Open Physics Volume 9 Issue 6

Open Physics

Volume 9 Issue 6

Contents
Journal Overview

The Airy transform and associated polynomials

Danilo Babusci, Giuseppe Dattoli, Dario Sacchetti October 15, 2011

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Abstract

The Airy transform is an ideally suited tool to treat problems in classical and quantum optics. Even though the relevant mathematical aspects have been thoroughly investigated, the possibilities it offers are wide and some features, such as the link with special functions and polynomials, still contain unexplored aspects. In this note we will show that the so called Airy polynomials are essentially the third order Hermite polynomials. We will also prove that this identification opens the possibility of developing new conjectures on the properties of this family of polynomials.

Proton-proton correlations in dp and 16Op interactions

Viktor Glagolev, Gabriela Martinská, Jan Mušinský, Jozef Urbán, Khosim Olimov, Anvar Yuldashev October 15, 2011

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Abstract

Correlations between two protons emitted in dp and 16Op collisions at momenta 3.3 GeV/c and 52.6 GeV/c, respectively, are presented. The experimental data have been obtained using the one metre hydrogen bubble chamber exposed to nuclear beams from the synchrophasotron, JINR, Dubna. Data show a clear interference effect as expected for identical fermions. A Gaussian parametrization is used to determine the size of the proton emission source. The root mean square radius of the proton source calculated from the correlation function has been found to be equal to (2.10−0.35+0.43) fm and (2.67−0.38+0.54) fm for d and 16O respectively. It agrees with the known radii of these nuclei.

Analysis of Δ0(1232) production in collisions of protons with carbon nuclei at 4.2 GeV/c

Khusniddin Olimov, Mahnaz Haseeb, Alisher Olimov, Imran Khan October 15, 2011

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Abstract

The production of Δ0(1232)-resonances in p+12C collisions at 4.2 GeV/c was analyzed with 4π acceptance. The mass distribution of Δ0(1232) was reconstructed using an angular criterion. The fraction of charged π −-mesons coming from Δ0(1232) decay was estimated and compared to those obtained in earlier works. The momentum, transverse momentum, kinetic energy, and rapidity distributions as well as invariant cross sections of Δ0(1232)-resonances were reconstructed in the laboratory frame. The mean kinematical characteristics of the reconstructed Δ0(1232) were compared to those of participant protons in experiment and within some of the models. The freeze-out temperature of Δ0(1232) estimated in the present analysis was compared with those obtained using different methods for Δ(1232) produced with other sets of colliding nuclei at various incident energies. The relative number of nucleons excited to Δ0 (1232) at freeze-out conditions in p+12C collisions was estimated.

Comparison between decoherence time for a two-state spin ½ system with its corresponding quantum retrieval period

Afshin Shafiee, Arash Tirandaz October 15, 2011

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Abstract

The evolution of a two-state quantum system (a spin ½ particle) in both the framework of standard quantum mechanics and under the decoherence regime is considered. The former approach on this issue is the well-known quantum flipping process of a dichotomic system subjected to a time-dependent magnetic field. In the latter approach, the Spin-Boson model is utilized to describe the interaction of system with its environment and the Born-Markov master equation is derived to obtain the decoherence time. It is possible to show that under certain conditions, one may find a potential conflict between the predictions of decoherence theory and the result observed in a typical quantum flipping experiment.

Characterization of the surface topography and nano-hardness of Cu/Ni multilayer structures

Edyta Kulej, Barbara Kucharska, Grzegorz Pyka, Monika Gwoździk October 15, 2011

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Abstract

This article describes the results of a study of Cu/Ni multilayer coatings applied on a monocrystalline Si(100) silicon substrate by the deposition magnetron sputtering technique. Composed of 100 bilayers each, the multilayers were differentiated by the Ni sublayer thickness (1.2 to 3 nm), while maintaining the constant Cu sublayer thickness (2 nm). The multilayer coatings were characterized by assessing their surface topography using atomic force microscopy and their mechanical properties with nano-hardness measurements by the Berkovich method. The tests showed that the hardness of multilayers was substantially influenced by the thickness ratio of Cu and Ni sublayers and by surface roughness. The highest hardness and, at the same time, the lowest roughness was exhibited by a multilayer structure with a Cu-to-Ni sublayer thickness ratio of 2:1.5.

Interplay of information quantifiers and the modified Jaynes-Cummings model

Sayed Abdel-Khalek, Angelo Plastino, Abdel-Shafy Obada October 15, 2011

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Abstract

The dynamics of the Buck and Sukumar model (B. Buck and C. V. Sukumar, Phys. Lett. A 81, 132 (1981)) is investigated using different semi-classical information-theory tools. Their interplay reveals somewhat unexpected features. A new signature for the classical-quantum barrier is encountered thereby.

