Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 55 Issue 5

Tenside Surfactants Detergents

Volume 55 Issue 5

Contents
Journal Overview

Developing an Evidence-Based Approach to Domestic Hygiene Which Protects Against Infection Whilst Also Addressing Sustainability Issues

Sally F. Bloomfield September 5, 2018

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Abstract

Changes in recent years mean that preventing infection through hygiene in home and everyday life has become increasingly important. In developing and promoting home and everyday life hygiene, a number of issues which represent a barrier to change need to be addressed and balanced against the need for effective hygiene. These include environmental and toxicity issues, and concerns about antibiotic resistance and whether we have become “too clean”. Education of the public is key, but this can only be achieved if hygiene practice is based on a simple, plausible approach to hygiene, which health professionals and the public can relate to. This in turn needs to be underpinned by an evidence base which demonstrates to health professionals and other hygiene stakeholders who communicate with the public that the procedures and products which they advise are capable of reducing infection risks to an acceptable level, with sustainable use of resource necessary to deliver hygiene such as water, heat, microbiocides etc. The purpose of this paper is to outline a multimodal targeted approach to home and everyday life hygiene based on risk management. This includes a framework for developing effective and sustainable hygiene practices, including hand hygiene, surface hygiene and laundering practices.

Honor Thy Lodgers? – Structure and Function of the Human Built Environment Microbiome

Markus Egert September 5, 2018

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Abstract

The microbiome of the built environment (BE) and its interactions with the human occupants represent a new and highly interdisciplinary research field. The BE is characterized by a great microbial diversity as well as very fluctuating environmental conditions and sharp gradients of physicochemical parameters, which significantly shape the resident microbiomes. A great significance of the BE microbiome for human health is obvious, but far from being fully understood. However, there is a growing body of evidence that antimicrobial and probiotic strategies will have to be balanced in a well-considered manner to successfully manage the BE microbiome in a way that finally is most beneficial for human health.

Micrococcus luteus – An Alternative Test Germ for Testing the Hygienic Performance of Commercial Freshwater Dishwashers

Diana Klapper, Marc-Kevin Zinn, Sarah Schulze-Struchtrup, Britta von Esmarch-Rummler, Rainer Stamminger September 5, 2018

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Abstract

Each consumer is entitled to have hygienically clean processed dishes and cutlery. Consequently, restaurants, caterers, canteens, nursing homes, kindergartens and hospitals are very concerned to avoid infecting their customers and patients. They are afraid of the spread of diseases by inadequately washed dishes, glasses and cutlery. This study deals with the verification of the hygienic performance of commercial freshwater dishwashers with the aid of bioindicators that are contaminated with the test soil BAMS and two different strains of microorganisms: Micrococcus luteus and Enterococcus faecium . The method used is described in the working paper “WD 00429001 Commercial warewashing machines – Hygiene requirements and testing.” Tests for heat resistance are carried out to check the temperature interval of Micrococcus luteus . Thereby, it is shown that the germ examined still shows vitality at a temperature of 70°C and a holding time of ten minutes. When testing the hygienic performance of the dishwashing programs tested, it is shown that not only temperature, but also the effects of the detergent are recognizable.

Development of a Test Method for Analyzing the Hygienic Performance of Commercial Dishwashers Operating on the Fresh Water Principle

Marc-Kevin Zinn, Diana Klapper, Britta von Esmarch-Rummler, Dirk Bockmühl September 5, 2018

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Abstract

In recent years, the aspect of hygiene has become increasingly important in all areas of daily life. Especially in the areas of gastronomy, nursing homes, kindergartens and hospitals, the hygiene aspect is of particular importance. This study deals with the examination of the hygienic performance of commercial dishwashers with a water replacement system (fresh water dishwashers) using Micrococcus luteus DSM 1790 and the carrier material oat flakes as test soil. After rinsing, the soil is detached from the test items using an elution solution. Furthermore, the sump and the back and side walls of the commercial fresh water dishwasher were examined by contact plates to obtain the microbial count. This approach has been tested for functionality in a series of empirical experiments. In addition, the influence of various commercial detergents on results was examined. It was found that the newly developed method emphasizes the difference between the tested programs. Furthermore, it was found that using a program with longer holding times led to a higher germ reduction in the upper basket than in the lower basket.

Microbial Reduction in Low Temperature Dishwashing Cycles

Caroline Amberg September 5, 2018

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Abstract

Even though, temperature and water consumption have decreased in domestic dishwashing cycles in the last years, it is generally agreed that dishwashing programs are efficient enough to remove critical microorganisms. But will the dishwashing process be efficient enough in the future? In the first part of this study, the impact of temperature, time and detergent amounts on microbial reduction of Enterococcus faecium , Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested in suspension tests with the aim to select potential test strains for hygiene studies in the dishwasher. Enterococcus faecium and Micrococcus luteus biomonitors were in a second part applied to different low temperature cycles in a household dishwasher. The microbial reduction in the dishwasher was compared with the corresponding results from the suspension tests to get more insight in additional effects on microbial reduction like the mechanical action and rinsing step.

