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Restoration of Buildings and Monuments

Restoration of Buildings and Monuments

Volume 4 Issue 6

  • Contents
  • Journal Overview
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Inhalt / Contents

December 3, 2014 Page range: I-II
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Editorial

A. Elena Charola December 3, 2014 Page range: 585-586
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The Tower of Beiern Exterior Conservation Project / Das Konservierungsprojekt für die Gebäudehülle des Turmes von Beiern

Α. Ε. Charola, F. Μ. Α. Henriques, J. Delgado Rodrigues, L. Aires- Barros December 3, 2014 Page range: 587-610
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Abstract

The Tower of Beiern is one of the most important monuments of Portugal. The exterior conservation of this structure was carried out in two phases: the first one serving to document the condition of the monument and assess the conservation needed and the second one to complete the actual work. The project was carried out through a three team approach: management, technical support and conservation. The fluid interaction of the three teams was the basis for the successful completion of the project. The minimum intervention principle guided the decisions that had to be taken regarding particular problems.
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Stone Deterioration on the Tower of Belem / Zerstörung des Natursteins am Turm vom Beiern

L. Aires-Barros, M.J. Basto, R.C. Graça, A. Dionisio, J. Delgado Rodrigues, F.M.A. Henriques, A.E. Charola December 3, 2014 Page range: 611-626
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Abstract

The Tower of Belem was constructed using the local Lioz limestone. The stone, in its "typical" variety is very compact and durable. However, different levels in the quarry produce varieties of poorer quality which can vary substantially from it. The presence of iron oxides gives rise to coloured varieties of this stone. The stone may contain many large fossils and also clay-bearing stylolites. The presence of clays in the stone makes it more susceptible to deterioration and, according to their distribution, results in different deterioration patterns. This paper describes the various deterioration patterns found on this structure and their origin. Even the most severe deterioration observed, powdering and flaking, affects mainly the immediate surface, while the stone underneath maintains its compactness.
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Endolithic Microorganisms in the Biodeterioration of the Tower of Beiern / Die Rolle endolithischer Mikroorganismen bei der biologischen Zerstörung am Turm von Beiern

C. Ascaso, J. Wierzchos, J. Delgado Rodrigues, L. Aires-Barros, F.Μ.A. Henriques, Α.E. Charola December 3, 2014 Page range: 627-640
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Abstract

The Tower of Beiern was colonized by various organisms, ranging from endolithic bacteria to higher plants. The paper focuses on the deterioration that the endolithic microorganisms: bacteria and cyanobacteria, algae and funghi, cause on the compact Lioz limestone. The presence of these microorganisms in the subparallel Assuring characteristic of this stone is illustrated as well as their association with the clay minerals present. Their biogeochemical action results in an increase in surface roughness, subsurface porosity and eventual flaking of the stone surface.
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Cleaning of the Tower of Belem / Reinigen des Turmes von Belem

L. Aires-Barros, M.J. Basto, R.C. Graça, A. Dionisio, F.M.A. Henriques, J. Delgado Rodrigues, A.E. Charola December 3, 2014 Page range: 641-652
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Abstract

The cleaning of the exterior masonry of the Tower of Beiern proceeded according to schedule. It was carried out by application of water nebulization, light brushing and final rinsing by nebulized water. Areas that had more resistant stains, received extra brushing while wet and for harder crusts, such as found under corbels or recessed areas, microabrasion was used in conjunction with careful scalpel scraping where necessary. Grey areas resulting from endolithic biocolonization became evident as the cleaning progressed and given the scheduling constraints for the completion of the project, these areas received a lime-wash to give this monument visual homogeneity.
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Selection of Consolidants for Use on the Tower of Belem / Auswahl eines Steinfestigers für den Turm von Belem

J. Delgado Rodrigues, A.P. Ferreiro Pinto, A.E. Charola, L. Aires-Barros, F.M.A. Henriques December 3, 2014 Page range: 653-666
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Abstract

During the exterior conservation project of the Tower of Belem, Lisbon, it was noticed that although most of the Lioz limestone used in its construction was in good condition, some specific areas presented severe powdering and flaking deterioration patterns. These are mainly due to the effect of natural weathering, including anthropogenic air-pollution, on poorer quality Lioz limestone. Since the deterioration affects mainly the immediate surface and subsurface of the stone blocks, the application of stone consolidants was considered as the most appropriate solution for this problem. This paper describes the difficulties encountered in the evaluation of the tested consolidants-an ethyl silicate ester, an acrylic resin and an epoxy resin-applied in situ. The laboratory and on-site testing used in the final selection are described as well as the actual approach to consolidating the different areas that required this treatment.
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The Masonry of the Tower of Belem and its Repointing / Das Mauerwerk des Turmes von Beiern und das Verfugen

F. Μ. A. Henriques, A.E. Charola, L. Aires-Barros, J.Delgado Rodrigues December 3, 2014 Page range: 667-682
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Abstract

The main problem presented by the Tower of Beiern masonry was the high incidence of open joints or joints with poor mortar. This situation had resulted in the infiltration of water into the Tower masonry, particularly on the Ν and W facades. After cleaning and repointing, the presence of this moisture became more evident in dampness stains, which, as the Tower dries out, are disappearing. The paper discusses the laboratory testing carried out for the selection of mortars required both for in-depth filling of joints and voids and for repointing.

Aus der Praxis

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Einbau von 20 Fertiggauben in einer Senioren- Wohnanlage in Michelstadt

H.J. Krolkiewicz December 3, 2014 Page range: 683-685
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Sanierung eines Wohnhauses in La Bourverie (Belgien) mit der neuen diffusionsoffenen Unterdeckbahn 'Pernio Light'

H.J. Krolkiewicz December 3, 2014 Page range: 685-688
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Mitteilungen und Hinweise / Short Notes

December 3, 2014 Page range: 689-690
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Kleiner Veranstaltungskalender / Calendar of Events

December 3, 2014 Page range: 691-692
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WTA - News

December 3, 2014 Page range: 693-706
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Jahrgang: Impressum

December 3, 2014 Page range: 707-708
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Jahrgang: Inhalt / Contents

December 3, 2014 Page range: 709-713
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Autoren Verzeichnis / Author Index

December 3, 2014 Page range: 714-714
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Stichwörter

December 3, 2014 Page range: 715-716
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Key Words

December 3, 2014 Page range: 717-718
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About this journal

We regret the suspension of Restoration of Buildings and Monuments and thank all subscribers.
All published issues will remain available via this webpage.

Aims and Scope

Restoration of Buildings and Monuments (RBM) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research articles, reviews, short communications and guest edited thematic issues in the wide field of conservation, maintenance, restoration and durability of buildings, structures, and monuments. Contributions present latest advancements and recent results from original research, and new experiences from practice. Topics covered by this journal include:

  • Deterioration mechanism
  • Preventive measures and durability design
  • Assessment of the current state of the structure, building, etc.
  • Maintenance, strengthening and rehabilitation
  • Restoration materials and techniques
  • Protection materials and techniques
  • Polymer-concrete composites
  • Conservation of architectural heritage
  • Sustainability of building materials and structures

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