Large transverse momentum lepton pair production at the Large Hadron Collider

Rui-tao Yin, Yong-ping Fu, Yun-de Li October 15, 2011

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Abstract

We study the large transverse momentum distribution of lepton pairs produced in heavy-ion collisions, making use of the perturbative QCD. Referring to the calculation of the parton-parton production process into lepton pairs at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), the production of lepton pairs at large transverse momentum is extended to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The contribution of the parton-parton production process into lepton pairs in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC is calculated, including the complete processes at large transverse momentum. Lepton pair production with the direct single photon process and the resolved single photon process are considered and confirmed to be significant at the LHC.

Roughness and fractality of fracture surfaces as indicators of mechanical quantities of porous solids

Tomáš Ficker, Dalibor Martišek October 15, 2011

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Abstract

The 3D profile surface parameter H q and fractal dimension D were tested as indicators of mechanical properties inferred from fracture surfaces of porous solids. High porous hydrated cement pastes were used as prototypes of porous materials. Both the profile parameter H q and the fractal dimension D showed capability to assess compressive strength from the fracture surfaces of hydrated pastes. From a practical point of view the 3D profile parameter H q seems to be more convenient as an indicator of mechanical properties, as its values suffer much less from statistical scatter than those of fractal dimensions.

Co doped ZnO semiconductor materials: structural, morphological and magnetic properties

Adriana Popa, Dana Toloman, Oana Raita, Alexandru Biris, Gheorghe Borodi, Thikra Mustafa, Fumiya Watanabe, Alexandru Biris, Alexandru Darabont, Liviu Giurgiu October 15, 2011

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Structural, morphological and magnetic properties of Zn1−xCoxO (x = 0.01 and 0.03) powdered materials are presented. XRD studies reveal a wurtzite-type structure, while the formation of a Co3O4 secondary phase was evidenced by Raman spectroscopy. A ferromagnetic behaviour with low Curie temperature was evidenced by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) investigation. We suggest that the origin of the ferromagnetism in Zn1−xCoxO powders is probably due to the presence of the mixed cation valence of Co ions via a double-exchange mechanism rather than the real doping effect.

Situations in traffic — how quickly they change

Małgorzata Krawczyk, Cristina Ruiz, Krzysztof Kułakowski October 15, 2011

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Spatio-temporal correlations of traffic intensity are analyzed employing data collected for the motorway M-30 around Madrid during one week in January 2009. We found that the lifetime of these correlations is the shortest in the evening between 6:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. This lifetime represents a new indicator for the amount of attention that is demanded by drivers in given traffic conditions.

On fermion mass hirerachies in MSSM-like quiver models with stringy corrections

Adil Belhaj, Mohammed Benhamza, Salah Ennadifi, Samir Nassiri, Hassan Saidi October 15, 2011

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Abstract

Using instanton effects, we discuss the problem of fermion mass hierarchies in an MSSM-like Type IIA orientifolded model with U(3) × Sp(1) × U(1) × U(1) gauge symmetry obtained from intersecting D6-branes. In the corresponding four-stack quiver, the different scales of the generated superpotential couplings offer a partial solution to fermion mass hierarchies. Using the known data with neutrino masses $$m_{v_\tau } \lesssim 2 eV$$ , we give the magnitudes of the relevant scales.

A cosmological exact solution of generalized Brans-Dicke theory with complex scalar field and its phenomenological implications

Metin Arık, Mehmet Çalık, Nihan Katırcı October 15, 2011

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When the Brans-Dicke theory is formulated in terms of the Jordan scalar field φ, the amount of dark energy is related to the mass of this field. We investigate a solution which is relevant to the late universe. We show that if φ is taken to be a complex scalar field, then an exact solution to the vacuum equations requires that the Friedmann equation possesses both a constant term and one which is proportional to the inverse sixth power of the scale factor. Possible interpretations and phenomenological implications of this result are discussed.

Effect of wet-chemical substrate smoothing on passivation of ultrathin-SiO2/n-Si(111) interfaces prepared with atomic oxygen at thermal impact energies

Heike Angermann, Orman Gref, Bert Stegemann October 15, 2011

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Ultrathin SiO2 layers for potential applications in nano-scale electronic and photovoltaic devises were prepared by exposure to thermalized atomic oxygen under UHV conditions. Wet-chemical substrate pretreatment, layer deposition and annealing processes were applied to improve the electronic Si/SiO2 interface properties. This favourable effect of optimized wet-chemical pre-treatment can be preserved during the subsequent oxidation. The corresponding atomic-scale analysis of the electronic interface states after substrate pre-treatment and the subsequent silicon oxide layer formation is performed by field-modulated surface photovoltage (SPV), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry in the ultraviolet and visible region (UV-VIS-SE).

