Byzantinische Zeitschrift

ISSN: 1868-9027

First published: January 1, 1892

Edited by: Albrecht Berger

About this journal

The Byzantinische Zeitschrift is the leading journal in the field of Byzantine Studies. It publishes articles and reviews on all aspects of Byzantine literature, history, society, and culture. Each issue of the journal contains a large bibliographic section. This so-called III. Abteilung serves as the standard bibliography in Byzantine Studies.

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Supplementary Materials

Topics

Volume 113 Issue 3

August 2020

Inhalt

September 11, 2020

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Titelei

September 11, 2020

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Siglenverzeichnis

September 11, 2020

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Die Hiatregel in den Jamben von Gregor von Nazianz

Claudio De Stefani September 11, 2020

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Abstract

In the Iambs of Gregory of Nazianzus occur many hiatuses: this might suggest that his verses had been composed with carelessness. In fact, if we examine the various kinds of hiatuses, we notice that some of them should not be considered as such, because they occur after words, or along with iuncturae, that usually admit them. There remains, however, a considerable number of hiatus in caesura. The article strives to demonstrate that these hiatuses are due to the imitation of the well-known hiatus in trocaic caesura in the hexameter, which was allowed since Homer’s age. As a matter of fact, in some cases, the same words that produce a hiatus after a trochaic caesura in Homer show an identical one after a caesura in Gregory’s trimeters. Moreover, hexameter and iambic trimeter were frequently juxtaposed by the late ancient metric-grammatical tradition. The article further analyzes the occurence of the hiatus in caesura in the Byzantine dodecasyllables, which, among other reasons, might be due also to the influence of Gregory in Byzantine poetry.

A forgotten translation by Theodorus Gaza unveiled and its context

Guillermo Galán Vioque September 11, 2020

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The emigrant Byzantine humanist Theodorus Gaza (c. 1400 -1475) is well known as a teacher of Greek in various Italian cities, as a copyist of Greek manuscripts, and as a translator of Greek philosophical works into Latin. His undertakings as a translator of Latin works into Greek, among which his version of Cicero’s De senectute deserves mention, have gone relatively unnoticed. In this article we rediscover a largely forgotten translation of Cic. Fam. 1.1, despite it having been printed independently twice (Paris 1542 and 1548) and having been included as an example of translation in the oft reprinted manual of rhetorical exercises, Elementa rhetoricae (first printed in Basel in 1541), by the Lutheran Joachim Camerarius.

Die Wiederentdeckung von Byzanz: Die kretische Ikone von Göttingen und die Koimesis-Darstellung in der byzantinischen und postbyzantinischen Epoche

Markos Giannoulis September 11, 2020

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What are the similarities and the differences of icons from the same workshop depicting the same subject? An important portable icon with the representation of the Dormition of the Virgin, hitherto unknown, preserved today in the Art Collection of the University of Göttingen, helps answering this question. The studydeals with the fascinating journey of this icon from Venetian-dominated Crete in the 15th century to Germany of the 18th century. Furthermore, this paper shows that the icon of Göttingen belongs to a group of a numerous icons that they all derive from the same icon-workshop of the renowned Cretan painters Andreas and Nikolaos Ritzos in Candia. Finally, it turned out that this icon was also the inspiration for Cretan painters of the 17th CE such as Emmanuel Lambardos and Viktor.

Procopius on Theodora: ancient and new biographical patterns

Sergi Grau, Oriol Febrer September 11, 2020

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The Anékdota or Secret History of Procopius of Caesarea tends to raise perplexity among scholars for different reasons, particularly the fact that a courtier wrote this work as well as the Buildings, a clear praise of Justinian through his constructions and foundations, and the Wars, in the most canonical historiographical tradition. It is apparent that the Secret History, as it is usually acknowledged, is related to the tradition of the invective and the pamphlet, even to the earlier classic iambography, but we should try to answer the question with the same analytical tools that have been applied in recent years to the study of ancient biography, whence the author takes inspiration, especially for the portrait of empress Theodora. Here we have identified, alongside the ancient biographical patterns of the classical tradition, new ones, mostly inversions of contemporary hagiographical narratives.

Old statues, new meanings. Literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidence for Christian reidentification of statuary

Ine Jacobs September 11, 2020

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This article examines literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidence for the Christian reidentification of statuary and reliefs as biblical scenes and protagonists, saints and angels. It argues that Christian identifications were promulgated, amongst others by local bishops, to make sense of imagery of which the original identity had been lost and/or was no longer meaningful. Three conditions for a new identification are discussed: the absence of an epigraphic label, geographical and/or chronological distance separating the statue from its original context of display, and the presence of a specific attribute or characteristic that could become the prompt for reidentification. In their manipulation and modernization of older statuary, Christians showed a much greater appreciation of the statuary medium than generally assumed.

