Published by De Gruyter

Volume 3 Issue 1 - Optical Coatings / Guest Editors: Norbert Kaiser, Xu Liu and Angus Macleod

Issue of Advanced Optical Technologies

Contents
Journal Overview

Publicly Available February 1, 2014

Editorial

Publicly Available February 1, 2014

Recognition of last year’s reviewers and new plans for 2014

Andreas Thoss, Michael Pfeffer

Page range: 1-2

Download PDF

Community

Publicly Available February 1, 2014

News from the European Optical Society

Paul Urbach

Page range: 3-4

Download PDF

Publicly Available February 1, 2014

Conference Notes

Page range: 5-10

Download PDF

Publicly Available January 8, 2014

Topical Issue: Optical Coatings

Editorial

Publicly Available January 9, 2014

Special issue on optical coatings

Norbert Kaiser, Xu Liu, Angus Macleod

Page range: 15-16

Download PDF

Tutorials

August 27, 2013

Optical coatings for energy-efficient fenestration: principles, products and prospects

Claes G. Granqvist

Page range: 17-28

Abstract

Buildings use as much as 40% of the world’s total primary energy. This huge energy consumption is mainly tied to poor designs and entrenched practices for buildings’ envelopes. One major road toward more energy efficient buildings is to employ design principles that are in harmony with the radiation in our natural surroundings. Glass coatings with spectral selectivity can lead to windows and glass facades with good thermal insulation and capability to transmit mainly visible light or, alternatively, across the full solar spectrum. Chromogenic glazings, especially if based on electrochromism, can regulate the inflow of visible light and solar energy between widely separated limits and achieve further energy efficiency. The new fenestration technologies are able to improve indoor comfort.

October 14, 2013

Coating processes for plastic optics

Ulrike Schulz

Page range: 29-39

Abstract

Transparent plastics have been used for optical applications with growing demand. This development is accompanied by a desire for extended surface functionalities. Most important optical surface function is antireflection (AR), which is performed mainly by applying plasma-assisted processes. Critical considerations for coating polymers include interaction with emission from plasma and thermal stress. State-of-the-art vacuum processes for coating on plastic, as well as new results of research and development in the fields of AR design and AR structures will be introduced and discussed.

July 4, 2013

The impact of the mass density on selected optical and non-optical properties of oxide coatings

Olaf Stenzel

Page range: 41-53

Abstract

The density of optical coatings is one of the most crucial material-related parameters in interference coating science and technology. It has an impact on the refractive index, the transparency range, and the mechanical stress of a coating material. This tutorial provides a background on the classical theory relating the coating density to the mentioned parameters. Simple models are presented that highlight the correlations between optical constants, stress, and shifting behavior of different oxide coatings. Comparison with the experiment is performed on the basis of numerous experimental data, which stem from hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, tantalum pentoxide, and silicon dioxide.

Review Articles

Publicly Available November 22, 2013

Dispersive mirror technology for ultrafast lasers in the range 220–4500 nm

Vladimir Pervak, Olga Razskazovskaya, Ivan B. Angelov, Konstantin L. Vodopyanov, Michael Trubetskov

Page range: 55-63

More Download PDF

Abstract

Nowadays, dispersive mirrors are able to cover the wavelength range of 4.5 optical octaves and can be used from 220 nm up to 4500 nm. Various design approaches to dispersive mirrors in visible and near IR are briefly discussed. We consider in more detail two dispersive mirrors representing extreme cases. The first one is a mirror working in the range of 290−360 nm and providing group delay dispersion of -75 fs 2 . The second one is a mirror working in the range of 2500−4500 nm and providing +500 fs 2 of group delay dispersion.

February 1, 2014

Defect-related properties of optical coatings

Xinbin Cheng, Zhanshan Wang

Page range: 65-90

Abstract

Defects in optical coatings are a major factor degrading their performance. Based on the nature of defects, we classified them into two categories: visible defects and non-visible defects. Visible defects result from the replication of substrate imperfections or particulates within the coatings by subsequent layers and can increase scattering loss, produce critical errors in extreme ultraviolet lithography, weaken mechanical and environmental stability, and reduce laser damage resistance. Non-visible defects mainly involve a decrease in laser damage resistance but typically have no influence on other properties of optical coatings. In the case of widely used HfO 2 /SiO 2 dielectric coatings, metallic Hf nano-clusters, off-stoichiometric HfO 2 nano-clusters, or areas of high-density electronic defects have been postulated as possible sources for non-visible defects. The emphasis of this review is devoted to discussing localized defect-driven laser-induced damage (LID) in optical coatings used for nanosecond-scale pulsed laser applications, but consideration is also given to other properties of optical coatings such as scattering, environmental stability, etc. The low densities and diverse properties of defects make the systematic study of LID initiating from localized defects time-consuming and very challenging. Experimental and theoretical studies of localized defect-driven LID using artificial defects whose properties can be well controlled are highlighted.

