Published by De Gruyter

Volume 8 Issue 1 - Illumination optics / Guest Editors: Tran Quoc Khanh, Cornelius Neumann

Issue of Advanced Optical Technologies

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Contents
Journal Overview

Publicly Available February 26, 2019

Editorial

Publicly Available February 1, 2019

Reviewer recognition and editor’s note 2019

Andreas Thoss, Michael Pfeffer

Page range: 1-3

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Community

Publicly Available January 31, 2019

Editorial

Publicly Available January 31, 2019

Illumination optics for indoor lighting, automotive and street lighting

Tran Quoc Khanh, Cornelius Neumann

Page range: 11-12

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Topical Issue: Illumination optics for indoor lighting, automotive and street lighting

Tutorial

January 11, 2019

Illumination design patterns for homogenization and color mixing

Julius Muschaweck, Henning Rehn

Page range: 13-32

Abstract

In illumination optics, color mixing is a key design task, but the realization can be a challenge. While tunable light sources based on multiple LEDs are commonplace, color homogenization is just as important for white LEDs, due to their spatial and angular color variation. In this tutorial, we first look at color mixing from an abstract, phase space-based viewpoint. From there, we derive a taxonomy of color mixing problems: How is the multi-color light source composed? What kind of homogeneity is required in the target? How is the homogenization influenced by source and target étendue? We categorize these problems and we present a toolbox: A selection of optical design elements, e.g. mixing rods and fly’s eye arrays, and we show for each design pattern how it fits into the taxonomy.

Review Article

February 2, 2019

High-resolution headlamps – technology analysis and system design

Marvin Knöchelmann, Marcel Philipp Held, Gerolf Kloppenburg, Roland Lachmayer

Page range: 33-46

Abstract

High-resolution vehicle headlamps are the technological way to intelligently illuminate the traffic area to increase safety and comfort. For the technical realization of these headlamps, different technologies come into question, which are the subject of intensive research at universities and among the manufacturers. We present an overview of the possible technologies and analyze their potential for use in high-resolution headlamps. Furthermore, we explain how the design of the optical system for the different technologies can be made. Another part of this paper is the comparison of published prototypes of high-resolution headlamps and the compilation of key properties.

Research Articles

December 8, 2018

Creating high contrast in virtual night driving

Steffen Strebel, Cornelius Neumann

Page range: 47-54

Abstract

The reproduction of glare scenarios in driving simulators is restricted by the limitations of conventional projector and display technology. In existing solutions, light sources are usually added to the optical path by combining common simulator technology with, for example, grids based on light-emitting diodes (LED). In this article, we introduce a new way to simulate glare sources on a common driving simulator back-projection screen using an additional projector and an additional reflective screen. In a first attempt, a concept with retroreflective sheets is proposed, and the requirements and current limitations of this setup are shown. Further development of the concept leads to an attempt with holographic diffusers. With an experimental setup based on the second concept, we aim to assess its feasibility, evaluate current challenges, and outline future requirements. The results show that it is possible to simulate a static glare scenario with correct geometrical conditions and headlights with luminances of about 100 000 cd/m 2 . Current limitations are an unbalanced color efficiency, the size and cost of available diffusers, and the black-level values and in-picture contrast of the used projector that cause an outshining of the environmental simulation.

January 31, 2019

Spectral ray data for optical simulations

Ingo Rotscholl, Klaus Trampert, Franz Schmidt

Page range: 55-65

Abstract

This paper summarizes selected approaches, to generate spectral ray data for different types of spectrally varying light sources including only angular variable as well as spatial and angular variable sources. This includes a description of their general ideas and applications, the required measurements, and their mathematical concepts. Finally, achieved results for an Red/Green/Blue/White-light emitting diode (RGBW-LED) system are shown. Ray tracing simulations of a spatially and angularly spectral varying LED system combined with a spectrally sensitive optical system are qualitatively and quantitatively compared to a colorimetric far-field measurement of the same system. The results demonstrate the potential and benefits of spectral ray files in general.

February 21, 2019

Photobiological safety of LED-based lighting systems – theory and practical hazard assessment

Nils Haferkemper, Wjatscheslaw Pepler

Page range: 67-76

Abstract

This article gives an insight into the theory and application of photobiological safety assessment. To illustrate several aspects of this topic, the project ‘Measurement and assessment of optical radiation sources, relevant to the general population – Risk estimation to the eye, especially blue light hazard and glare’ by the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection, where 40 different products were measured and assessed, is used as an exemplary case. Products were chosen which were promoted to have a high output intensity and which are available to the public. Most of the products with incoherent radiation were classified in risk group 2 according to DIN EN 62471:2009 [DIN EN 62471:2009 – ‘Photobiologische Sicherheit von Lampen und Lampensystemen’]. Only a few of them were labeled correctly or had the right warning notice. Additionally, to the results of this market survey, practical aspects of the hazard measurement and assessment are emphasized.

January 17, 2019

Road projections as a new and intuitively understandable human-machine interface

Marina Budanow, Cornelius Neumann

Page range: 77-84

Abstract

Various sensors in nowadays cars are already used to assist the driver or to inform him through several display technologies. However, some information cannot properly be displayed through conventional systems. This article shows the development of an assistance system through projections on the road beginning from human perception and interpretation of different symbols. The results of a simulator study are displayed, where test subjects had to state how they intended to react when seeing certain symbols on the road and how they interpreted these signs. As most promising symbols for all possible actions, two parallel lines were used in a further dynamic field study. The outcome of this study is presented and discussed. Having additional information about the car width displayed on the road, drivers managed challenging situations better without being distracted. Projections on the road showed a big potential of being used in broad traffic as assistance systems.

About this journal

Objective

Advanced Optical Technologies is a strictly peer-reviewed scientific journal. The major aim of Advanced Optical Technologies is to publish recent progress in the fields of optical design, optical engineering, and optical manufacturing. Advanced Optical Technologies has a main focus on applied research and addresses scientists as well as experts in industrial research and development.

Advanced Optical Technologies partners with the European Optical Society (EOS). All its 4.500+ members have free online access to the journal through their EOS member account.

Topics

Optical design
Lithography
Opto-mechanical engineering
Illumination and lighting technology
Precision fabrication
Image sensor devices
Optical materials (polymer based, inorganic, crystalline/amorphous)
Optical instruments in life science (biology, medicine, laboratories)
Optical metrology
Optics in aerospace/defense
Simulation, interdisciplinary
Optics for astronomy
Standards
Consumer optics
Optical coatings

Article formats
Tutorial, Review Article, Research Article, Letter, Short Communication, Views

> Information on submission process

Volume 8 Issue 1 - Illumination optics / Guest Editors: Tran Quoc Khanh, Cornelius Neumann

Issue of Advanced Optical Technologies

Cover and Frontmatter

Reviewer recognition and editor’s note 2019

EOS News

Illumination optics for indoor lighting, automotive and street lighting

Tutorial

Illumination design patterns for homogenization and color mixing

Abstract

Review Article

High-resolution headlamps – technology analysis and system design

Abstract

Research Articles

Creating high contrast in virtual night driving

Abstract

Spectral ray data for optical simulations

Abstract

Photobiological safety of LED-based lighting systems – theory and practical hazard assessment

Abstract

Road projections as a new and intuitively understandable human-machine interface

Abstract