Writing letters and chronography in parallel: the case of Michael Glykas’ letter collection and Biblos Chronike in the 12th century

Eirini-Sophia Kiapidou September 11, 2020

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This paper focuses on the 12th-century Byzantine scholar Michael Glykas and the two main pillars of his multifarious literary production, Biblos Chronike and Letters, thoroughly exploring for the first time the nature of their interconnection. In addition to the primary goal, i. e. clarifying as far as possible the conditions in which these two works were written, taking into account their intertextuality, it extends the discussion to the mixture of features in texts of different literary genre, written in parallel, by the same author, based on the same material. By presenting the evidence drawn from the case of Michael Glykas, the paper attempts to stress the need to abandon the strictly applied taxonomical logic in approaching Byzantine Literature, as it ultimately prevents us from constitute the full mark of each author in the history of Byzantine culture.

When Christology intersects with embryology: the viewpoints of Nestorian, Monophysite and Chalcedonian authors of the sixth to tenth centuries

Dirk Krausmüller September 11, 2020

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The notion that the soul comes into existence simultaneously with the body at the moment of conception was originally introduced into the Patristic discourse as an alternative to the Origenist notion of a pre-existing soul. Yet from the sixth century onwards it was itself regarded as an Origenist tenet. Now it was claimed that only those who believed the soul to be created after the body were truly orthodox. The present article examines the links between this development and the Christological conversies.

Eight unedited poems to his friends and patrons by Manuel Philes

Krystina Kubina September 11, 2020

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This article presents the critical edition of eight hitherto unpublished poems by Manuel Philes together with a translation and a commentary. The poems are verse letters addressed to various high-ranking individuals. Poem 1 is addressed to the emperor, whose power is emphasised in a request to help Philes escape from his misery. Poem 2 is a fragment likewise addressed to the emperor. Poem 3 is a consolatory poem for a father whose son has died. In poem 4, Philes addresses a patron whose wife hurried to Constantinople after she had become the object of hostility of unknown people. Poem 5 is addressed to the month of August and deals with the return of a benefactor of Philes to Constantinople. In poem 6, Philes writes on behalf of an unnamed banker and asks the megas dioiketes Kabasilas to judge the latter justly. Poems 7 and 8 are tetrasticha including a request for wine.

„Byzantinisch“ oder „germanisch“? Zur Ambivalenz wilhelminischer Mosaiken am Beispiel der Erlöserkirche in Bad Homburg

Philipp Niewöhner September 11, 2020

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The Erlöserkirche at Bad Homburg was built between 1903 and 1908 at the instigation of Kaiser Wilhelm II. It combines a neo-Romanesque exterior with Norman-Sicilian mosaics inside. Both were „Germanic“ to the emperor, and the church embodied his all encompassing claim to the tradition of the medieval Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. Alternatively, the contemporary Byzantinist Ernst Gerland pointed to a Byzantine origin of the Norman-Sicilian models (and thus subtly contradicted the „pan-Germanic“ myth). This „Byzantine“ reading has prevailed ever since, but does not stand up to scrutiny. It only serves to obscure the „pan-Germanic“ concept of the church. This contribution restores the „Germanic“ understanding and makes the point that the latter must be acknowledged in order to make proper sense of the church’s art and architecture, but also in order to face (rather than to downplay and conveniently forget) the racist-chauvinist character of German imperialism.

Four lead seals of the 11th century from Yozgat

Ergün Laflı, Werner Seibt September 11, 2020

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In the museum of Yozgat in eastern-central Anatolia four eleventh century A.D. seals of Byzantine dignitaries are stored, all of them originate probably from central Anatolia. Basileios Trichinopodes was hypatos and strategos of Anazarbus in Cilicia in the middle of the eleventh century, Katakalon was hypatos and strategos of Larissa in Cappadocia in the third quarter of the same century, a civil dignitary, probably named Pirmanes, was protospatharios and chartoularios of the Bucellarian Theme in the second half of the tenth or early eleventh century, and Samuel Alousianos, a grandson of the last Bulgarian tsar Ivan Vladislav, was proedros and dux, probably fighting the Turkish invaders in Eastern Anatolia during the difficult years in the 1070s.