Laundry Hygiene and Visible Cleanliness: An Attempt to Predict the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Laundering Processes by its Cleaning Performance

Marlitt Honisch, Rainer Stamminger, Dirk P. Bockmühl September 5, 2018

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Abstract

Insufficiently decontaminated textiles could lead to transmission of infections. Thus, laundry hygiene is of particular interest and investigated in numerous studies. However, laundering experiments that use microorganisms to investigate the reduction of microbial loads on textiles are particularly time-consuming and material-intensive and the handling of pathogenic microorganisms is subject to legal regulations. Therefore, alternative methods of investigation are desired. So far, there is no satisfactory solution to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of a laundering process without expensive microbiological investigations. This study introduces an approach to predict the antimicrobial performance of a laundering process by its cleaning performance. It is not possible to conclude immediately from the cleaning index of a washing process to its antimicrobial effect based on stain types used in this study. Also in washing processes with low cleaning indices a high microbial reduction can be achieved. For bleach free liquid detergent, strong, time dependent, positive correlations between microbial reduction and cleaning index for cocoa, soot, and sebum were identified.

Test Method Dependent Efficacy of Antibacterial Textiles

Britta Hilgenberg, Lutz Vossebein September 5, 2018

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Abstract

Within the course of this investigation five different antibacterial textiles have been tested with four important standards for assessment of antibacterial efficacy (AATCC 147, ASTM E2149, DIN EN ISO 20645 and DIN EN ISO 20743). For some combinations of conducted method and utilized antibacterial textile the results revealed unexpected variations in antibacterial efficacy. This fact could lead to misperception of antibacterial textile efficacy which in turn could result in hygiene deficits for operators or economic losses for manufacturers. Accordingly, there is a strong need for a consistent method for evaluation of antibacterial efficacy so that the comparability of antibacterial textiles and particularly the significance of antibacterial efficacy will be improved.

A New Approach for a Practical Assessment of Antimicrobial Surfaces Based on a Stamp Assay to Quantify Transfer Routes of Pathogens

Anja Gerhardts, Dirk Höfer September 5, 2018

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Abstract

Using common normative test approaches, it is impossible until now to evaluate how antimicrobial health care equipment contributes to the interruption of infection chains or even to address a benefit-risk-assessment. Therefore, in this study we quantified bacterial transfer and transmission probabilities between surfaces by a stamp assay to assess the performance of antimicrobial equipment under defined conditions. The definition of application-specific parameters is essential to allow the assessment of hygienic relevant surfaces, compared to the normative setups. In a second step, we then fed the determined material-specific data into an integrated mathematical model which enables a discussion about infection risks and a risk-benefit-assessment of antimicrobial surfaces in the health-care environment with practical relevance for the first time.

Towards a Lab-Scale Efficacy Test Method for the Evaluation of Hygienic Laundry Rinse-Stage Disinfectants

James Clarke, Lauren Oakes, Laura Miller, Phil Hindley, Paula McGeechan, Jordan Petkov, Dirk Bockmühl September 5, 2018

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Abstract

European domestic laundry habits are changing. Industry's move towards lower/ambient temperature washing and reduced water usage has resulted in lower degrees of microbial control leading to an increased risk to the health and wellbeing of the consumer. One solution targeted at mitigating this risk is the adoption of hygienic rinse-stage disinfectants to reduce the microorganisms in the laundry process. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of two commercially-available quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC)-based rinse-stage disinfectants using both suspension test methodology and an application test in ASTM E2406 modified to offer a potential solution for the future testing and registration of such products in Europe. In addition, this paper paves the way for further development and validation of testing methodologies while exploring ways to better deploy and optimise antimicrobial actives within the laundry environment.

About this journal

Tenside Surfactants Detergents offers the most recent results of research and development in all fields of surfactant chemistry, such as: synthesis, analysis, physicochemical properties, new types of surfactants, progress in production processes, application-related problems and environmental behavior. Since 1964 Tenside Surfactants Detergents offers strictly peer-reviewed, high-quality articles by renowned specialists around the world.
All articles are subject to thorough, independent peer review.
Tenside Surfactants Detergents is the organ of the German Chemical Society (GDCh e.V.), Division "Chemie des Waschens".

Objective
Tenside Surfactants Detergents (TSD) publishes scientific manuscripts covering all aspects of chemistry, physics and application technology of surface-active substances (surfactants). The journal is aimed at scientists from industry, universities and research institutes who are actively involved in research work.

Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, a journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) publishes scientific contributions in the surfactants and detergents area. This includes the basic and applied science of petrochemical and oleochemical surfactants, the development and performance of surfactants in all applications, as well as the development and manufacture of detergent ingredients and their formulation into finished products. Manuscripts involving performance, test method development, analysis, and the environmental fate of surfactants and detergent ingredients are welcome.

Topics

Physical chemistry of surfactants and surfactant mixtures in solutions and at interfaces
Analytical chemistry and synthesis of surfactants
Development of surfactants with special properties
Production of surfactants from renewable/microbiological resources
Novel "Green" Surfactants/Biosurfactants
Foams, Gels, Emulsions, Microemulsions
Application of surfactants in cleaning and body-care products, in pharmaceutical dosage forms, in agrochemicals and enhanced oil recovery
Development of sustainable cleaning products and cleaning techniques
Cleaning product safety and toxicology
Hygiene requirements for cleaning and personal care products
Consumer behavior in household cleaning
Development of cleaning products performance test methods

Subjects

Surfactant Chemistry
Colloid and Interface chemistry
Surface Chemistry
Textile chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Detergent and Cleaning Agent Production

Article formats
Original Research Papers, Review Articles, and Short Communications