the Alien God and the Beginnings of Christianity. Boston: Beacon Press, 1963. Search in Google Scholar
Kasser, Rodolphe. Papyrus Bodmer III: Évangile de Jean et Genèse I-IV, 2 en bohaïrique. Louvain: Secrétariat du CSCO, 1958. Search in Google Scholar
Lieu, Samuel N. C. “Manichaean Technici Termini in the Liber Scholiorum of Theodore bar Kônî.” Pages 245-54 in Il Manicheismo: Nuove Prospettive della Richerca: Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici, Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale,” Napoli, 2-8 Settembre 2001. Edited by Aloïs van Tongerloo and Luigi Cirillo. Turnhout: Brepols, 2005. Search in Google Scholar
Ort, L. J. R. Mani. A Religio-Historical Description of His Personality. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1967. Search in Google Scholar
Payne Smith, Robert, and J. Payne Smith (Mrs. Margoliouth). A Compendious Syriac Dictionary: Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903. Search in Google Scholar
Pettipiece, Timothy. Pentadic Redaction in the Manichaean Kephalaia. Leiden: Brill, 2009. 10.1163/ej.9789004174368.i-244Search in Google Scholar
Polotsky, Hans Jakob. “Manichäismus.” Cols. 241-72 in Paulys Real-Encyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. Neue Bearbeitung, Supplementband VI. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1935. Search in Google Scholar
Reeves, John C. “Manichaean Citations from the Prose Refutations of Ephrem.” Pages 217-88 in Emerging from Darkness: Studies in the Recovery of Manichaean Sources. Edited by Paul Mirecki and Jason BeDuhn. Leiden: Brill, 1997. Search in Google Scholar
Schmidt, Carl, Hans J. Polotsky, and Hugo Ibscher. Ein Mani-Fund in Ägypten: Originalschriften des Mani und seiner Schüler. Berlin: Akademie der Wissenschaften, in Kommission bei W. de Gruyter, 1933. Search in Google Scholar
Stein, Markus. Manichaica Latina, 2: Manichaei epistula fundamenti. Paderborn: F. Schöningh, 2002. Search in Google Scholar
Stein, Markus. Manichaica Latina: 1. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1998. 10.1007/978-3-663-14367-3Search in Google Scholar
Sundermann, Werner. “Cosmogony and Cosmology in Manichaeism.” Pages 13-26 in vol. 1 of idem, Manichaica Iranica: Ausgewählte Schriften. 2 vols. Edited by Christiane Reck. Rome: Istituto italiano per l’Africa e l’oriente, 2001. Search in Google Scholar
Tardieu, Michel. Le Manichéisme. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1981. Search in Google Scholar
Theodore bar Khonai. Liber Scholiorum. Edited by Addai Scher. 2 vols. Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium, scriptores syri series II, t. 65-66. Paris: Carolus Poussielgue, 1910-12. Search in Google Scholar
Van Lindt, Paul. The Names of Manichaean Mythological Figures: A Comparative Study on Terminology in the Coptic Sources. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1992. Search in Google Scholar
Vigne, Daniel. Christ au Jourdain: Le baptême de Jésus dans la tradition judéo - chrétienne. Paris: J. Gabalda, 1992. Search in Google Scholar
Widengren, Geo. Mani and Manichaeism. Translated by Charles Kessler. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965. Search in Google Scholar
©2015 Timothy Pettipiece
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.