Die Kirche von Zypern im sogenannten monenergetisch-monotheletischen Streit des 7. Jh.s

Heinz Ohme September 11, 2020

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This essay examines the main sources on the attitude of the Church of Cyprus in the so-called monoenergetic-monotheletic dispute. It is shown that the Church of Cyprus was a loyal and active partner in Constantinople’s policy of reconciliation with the Antichalcedonian churches of the East. Cyprus was also, especially under Archbishop Arkadios (624/25-641/2), a place of exile for opponents of this reconciliation, and in 636 also the venue of an important synod which was attended by legates of almost the whole church. The resulting Ekthesis was approved also in Rome and Jerusalem. Even Maximos did not succeed, after 636, to influence the position of Arkadios through the Cypriot priest monk Marinos. His six letters to Marinos offer no evidence for a dyenergetic or dyotheletic position of the Church of Cyprus. A letter from 643, written by the successor of Arkadios, Sergios (642-655), clearly shows that there was until then no protest against the Constantinopolitan church policy in Cyprus in this time. This letter, which demonstrates the firm dyenergetic and dyotheletic position of the whole Church of Cyprus, was presented at the Lateran Synod of 649, but forged or completely rewritten for this Synod. Even after 643, there is no evidence for public dissent in the Church of Cyprus, nor should it actually be expected.

Breaking silence in the historiography of Procopius of Caesarea

Charles F. Pazdernik September 11, 2020

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Procopius employs the motif of “grieving in silence” to describe the deliberations preceding Justinian’s invasion of Vandal North Africa in 533 (Wars 3.10.7-8) and his vendetta against the urban prefect of Constantinople in 523 (HA 9.41). The particularity of Procopius’ language in these passages makes their collocation especially pronounced. The distance between the Wars and the Secret History, which represents itself breaking the silence between what the Wars can state publicly and the unvarnished truth (HA 1.1-10), may be measured by two “wise advisers” who speak when others are silent: the quaestor Proclus, warmly remembered for his probity, and the praetorian prefect John the Cappadocian, a figure universally reviled. Discontinuities between the presentation of John in the Wars and the merits of the policies he endorses problematize readers’ impressions of not only John but also the relationship between the Wars and the historical reality the work claims to represent.

Manus, quae supplevit, inscripsit scholia Theophili Protospatharii. Galien, Théophile et le commentaire mélange aux Aphorismes d’Hippocrate

Christina Savino September 11, 2020

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Galen’s commentary on the Hippocratic Aphorisms is transmitted by a large amount of Medieval and Renaissance manuscripts. Some of them remarkably display a “mixed” text, in which Galen’s commentary is combined with passages from the later commentator Theophilus. Most important among these is the Marc. gr. V 9 (coll. 1017), which inserts two large passages by Theophilus into the Galenic commentary (i. e. VI 1-38; VII 12-73). Both of them were copied by the late physician and student of John Argyropoulos in Constantinople, Demetrios Angelos, who was not primarly involved in the production, but purchased the manuscript after completion and restored its text using another commentary on the Aphorisms, which he had at his disposal. This paper aims at investigating codicological, paleographical and philological aspects of the Marc. gr. V 9, in order to retrace the origin of its mixed commentary and place it in its historical-cultural context.

The eternal manifestation of the Spirit through the Son: a hypostatic or energetic reality? Inquiry in the works of Gregory of Cyprus and Gregory Palamas

Anne-Sophie Vivier-Mureşan September 11, 2020

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The theological formulation of the “eternal manifestation of the Spirit through the Son”, developed by the patriarch of Constantinople Gregory of Cyprus in the 13th century, has been the subject of numerous studies in the 20th century and played an important role in the renewal of Trinitarian Orthodox theology. The interpretations are however diverging. Most theologians see in this formulation the manifestation of the uncreated energy, which would have been formalized later by Gregory Palamas. Others understand it as a hypostatic reality concerning the third Person of the Trinity. This paper contributes to the discussion by re-analyzing the main texts of Gregory of Cyprus and of Gregory Palamas on this matter. In a first step, we defend the thesis that in the thought of the Byzantine patriarch, this expression truly concerns the hypostasis of the Spirit. In a second step, we question the existence of the theme of an “eternal manifestation” of the uncreated energy in the work of Gregory Palamas.

The Byzantine reception of Aristotle’s Rhetoric: the 12th century Renaissance

Melpomeni Vogiatzi September 11, 2020

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In this paper, I argue that, after centuries of neglect, a revival of interest towards Aristotle’s Rhetoric took place in 12th century Constantinople, which led to the production of a number of commentaries. In order to give an overview of the commentary tradition on the Rhetoric, I examine first the surviving extant commentaries themselves, then the information that the commentators offer regarding their preceding interpretations, and last the traces of commentaries on the Rhetoric found in other treatises. This examination will show that, at least within a specific group of scholars, the Rhetoric was studied and commented upon like never before. Finally, I attempt to explain this revival of interest, especially with respect to the role that philosophical and rhetorical education played in 12th century Byzantium.

