Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 48 Issue 4

Tenside Surfactants Detergents

Volume 48 Issue 4

Contents
Journal Overview

April 11, 2013

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Abstracts

April 11, 2013

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Biosurfactant in Planar Chromatography of Transition Metal Ions: Mixed Micelles Activated Separations

A. Moheman, A. Husain, K. S. Siddiqi April 11, 2013

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Abstract

Sodium deoxycholate (a biosurfactant) in planar chromatography has been used to investigate the separation and migration behavior of transition metal ions. The chromatographic system comprised of soil-cellulose (3:7, w/w) as stationary phase and mixed micellar solution (sodium deoxycholate-sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.0% each in 1:1 ratio) containing M 5 -acetonitrile in 3:2 ratio (v/v) was identified as the best mobile phase for separation and migration of transition metal ions. The R f value for the metals follows the order, Cu(II) (0.15) < Ag(I) (0.57) < Au(III) (0.91) which also happens to be the order of increasing atomic weight of the metal ions in the periodic group. The detection limit of Cu(II), Ag(I), and Au(III) was found to be 0.22, 1.48, and 7.76 μg zone −1 respectively. The proposed method is robust, sensitive, easy, and reproducible. It has been used for successful identification and separation of above mentioned cations in sample matrices.

Synthesis and Properties of Lactobionamide-Based Polysiloxane Surfactant

L. Wang, D.-L. Zhang, Z.-P. Du, G.-Y. Wang, S.-J. Wang, Y. Cao April 11, 2013

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Abstract

A lactobionamide-based polysiloxane surfactant (LBPS) with well-defined structure was prepared via a two-step method. Structure characterization of the LBPS was performed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR). Surface activity and aggregation behavior in aqueous solution of the LBPS were investigated by surface tension measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and negative-stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and surface tension (γ CMC ) at the CMC in aqueous solution of the LBPS are 7.7 mg · L −1 and 27.5 mN · m −1 , respectively, and the surfactants can self-assemble into spherical micelles with diameters in the range from 30 to 250 nm.

Structural Elucidation and Surfactant Properties of Rhamnolipids Synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) on Sweet Water as Carbon Source and Stabilization Effect on Foam Produced by Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

S. D. Wadekar, S. V. Patil, S. B. Kale, A. M. Lali, D. N. Bhowmick, A. P. Pratap April 11, 2013

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Abstract

The interest in biosurfactant has increased considerably due to their large potential for industrial applications. Rhamnolipid is the simplest class of biosurfactants with well defined structure. The main obstacle in commercialization of biosurfactant especially rhamnolipids is the higher cost of the production that can be reduced by use of inexpensive carbon substrates like glycerol that is readily available from commercial fat-splitting process in the form of sweet water (up to 20% w/v) at very low cost. The composition and structure of various components in crude rhamnolipids synthesized by of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) on sweet water, were determined using TLC, HPLC and LC\MS. The crude product showed two distinct components having structure Rha 2 C 10 C 10 and Rha 2 C 10 C 12 at 85.45 wt.% and 14.55 wt.% respectively. The Rha 2 C 10 C 10 was more efficient and effective in surface tension reduction up to 23.5 mN/m than other components. Crude rhamnolipids showed better emulsifying power than its individual components. The crude rhamnolipids showed better foam stability than sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) at lower concentrations (0.05 to 0.002% w/v). It also enhanced and stabilized the foam produced by SLS at 0.01 to 0.025% of rhamnolipids.

Synthesis of Bisphosphodiester Surfactants Derived from Tetradecanol and Different Methylene Chains as a Spacer Derived from α-ω-Alkyl Dibromides

P. Tyagi, R. Tyagi April 11, 2013

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Abstract

Bisphosphodiester surfactant is a name assigned to a family of synthetic amphiphiles possessing a hydrocarbon chain attached to another hydrocarbon chain via different methylene chains as a spacer derived from α-ω-alkyl dibromide (1,4-DBB, 1,6-DBH and 1,8-DBO). In the present study, a series of bisphosphodiester surfactants having C 14 hydrophobic tail and different methylene chains as a spacer derived from α-ω-alkyl dibromide have been synthesized at 35°C. The effect of reaction variables like temperature, duration and molar ratios of mono tetradecyl phosphate, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide and spacer on the yield of bisphosphodiester surfactants has also been reported. Modern instrumental techniques viz. FT-IR, 1 HNMR, and 13 CNMR were utilized to characterize the functional groups presence in synthesized bisphosphodiester surfactants. Elemental analysis of synthesized bisphosphodiester surfactants was also carried out. Surface active properties viz. surface tension, interfacial tension, critical micelle concentration and aqueous properties viz. foaming stability, wetting ability, emulsifying ability and dispersing power of synthesized gemini surfactants were also determined. Among all synthesized bisphosphodiester surfactants IIIb had maximum anionic content of 78.9%; and showed highest foaming ability (70 ml), superior dispersing ability (45.7%), whereas IIIc showed low CMC values (0.00026 mmol/l); minimum surface tension and interfacial tension (37.3 mN/m and 31.6 mN/m) respectively.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetic Study of Two New Cationic Surfactants

M. Edrissi, M. Soleymani, M. Asadian April 11, 2013

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Abstract

Two new surfactants (stearoyl morpholinium chloride and palmitoyl morpholinium chloride) were synthesized in two steps. In the first step, chloride acids were reacted with morpholine salt for producing morpholinium normal penta decyl ketone and morpholinium normal hepta decyl ketone. In the second step, the obtained products were reacted with HCl to produce suitable surfactants. The synthesis products in each steps were analyzed by Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and elemental analysis. Also, the kinetic of the reactions were investigated. It has been shown that the synthesis reaction of the first step, the low rate step, follows a first order for two surfactants. The properties of two surfactants were investigated for anti-static and surface tension reduction. It was found that the hydrocarbon chain length is the main factor which has an effect on the properties of surfactants.

