Instructions for authors
Authors are encouraged to consult the following
guidelines that describe types of articles, ethical guidelines, and preparation of manuscript.
Submission
To submit a manuscript to IJFE, please visit our ScholarOne Manuscripts site.
As per De Gruyter policy, no author list changes are permitted after acceptance of an article. The De Gruyter production team is instructed to enforce this policy during the production/proofing process.
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International Journal of Food Engineering Instructions for Authors
Manuscript Preparation Guidelines
This document provides authors with details on policy, copyediting, formatting, and layout requirements pertaining to final manuscript submission to the International Journal of Food Engineering (IJFE). All manuscripts must have correct formatting to be considered for publication.
The manuscript submission and review process are handled through ScholarOne Manuscripts.
All manuscripts should be submitted to
http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/dgijfe
Editorial Policy
Unpublished material: Submission of a manuscript implies that the work described is not copyrighted, published or submitted elsewhere, except in abstract form. The corresponding author should ensure that all authors approve the manuscript before its submission.
Copyright: Manuscripts are accepted on condition of transfer of copyright (for U.S. government employees: to the extent transferable) to the International Journal of Food Engineering. Once the manuscript is accepted, it may not be published elsewhere without the consent of the copyright holders.
As per De Gruyter policy, no author list changes are permitted after acceptance of an article. The De Gruyter production team is instructed to enforce this policy during the production/proofing process.
Types of Articles
The majority of papers published in IJFE are full-length research articles reporting original, scientifically sound research or providing new insight into or ideas about food engineering. Manuscripts must contribute new knowledge and be presented with good scientific writing.
In this light, manuscripts dedicated purely to the following topics are not encouraged:
- Optimization of established experimental procedures without providing insights with relation to food engineering
- Empirical modelling of kinetics without addressing the effects of food microstructures or properties
- Using statistical techniques to fit experimental data against empirical models
- Models using neural networks.
Manuscripts describing the characterization of novel food products or food materials after certain treatments using well established techniques — for example, the rheological properties of a new hydrocolloid — should provide exhaustive experimental work and analysis.
In addition to full-length research articles, the journal also accepts short communications, letters to the editor, critical reviews, and hypotheses for publication.
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Before you begin
Care and use of animals
Studies must follow the International Codes of each area. Manuscripts that involve experimentation with living animals (including human beings) must provide evidences that they were performed in accordance with local ethical guidelines. Authors are expected to adhere to established ethical best practices. These evidences must be officially stated in the “Materials and Methods” section, describing that the study was evaluated and approved by an appropriate ethical committee (including the process number).
Human subjects research
International Journal of Food Engineering requires that research involving human subjects, including surveys, sensory panels, and other participation, complies with all appropriate laws, regulations, and policies.
Changes to authorship
Authors should consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript. The definitive list of authors should be provided at the time of the initial submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the acceptance of the manuscript and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the authors: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. The Editor retains the right to determine whether the addition or deletion of authors should be performed or not. The addition of deletion of author names in proofs is strictly prohibited.
Submission
Cover letter
A cover letter must accompany the manuscript, stating the significance and the novelty of the work. The letter should provide the submitting author’s name, postal and e-mail addresses, and telephone and fax numbers. All Editorial correspondence concerning receipt, status, review, revision, and publication of manuscripts will be sent only to the person who has submitted the manuscript. The submitting author is responsible for communicating the manuscript status to all co-authors of the paper. The cover letter must include a paragraph justifying the importance of the work (<150 words), which should not be a repetition of the abstract. Note that manuscripts submitted to IJFE are expected to provide new insight into or ideas about food engineering.
Suggested reviewers
Authors must suggest a minimum of four to six persons competent to review their manuscript during submission. This will assist the IJFE Editorial team in identifying capable reviewers, although there is no guarantee that any of the suggested reviewers will be used. The authors must adhere to the following guidelines:
- Include affiliation and institutional e-mail (e.g. not Gmail or Yahoo addressees) of the suggested reviewers.
- Justify the selection of each reviewer in connection to the paper.
- Suggest reviewers from different geographic areas.