Thomas Arentzen. The Virgin in song: Mary and the poetry of Romanos the Melodist, bespr.

Arkadiy Avdokhin September 11, 2020

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Michele Bacci. The mystic cave. A history of the Nativity Church in Bethlehem, bespr.

Beat Brenk September 11, 2020

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Vlastimil Drbal. Pilgerfahrt im spätantiken Nahen Osten (3./4.–8. Jahrhundert), bespr.

Thomas Pratsch September 11, 2020

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Detlef Melsbach. Bildung und Religion. Strukturen paganer Theologie in Salustios’ Περὶ θεῶν καὶ κόσμου, bespr.

Raphael Brendel September 11, 2020

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Hans C. Teitler. The last pagan emperor: Julian the Apostate and the war against Christianity, bespr.

Peter Van Nuffelen September 11, 2020

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Spyros Troianos. Die Quellen des Byzantinischen Rechts, bespr.

Lorena Atzeri September 11, 2020

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Totentafel

September 11, 2020

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Tafelanhang

Markos Giannoulis, Philipp Niewöhner September 11, 2020

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Volume 113 (2020)

Volume 112 (2019)

Volume 111 (2018)

Volume 110 (2017)

Volume 109 (2016)

Volume 108 (2015)

Volume 107 (2014)

Volume 106 (2014)

Volume 105 (2013)

Volume 104 (2012)

Volume 103 (2011)

Volume 102 (2010)

Volume 101 (2009)

Volume 100 (2008)

Volume 99 (2007)

Volume 98 (2006)

Volume 97 (2005)

Volume 96 (2004)

Volume 95 (2003)

Volume 94 (2001)

Volume 93 (2000)

Volume 92 (1999)

Volume 84-89 (1998)

Issue s2

Volume 89-90 (1998)

Issue s3

Volume 91 (1998)

Volume 90 (1997)

Volume 89 (1996)

Volume 88 (1995)

Volume 86-87 (1994)

Volume 84-85 (1992)

Volume 83 (1990)

Volume 82 (1989)

Issue 1-2

Volume 81 (1988)

Volume 80 (1987)

Volume 79 (1986)

Volume 78 (1985)

Volume 77 (1984)

Volume 76 (1983)

Volume 75 (1982)

Volume 74 (1981)

Volume 73 (1980)

Volume 72 (1979)

Volume 71 (1978)

Volume 70 (1977)

Volume 69 (1976)

Volume 68 (1975)

Volume 67 (1974)

Volume 66 (1973)

Volume 65 (1972)

Volume 64 (1971)

Volume 63 (1970)

Volume 62 (1969)

Volume 61 (1968)

Volume 60 (1967)

Volume 59 (1966)

Volume 58 (1965)

Volume 57 (1964)

Volume 56 (1963)

Volume 55 (1962)

Volume 54 (1961)

Volume 53 (1960)

Volume 52 (1959)

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Volume 50 (1957)

Volume 49 (1956)

Volume 48 (1955)

Volume 43 (1950)

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Volume 41 (1941)

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Volume 36 (1936)

Volume 35 (1935)

Volume 34 (1934)

Volume 33 (1933)

Volume 32 (1932)

Volume 31 (1931)

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Volume 29 (1930)

Volume 30 (1929)

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Volume 28 (1928)

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Volume 27 (1927)

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Volume 10 (1901)

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Volume 8 (1899)

Volume 7 (1898)

Volume 6 (1897)

Volume 5 (1896)

Volume 4 (1895)

Volume 3 (1894)

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Editorial

Editor

Albrecht Berger, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München.

Editorial Board

Panagiotis Agapitos (Nicosia), Bernard Flusin (Paris), Geoffrey Greatrex (Ottawa), John Haldon (Princeton), Paul Magdalino (St Andrews), Jan Olof Rosenqvist (Uppsala), Claudia Sode (Köln), Juan Signes Codoñer (Valladolid), Vasiliki Tsamakda (Mainz), Ioannis Vassis (Rhethymno), Niccolò Zorzi (Padova)

Editorial Office

Institut für Byzantinistik, Neogräzistik und Byzantinische Kunstgeschichte
Universität München
Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1
D-80539 München
E-Mail: bz-redaktion@lrz.uni-muenchen.de