Synthesis, Characterization and Surface Activity of Trioctyl Hydroxyethyl Ammonium Chloride

Y.-L. Li, Q.-X. Li, L.-F. Zhi, M.-H. Zhang April 11, 2013

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Abstract

Trioctyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride was synthesized from trioctylamine, hydrochloric acid and ethylene oxide by a two-step process. The structure of the quaternary ammonium salt was characterized by FTIR and 1 H NMR. The surface tension at the critical micelle concentration was measured to investigate the surface activity of it.

Physicochemical Properties of Cetyltributylphosphonium Bromide in the Presence of Additives

D. Tikariha, K. K. Ghosh April 11, 2013

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Abstract

Physicochemical behavior of cetyltributylphosphonium bromide (CTBuPB) surfactant in presence of additives (urea, thiourea and sucrose) has been studied by conductometric measurement at 303–320 K. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and degree of micellar ionization (α), increases with increasing concentration of additives (urea, thiourea and sucrose). The standard Gibbs free energy of micellization (ΔG o m ), enthalpy of micellization (ΔH o m ) and entropy of micellization, (ΔS o m ), have been obtained by applying the mass action model. The free energy and enthalpy of micellization have found to be negative in all the systems.

Conductometry and Thermodynamic Study of Micellization of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Mixed Solvents Containing Dilute Electrolyte Solutions

H. J. Y. El-Aila April 11, 2013

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Abstract

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was determined conductometrically in binary mixtures of water + cosolvent at various temperatures and at low concentrations of sodium chloride, ranging from 0.0 to 2.4 × 10 −2 M. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (AN) were used as cosolvents added to water. The ability of NaCl to lower the CMC of CTAB in water was inhibited by DMSO and AN. Thermodynamic parameters of micellization ΔH o m , ΔS o m , and ΔG o m were evaluated according to the pseudo-phase model. The contribution of DMSO and AN in the micellization process of CTAB in aqueous electrolyte solutions were discussed in terms of the observed thermodynamic properties.

Preparations of Novel Flocculants and its Applications in the Paper-making Wastewater

F. Zhao, J. L. He April 11, 2013

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Abstract

Functional monomer [N-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)acrylamide] was synthesized and characterized by MS and NMR. A series of high molecular weight cationic polyacrylamides were prepared with N-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)acrylamide, acrylamide and methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride by copolymerization using complex initiation systems as catalysts in aqueous solution. Then they used as flocculants to treat the paper-making wastewater. The removal of the colour and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the treated waste water samples were determined. Results showed that flocculants could efficiently remove the color and the COD. The overall color and COD removal efficiencies reached as high as 80% and 85%, respectively.

About this journal

Tenside Surfactants Detergents offers the most recent results of research and development in all fields of surfactant chemistry, such as: synthesis, analysis, physicochemical properties, new types of surfactants, progress in production processes, application-related problems and environmental behavior. Since 1964 Tenside Surfactants Detergents offers strictly peer-reviewed, high-quality articles by renowned specialists around the world.
All articles are subject to thorough, independent peer review.
Tenside Surfactants Detergents is the organ of the German Chemical Society (GDCh e.V.), Division "Chemie des Waschens".

Objective
Tenside Surfactants Detergents (TSD) publishes scientific manuscripts covering all aspects of chemistry, physics and application technology of surface-active substances (surfactants). The journal is aimed at scientists from industry, universities and research institutes who are actively involved in research work.

Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, a journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) publishes scientific contributions in the surfactants and detergents area. This includes the basic and applied science of petrochemical and oleochemical surfactants, the development and performance of surfactants in all applications, as well as the development and manufacture of detergent ingredients and their formulation into finished products. Manuscripts involving performance, test method development, analysis, and the environmental fate of surfactants and detergent ingredients are welcome.

Topics

Physical chemistry of surfactants and surfactant mixtures in solutions and at interfaces
Analytical chemistry and synthesis of surfactants
Development of surfactants with special properties
Production of surfactants from renewable/microbiological resources
Novel "Green" Surfactants/Biosurfactants
Foams, Gels, Emulsions, Microemulsions
Application of surfactants in cleaning and body-care products, in pharmaceutical dosage forms, in agrochemicals and enhanced oil recovery
Development of sustainable cleaning products and cleaning techniques
Cleaning product safety and toxicology
Hygiene requirements for cleaning and personal care products
Consumer behavior in household cleaning
Development of cleaning products performance test methods

Subjects

Surfactant Chemistry
Colloid and Interface chemistry
Surface Chemistry
Textile chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Detergent and Cleaning Agent Production

Article formats
Original Research Papers, Review Articles, and Short Communications