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Preparation of Manuscripts
General
Manuscripts should be submitted as Word, docx, rtf, or LaTex files. Only use Unicode fonts (e.g., Times New Roman or Arial) at 12 points with double spacing (in Microsoft Word). Headings (e.g., title of sections) should be distinguished from the main body text with a clear hierarchy; headline case should be consistent throughout the manuscript.
If your manuscript contains special characters, equations, etc., please make sure to also supply a PDF version as a reference file. This will be used to ensure any formatting issues introduced during the submission process can be corrected accurately. Authors should check carefully the PDF document created at the end of the submission process to verify that equations, special symbols, figures, etc. are converted correctly. It is the author’s responsibility to confirm that this PDF document, which will be sent for peer review, faithfully represents the original manuscript.
Any author who is not fully fluent in idiomatic English is urged to obtain assistance with manuscript preparation from a fluent colleague or from professional editorial services.
Manuscripts with poor English can be directly rejected by the Editors before peer review.
For authors working with LaTeX files, please see the related files and documentation includes a template for author use and instructions for working with the files available on the Journal’s website.
The authors are responsible for obtaining any permission necessary to reproduce tables, figures, charts, schemes, photographs, text excerpts, etc., from the copyright owner, even if it is her/his own material. This material should be clearly referenced in the manuscript.
All foreign terms (such as Latin words) and mathematical variables should be set in italics. The use of abbreviations and acronyms is permitted provided they are defined the first time they are used. A nomenclature is not required if all symbols are described in the text, but it is encouraged for manuscripts that include many (e.g. >20) variables.
Manuscripts should follow the Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI).
The following units notations are preferred: m2/(kg s2) or m2 kg-1 s-2.
The various sections of the manuscript should be assembled in the following sequence:
Title and authorship (single page)
Abstract and keywords (single page)
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results/Discussion
Abbreviations and Nomenclature
Acknowledgement
References (Vancouver style)
Tables
Figure captions
Each section should be clearly defined and numbered. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, …), 1.2, etc. The abstract is not included in section numbering.
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Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Title
A paper should have a short (maximum 50 words), straightforward title directed at the general reader. Lengthy systematic names and complicated and numerous chemical formulae should therefore be avoided where possible. Statements of priority or use of colons is discouraged. The use of nonstandard abbreviations and symbols in a title is not encouraged.
Author names and affiliations
Authorship must be limited to those who have contributed substantially to the work. Use first names, initials, and surnames (e.g., John R. Smith) or first initials, second names, and surnames (e.g., J. Robert Smith). Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Use superscripts to match authors with institutions. At least one author must be designated as the “Corresponding Author” The corresponding author can be different from the submitting author.
The affiliation(s) listed should be the institution(s) where the work was conducted. If the present address of an author differs from that at which the work was done, the current address should be given in a footnote. The postal and e-mail addresses, and telephone and fax numbers of the corresponding author should be provided as the last entry in the address portion on the title page, in addition to the information that has been provided in the cover letter. Only the contact details of the corresponding author would appear in the printed manuscript.
Abstract
Provide an abstract of no more than 150 words. Abstracts should explain to the general reader the major contributions of the article. References in the abstract must be cited in full within the abstract itself and cited in the text.
Keywords
Keywords are required during the manuscript submission process. At least three (3) keywords are required at submission.
Introduction
The Introduction should clearly state the aim of the work, preferably no longer than two (2) pages. It should provide up to date background information. The current knowledge and the existing problem should be discussed in order to clarify the scientific interest of the submitted work.
Materials and Methods
Describe procedures in sufficient detail that the work can be repeated. Text should be concise and avoid details not essential or available in previous publications.
Results and Discussion
Only strictly relevant results should be presented, and figures, tables, and equations should be used for purposes of clarity and brevity. The use of flow diagrams and reaction schemes is encouraged. Data must not be reproduced in more than one form, e.g. in both figures and tables, without good reason.
Results and Discussion may be combined into a single section or separated into two sections. In the latter form, the results section should not contain discussion of previously
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published work. The discussion section should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat the description of tables and figures that are already described in the results section.
Conclusions
This is for interpretation and to highlight the novelty and significance of the work. The conclusions should not summarize information already present in the text or abstract or introduce new information or discussions.