Research Articles

Publicly Available November 23, 2013

Optical properties of unprotected and protected sputtered silver films: Surface morphology vs. UV/VIS reflectance

Paul Johannes Jobst, Olaf Stenzel, Mark Schürmann, Norbert Modsching, Sergiy Yulin, Steffen Wilbrandt, Dieter Gäbler, Norbert Kaiser, Andreas Tünnermann

Page range: 91-102

More Download PDF

Abstract

The optical properties of opaque sputtered silver films are investigated and related to their surface morphology. As reference, an evaporated sample produced by thermal flash evaporation has been studied, too. Standard optical and electrical characterizations as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray reflectometry have been carried out with unprotected silver films directly after deposition and reveal strong correlations between the corresponding characterization results. The aging behavior of the normal incidence reflectance has been studied over a time period of 36 weeks. Protected silver mirrors have been prepared by sputtering using silica and alumina as the protective coating. It is shown by model calculations that the main spectral features occurring in the reflectance spectra of as-deposited unprotected coatings, unprotected coatings after aging, and protected coatings can be reproduced assuming a rough silver surface covered by a corresponding ultrathin absorbing interface layer or overlayer.

November 14, 2013

ZnO:Al films prepared by inline DC magnetron sputtering

Astrid Bingel, Kevin Füchsel, Norbert Kaiser, Andreas Tünnermann

Page range: 103-111

Abstract

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) is one of the most promising transparent conductive oxide (TCO) materials that can substitute the high-quality but costly indium tin oxide (ITO). To ensure high-quality films as well as moderate production costs, inline DC magnetron sputtering was chosen to deposit thin AZO films. The influence of sputter gas pressure, substrate temperature, and film thickness on the electrical, optical, and structural properties was analyzed. The resistivity reaches a minimum of 1.3×10 -5 Ωm at around 1 Pa for a substrate temperature of 90°C. A maximum conductivity was obtained by increasing the substrate temperature to 160°C. An annealing step after deposition led to a further decrease in resistivity to a value of 5.3×10 -6 Ωm in a 200 nm thin film. At the same time, the optical performance could be improved. Additionally, simulations of the transmittance and reflectance spectra were carried out to compare carrier concentration and mobility determined by optical techniques with those from Hall measurements.

October 18, 2013

Light scattering of interference coatings from the IR to the EUV spectral regions

Sven Schröder, Marcus Trost, Tobias Herffurth, Alexander von Finck, Angela Duparré

Page range: 113-120

Abstract

Light scattering of optical components caused by residual imperfections can be a critical factor for their practical application. In particular, the scattering properties of optical interference coatings are rather complex. Yet, simple theoretical models and comparisons with experimental results provide valuable insight into the main impact factors and mechanisms. The magnitude of scattering and the dominating factors strongly depend on the wavelength of application in connection with the types of coatings used in the corresponding ranges. The paper, therefore, gives an overview of the scattering properties of coatings in different spectral regions including the visible, deep ultraviolet, and extreme ultraviolet and discusses strong in-band variations of the scattering characteristics that have been neglected so far.

About this journal

From 2023 onwards, Advanced Optical Technologies will be published by Frontiers.　For more information on submitting to the journal, please see their submissions page.

Objective

Advanced Optical Technologies is a strictly peer-reviewed scientific journal. The major aim of Advanced Optical Technologies is to publish recent progress in the fields of optical design, optical engineering, and optical manufacturing. Advanced Optical Technologies has a main focus on applied research and addresses scientists as well as experts in industrial research and development.

Volume 3 Issue 1 - Optical Coatings / Guest Editors: Norbert Kaiser, Xu Liu and Angus Macleod

Issue of Advanced Optical Technologies

Cover and Frontmatter

Recognition of last year’s reviewers and new plans for 2014

News from the European Optical Society

Conference Notes

Conference Calendar

Editorial

Special issue on optical coatings

Tutorials

Optical coatings for energy-efficient fenestration: principles, products and prospects

Abstract

Coating processes for plastic optics

Abstract

The impact of the mass density on selected optical and non-optical properties of oxide coatings

Abstract

Review Articles

Dispersive mirror technology for ultrafast lasers in the range 220–4500 nm

Abstract

Defect-related properties of optical coatings

Abstract

Research Articles

Optical properties of unprotected and protected sputtered silver films: Surface morphology vs. UV/VIS reflectance

Abstract

ZnO:Al films prepared by inline DC magnetron sputtering

Abstract

Light scattering of interference coatings from the IR to the EUV spectral regions

Abstract