The influence of hydrochloric acid treatment and temperature on the electro-physical properties of super-thin basalt fibers

Sergey Nikoghosyan, Aram Sahakyan, Vasak Gavalyan, Vachagan Harutyunyan, Aghasi Hovanisyan, Hrant Yeritsyan, Vovik Atoyan, Konstantin Puskulyan, Mark Gerchikov, Narek Hakobyan October 15, 2011

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Electro-physical parameters of super-thin basalt fiber (STBF) from Armenian basalt rocks are measured before and after hydrochloric acid treatment. It is shown that specific resistance and dielectric parameters of super-thin basalt fiber change essentially after hydrochloric acid treatment. The temperature dependence of these parameters was studied too. The probable cause of the change is an increase in the total amount of pores and modification of the share of pores of various sizes in STBF, followed by an increase of absorption of water molecules from the ambient medium. The results (in both alternating and direct electric fields) are interpreted within the framework of the dipole-relaxation mechanism of the polarization of water molecules in STBF pores.

First-principle calculations for electronic structure and bonding properties in layered Na2Ti3O7

Yongliang An, Zhonghua Li, Hongping Xiang, Yongjiang Huang, Jun Shen October 15, 2011

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First-principles calculations of Na2Ti3O7 have been carried out with density-functional theory (DFT) and ultrasoft pseudopotentials. The electronic structure and bonding properties in layered Na2Ti3O7 have been studied through calculating band structure, density of states, electron density, electron density difference and Mulliken bond populations. The calculated results reveal that Na2Ti3O7 is a semiconductor with an indirect gap and exhibits both ionic and covalent characters. The stability of the (Ti3O7)2− layers is attributed to the covalent bonding of strong interactions between O 2p and Ti 3d orbitals. Furthermore, the O atoms located in the innerlayers interact more strongly with the neighboring Ti atoms than those in the interlayer regions. The ion-exchange property is due to the ionic bonding between the Na+ and (Ti3O7)2− layers, which can stabilize the interlayers of layered Na2Ti3O7 structure.

Merging of viral concentration waves in retrograde viral transport in axons

Andrey Kuznetsov October 15, 2011

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This paper develops an analytical solution describing propagation of two viral waves in an axon and applies the obtained analytical solution to investigating the dynamics of merging of these two waves as they move retrogradely toward the neuron body. The viral diffusivity and viral degradation are accounted for in the model. Computational results are presented for two situations: when all dynein motors move with the same velocity and when dynein motor velocity distribution is characterized by a probability density function (pdf). The effect of various model parameters on the time it takes for the waves to merge is discussed. It is proposed that observing the dynamics of wave merging can be used for determining parameters characterizing viral transport, such as the viral diffusivity. This may contribute toward better understanding of viral transport properties and potentially help in developing novel viral detection techniques.

Arbitrary l-state solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the Eckart potential with an improved approximation of the centrifugal term

Jerzy Stanek October 15, 2011

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Applying an improved approximation scheme to the centrifugal term, the approximate analytical solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the Eckart potential are presented. Bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions are obtained in closed forms for the arbitrary radial and angular momentum quantum numbers, and different values of the screening parameter. The results are compared with those obtained by the other approximate and numerical methods. It is shown that the present method is systematic, more efficient and accurate.

A direct connection between quantum Hall plateaus and exact pair states in a 2D electron gas

Wenhua Hai, Zejun Li, Kewen Xiao October 15, 2011

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It is previously found that the two-dimensional (2D) electron-pair in a homogeneous magnetic field has a set of exact solutions for a denumerably infinite set of magnetic fields. Here we demonstrate that as a function of magnetic field a band-like structure of energy associated with the exact pair states exists. A direct and simple connection between the pair states and the quantum Hall effect is revealed by the band-like structure of the hydrogen “pseudo-atom”. From such a connection one can predict the sites and widths of the integral and fractional quantum Hall plateaus for an electron gas in a GaAs-AlxGa1−x As heterojunction. The results are in good agreement with the existing experimental data.

Optimizing a class of linear multi-step methods for the approximate solution of the radial Schrödinger equation and related problems with respect to phase-lag

Theodore Simos October 15, 2011

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In this paper we consider a methodology of optimization of the efficiency of a numerical method for the approximate solution of the radial Schrödinger equation and related problems. More specifically, we show how the methodology of vanishing of the phase-lag and its derivatives optimizes the behaviour of a numerical method.

Preliminary spectroscopic investigation of tacrolimus TiO2 system

Mihai Todica, Luciana Udrescu October 15, 2011

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The effect of air and UV exposure on the tacrolimus was observed by Raman and UV VIS spectroscopy. For moderate time exposure the chemical structure of tacrolimus is not affected. The absorption property of tacrolimus was enhanced by addition of TiO2.

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