Acknowledgments
Contributors other than co-authors may be acknowledged in a separate paragraph at the end of the paper; acknowledgments should be as brief as possible. All sources of funding should be declared.
Appendices
An appendix, if desired, shall follow the References section. If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc.
Figures
Submit all figures as separate files. Acceptable formats include TIFF, EPS, and JPG. All illustrations must be of reproduction-ready quality and they will be reduced in size to fit, whenever possible, the width of a single column (9 cm). Lettering inside figures should be kept to a minimum. They should be uniform in style (preferably a sans serif typeface like Helvetica or Arial) and of sufficient size (ca. 8 pt.). Uppercase letters A, B, C, etc. should be used to identify parts of multi-part figures.
Provide captions to illustrations separately at the end of the main manuscript; do not include a caption on the figure.
Halftone figures (grayscale and color) should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi andbe of good contrast. Authors are welcome to submit color illustrations. We are pleased to offer both Print and Online publication of color figures free of charge.
Line drawings must be of reproduction-ready quality. Please note that faint shading maybe lost upon reproduction. When drawing bar graphs, use patterning instead of grey scales. Lettering of all figures should be uniform in style. A resolution of 1200 dpi is recommended.
Graphs from instruments should be replotted using appropriate graphing software. Pointsshould be preferably used for experimental data, whereas lines without points should be used for plotting equations (for example for fitting purposes). Avoid the use of points with lines. If lines are used which are just a guide to the eye, mention it explicitly in the figure caption.
Figure Captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Figure captions should typed (double-spaced) on a separate page at the end of the main manuscript. For figures with multiple panels, the first sentence of the legend should be a brief overview of the entire figure. Graphs should include clearly labelled error bars described in the figure caption. Authors must state whether a number that follows the ± sign is a standard error (SEM) or a standard deviation (SD). The number of independent data points (N) represented in a graph must
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be indicated in the caption. Statistical analysis should be done on all available data and not just on data from a “representative experiment.” Statistics and error bars should only be shown for independent experiments and not for replicates within a single experiment.
Tables
Tables included in the text of papers should be short and limited to those needed by the average reader to understand the research reported. Such tables should not duplicate information included in the figures. Number tables consecutively using Arabic numbers, and reference them in the text as Table 1, etc. Use Table 1, etc. in the table legend.
Authors must state whether a number that follows the ± sign is a standard error (SEM) or a standard deviation (SD). The number of independent data points (N) represented in a graph must be indicated in the legend.
Statistical analysis of data presented in tables is encouraged, when applicable, for the reader’s convenience. Use letter superscripts next to the numbers to show if they are statistically different or not. Tables must not be displayed as images.
Mathematics and Equations
- Roman letters used in mathematical expressions as variables must be italicized. Roman letters used as part of multi-letter function names should not be italicized. Subscripts and superscripts must be a smaller font size than the main text.
- Type short mathematical expressions inline.
- Longer expressions must appear as display math, as must expressions using many different levels (e.g., fractions).
- Ensure that Equations are typed or created with a plug-in, such as Word Formula Editor or MathType. Mathematical expressions must not be displayed as images.
- Important definitions or concepts can also be set off as display math.
- Number your equations sequentially.
- Insert a blank line before and after each equation.
- Whether equation numbers are on the right or left is the choice of the author(s). However, make sure to be consistent in this.
- When proofing your document, pay particular attention to the rendering of the mathematics, especially symbols and notations drawn from other-than-standard fonts.
References
Please use Vancouver Style for references.
Ensure that every reference cited within the text is also present in the reference list, and vice versa.
Accepted articles should be referenced using their DOI number.
Refer to the end of this document for detailed examples of references.
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Submission Checklist
Prior to submitting the manuscript to the Journal for review, please ensure that the following items are included:
The contact details of the corresponding author: o Email address
o Full postal address o Phone numbers
All necessary files containing:
- Title
- Abstract
- Keywords
- All figures (submitted as separate files)
- All figure captions
- All tables (submitted as separate files), including title, description, and footnotes
Further considerations:
- Manuscript has been checked for “Spelling & Grammar” in the word processing software
- References are in the correct format for the Journal
Please consult these Instructions for Authors for further details about any item.
