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Joseph Farrell and Carl Shapiro have proposed a measure of Upward Pricing Pressure (UPP) as offering a presumption of anticompetitive unilateral effects in a merger. We explain that the underlying framework (which relies on Bertrand competition) is in fact a special case of a more general merger simulation methodology. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the framework as a policy tool.
Keywords: merger analysis; unilateral effects
Published Online: 2010-5-17
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