Abstract
The different options for the reconstruction of the city of Lisbon in the aftermath of the 1755 earthquake are studied with an agent-based model based on randomwalks. This method gives a comparative quantitative measure of mobility of the circulation spaces within the city. The plans proposed for the city of Lisbon signified a departure from the medieval mobility city model. The intricacy of the old city circulation spaces is greatly reduced in the new plans and the mobility between different areas is substantially improved. The simulation results of the random–walk model show that those plans keeping the main force lines of the old city presented less improvement in terms ofmobility. The plans that had greater design freedom were, by contrast, easier to navigate. Lisbon’s reconstruction followed a plan that included a shift in the traditional notions of mobility. This affected the daily lives of its citizens by potentiating an easy access to the waterfront, simplifying orientation and navigability. Using the random-walk model it is shown how to quantitatively measure the potential that synthetic plans have in terms of the permeability and navigability of different city public spaces.
References
[1] Sousa-Rodrigues, D. – Detecçăo de comunidades no sistema de correio electrónico universitário [Community detection in university email systems]. M.Sc Thesis, Departamento de Cięncias e Tecnologias de Informaçăo – ISCTE, Lisbon, Portugal, 2009. Search in Google Scholar
[2] Sousa-Rodrigues, D. – Q-analysis based clustering of online news; Discontinuity, Nonlinearity, and Complexity, 2014, vol. 3(3), 227–236. 10.5890/DNC.2014.09.002Search in Google Scholar
[3] Johnson J. H., Jimenez-Romero C., Sousa-Rodrigues D., Bromley J. andWillis A. – Hypernetwork-based PeerMarking for Scalable Certificated Mass Education; in European Conference in Complex Systems, 2014, Lucca, Italy Search in Google Scholar
[4] Euler, Ls. – Solvtio Problematis Ad Geometriam Sitvs Pertinentis. Commentarii academiae scientiarum Petropolitanae, 1741, 8(53), 128-140. Search in Google Scholar
[5] Hilier, B., & Hanson, J. – The Social Logic of Space: 1989, Cambridge University Press. Search in Google Scholar
[6] Batty, M. – Agent-based pedestrian modelling. In P. A. Longley &M. Batty (Eds.), Advanced spatial analysis: e CASA book of GIS (pp. 81–108). Redlands: ESRI Press, 2003 Search in Google Scholar
[7] Batty, M. – Cities and Complexity: Understanding Cities with Cellular Automata, Agent-Based Models, and Fractals: 2007, The MIT Press. Search in Google Scholar
[8] Batty, M. – The new science of cities. Cambridge, MA: 2013, The MIT Press. 10.7551/mitpress/9399.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
[9] Johnson, J. H. – The multilevel multidimensional networks of complex urban systems. CUPUM 2005 Proceedings. S. Batty. London, CASA (2005). Search in Google Scholar
[10] Marat-Mendes T, Sampayo M. – Étienne de Groër: The different scales of the urban intervention in Lisbon territory. In Ist International Meeting EAHN (European Architectural history Network), Guimarăes, Portugal 2010 Jun 17. Search in Google Scholar
[11] Blanchard, P., & Volchenkov, D. – Exploring Urban Environments By Random Walks, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2008, 1021, 183–203. 10.1063/1.2956796Search in Google Scholar
[12] Blanchard, P., & Volchenkov, D. – Intelligibility and first passage times in complex urban networks. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2008b, 464, 2153–2167. 10.1098/rspa.2007.0329Search in Google Scholar
[13] Blanchard, P., & Volchenkov, D. – Mathematical analysis of urban spatial networks. Berlin: 2009, Springer. 10.1007/978-3-540-87829-2Search in Google Scholar
[14] Marat-Mendes T. – The sustainable urban form: a comparative study in Lisbon, Edinburgh and Barcelona, PhD Thesis, University of Nottingham, UK, 2002. Search in Google Scholar
[15] Moudon A.V. – Built for change. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1986. Search in Google Scholar
[16] Sampayo, M.; Sousa-Rodrigues, D. – The Five Plans for the Aftermath of 1755 Lisbon Earthquake: The Interplay of Urban Public Spaces – In the Proceedings of ISUF Conference 2009 Urban Morphology and urban transformation, 4-7 September 2009, Guangzhou, China. Search in Google Scholar
[17] Sampayo, M, Sousa-Rodrigues, D. – The Persistence of Public Space: Downtown Lisbon; in Roberto Cavallo, Susanne Komossa, Nicola Marzot, Meta Berghauser Pont, Joran Kuijper (eds); New Urban Configurations, 2014, 480-488. Search in Google Scholar
[18] Marat-Mendes, T.,Sampayo, M., Sousa-Rodrigues, D. –Measuring Lisbon Patterns: Baixa from 1650 to 2010. Nexus Network Journal, 2011, 13, 351-372. 10.1007/s00004-011-0079-zSearch in Google Scholar
[19] Sampayo, M. and Marat-Mendes, T. – The plan permanence law in downtown lisbonmaps between 1756 and 1786. InMafalda G. Teixeira de Sampayo; Paula André; TeresaMarat-Mendes, (Eds), Actas da Conferęncia Internacional PNUM 2012 – Portuguese Network of Urban Morphology. ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 2012. Search in Google Scholar
[20] Krüger, M. – A Sintaxe da Cidade de Lisboa Contribuiçőes Para o Desenvolvimento da Cidade. Search in Google Scholar
[Syntax of the city of Lisbon, contributions to the development of the city] 1998, Coimbra: FCTUC. Search in Google Scholar
[21] Heitor, M.;Muchagato, J.; Tostőes, A. – Breaking of the medieval space: The Emergence of a New City of Enlightenment. Paper presented at the Spaces Syntax Second International Symposium, 1999, Brasilia. Search in Google Scholar
[22] Pearson, K. – The Problem of the Random Walk. Nature. 1905, 72, 294. Search in Google Scholar
[23] Krüger, M. T. J. – An approach to built-form connectivity at an urban scale: System description and its representation. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 1979, 6, 67–88. Search in Google Scholar
[24] Sampayo, M. – Forma Urbana da Parte Baixa de Lisboa Destruída: Análise e Avaliaçăo da Cartografia Search in Google Scholar
[Urban Form of the Destructed Lisbon’s Downtown: Analysis and Assessment of the Cartography] (1756-1786), Ph.D Thesis, ISCTE – Instituo Universitário de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2011. Search in Google Scholar
[25] De Groër, E. – Lisbonne exemple d’urbanisation au XVIII sičcle Search in Google Scholar
[Lisbon, example of urbanism in the XVIII century]. La Vie Urbaine, 1936, 32, 71–77. Search in Google Scholar
©2016 Mafalda Teixeira de Sampayo and David Sousa-Rodrigues
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.