Offprints
The electronic files of typeset articles in Adobe Acrobat PDF format are provided free of charge; corresponding authors receive notification that their article has been published online. Paper offprints can be ordered in addition; an offprint order form will accompany the page proofs and should be completed and returned with the corrected proofs immediately.
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Vancouver Reference Style
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In-text citation
Single reference
Series of references
Range of references
Citation order
Issue numbers
Reference list
Reference type
Reference list label
- Journal
- Journal with supplement
- Collaboration
- et al. usage (more than 6 authors = 6 authors + et al.)
- Epub ahead of print
- Journal – in press
- Book/monograph
- Book with edition
- Edited book
- Edited book with chapter title and
[1]
[2, 8, 25]
[5–12]
Sequential
Not allowed
Example
Numbered without bracket
- Raustorp A, Mattsson E, Svensson K, Costa PT Jr. Physical activity, body composition and physical self-esteem: a 3-year follow-up study among adolescents in Sweden. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006;16:258–66.
- Sallis JF, Saelens BE. Assessment of physical activity by self-report: status, limitations, and future directions. Res Q Exerc Sport 2000;71(2 Suppl):S1–14.
- WHO. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology 2012;55:2005–23.
- Kaye K, Day RD, Hair EC, Moore KA, Hadley AM, Teixeira PJ, et al. Parent marital quality and the parent-adolescent relationship: effects on sexual activity among adolescents and youth. Marriage Fam Rev 2009;45:270–88.
- Mason EB, Burkhart K, Lazebnik R. Adolescent stress management in a primary care clinic. J Pediatr Health Care 2018 Sep 3. DOI: 10.1016/j. pedhc.2018.08.001 [Epub ahead of print].
- Tappy L, Lara KA. Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity. Physiol Rev, in press.
- Shek DTL, Sun RCF, Merrick J. University and college students. Health and development issues for the leaders of tomorrow. New York: Nova Science; 2013.
- Joannopoulos JD, Johnson SG, Winn JN, Meade RD. Photonic crystals: molding the flow of light, 2nd ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2008:350 p.
- Shek DTL, Ma C, Yu L, Merrick J, editors. Human developmental research. Experience from research in Hong Kong. New York: Nova Science; 2014.
- Halpen-Felsher BL, Morrell HE. Preventing and reducing tobacco use. In: Berlan ED, Bravender T, editors. Adolescent medicine today: a guide to
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editors
11. Edited book series
12.
Proceedings/Confere
nces
- Electronic
publications (Available from)
- Electronic
publications (Accessed)
15.
Thesis/Dissertation
- Report
- Patent
- Standards
caring for the adolescent patient [Internet]. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co.; 2012.
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11. Forghieri F, Tkach RW, Chraplyvy AR. Optical fiber telecommunications, Kaminov IP, Koch TL, editors. San Diego, CA: Academic; 1997, vol IIIA.
- Musaka K, Akasaka Y, Suzuki Y, Kamiya T. Novel network fiber to manage dispersion at 1.55 µm with combination of 1.3 µm zero dispersion single mode fiber. In: Proceedings of the symposium on robotics, mechatronics and animatronics in the creative and entertainment industries and arts. SSAISB 2005. University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK; 2005.
13. IASO. Epidemiology of childhood overweight & obesity in India: a systematic review. International Association for the Study of Obesity; 2012. Available from: http://www.iaso.org/iotf/obesity/obesitytheglobalepidemic
- IPAQ Group. Guidelines for data processing and analysis of the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) – short and long forms [Online]. Available from: https://sites.google. com/site/theipaq/scoring-protocol [Accessed 4 Apr 2013].
- Cotruvo, J. Kinetic model for chlorophyll degradation [Ph.D. thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 1996.
- Rowe IL, Carson NE. Medical manpower in Victoria. East Bentleigh (AU): Monash University, Department of Community Practice; 1981. 35 p., Report No. 4.
- Pagedas AC. Flexible endoscopic grasping and cutting device and positioning tool assembly. United States patent 20020103498, 2002.
- Frequency response and bias, NERC Reliability Standard BAL-003-0.1b, May 2009 [Online]. Available from: http://www.nerc.com/files/BAL-003-0_1b.pdf
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