Impact Factor: 0.3

Veröffentlicht seit 1. März 1967

Apeiron

A Journal for Ancient Philosophy and Science

ISSN: 2156-7093

Herausgegeben von: Christian Wildberg, Mariska Leunissen

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Über diese Zeitschrift

Objective
Apeiron was founded in 1966 and has developed into one of the oldest and most distinguished journals dedicated to the study of ancient philosophy, ancient science, and, in particular, of problems that concern both fields. Apeiron is committed to publishing high-quality research papers in these areas of ancient Greco-Roman intellectual history; it also welcomes submission of articles dealing with the reception of ancient philosophical and scientific ideas in the later western tradition. The journal appears quarterly. Articles are peer-reviewed on a double-blind basis.

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ancient philosophy
ancient science
reception of ancient philosophical and scientific ideas in the later western tradition

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Original Articles

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Band 56 Heft 3

Juli 2023

Öffentlich zugänglich 13. Juli 2023

Frontmatter

Seiten: i-iii

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Research Articles

1. September 2022

Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics on the Sameness of Friendship and Justice

Bradford Jean-Hyuk Kim

Seiten: 395-429

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Abstract

In the Nicomachean Ethics , Aristotle claims that friendship and justice are the same, apparently flouting the not uncommon contrast between friendship and justice. I start by assessing Aristotle’s principle of equality: friends of equal standing engage in exact reciprocity in goods and friends of unequal standing engage in proportional reciprocity. In a number of ways that have gone unnoticed, the equalization principle is a requirement for understanding the sameness of friendship and justice. Just relations and friendship share the same domain, that is, the same relationship of a corresponding community. Moreover, asking how to be just to someone is the same as asking how to be a friend to that person, indicating that the virtue of justice and the virtue of friendship are also the same.

Open Access 12. September 2022

Chrysippus’ Theory of Cosmic Pneuma: Some Remarks in Light of Medical and Biological Doctrines on Respiration, Digestion and Pulse

Arianna Piazzalunga

Seiten: 431-467

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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to explore how the cosmic soul works and how it accomplishes its providential and demiurgic tasks in Chrysippus’ system. Drawing on (i) the analogy Chrysippus establishes between the individuum and the cosmos and (ii) biological and medical theories of respiration, digestion, and pulse, I will show that the movements of Chrysippus’ cosmic soul reproduce the processes of digestion, pulse, and respiration at a cosmic level. My claim is that Chrysippus, in addition to adopting Praxagoras’ notion that inhaled air nourishes pneuma —well established in the scholarship—appropriated Aristotle’s complex mechanism of respiration and digestion based on the teleological role of cold air, crucial for preserving vital heat. So understood, Chrysippus’ application of biological notions to cosmology allows him to endow the active principle with effective causation throughout the cosmos.

18. Oktober 2022

The Non-kinetic Origins of Aristotle’s Concept of Ἐνέργεια

Santiago Chame

Seiten: 469-494

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Abstract

In this paper, I argue that Aristotle was already aware in his earlier texts of the fundamental distinction between motion and activity and of the criterion which structures this contrast. Moreover, I will present textual evidence which suggests that Aristotle’s original concept of ἐνέργεια applies primarily to activities which contain their ends in themselves, and not to motions, which are different from their ends.

31. Januar 2023

Plato’s Timaeus and the Limits of Natural Science

Ian MacFarlane

Seiten: 495-517

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Abstract

The relationship between mind and necessity is one of the major points of difficulty for the interpretation of Plato’s Timaeus . At times Timaeus seems to say the demiurge is omnipotent in his creation, and at other times seems to say he is limited by pre-existing matter. Most interpretations take one of the two sides, but this paper proposes a novel approach to interpreting this issue which resolves the difficulty. This paper suggests that in his speech Timaeus presents two hypothetical models of creation, one with an omnipotent demiurge and one where he is limited by matter, so as to investigate their theoretical and empirical validity. Further, he shows that each model is ultimately an inadequate explanation of the first principles of the cosmos. Timaeus’ speech is therefore properly understood to be aporetic: it leaves its listeners aware of the difficulties inherent in the two models of creation, but without a more viable alternative.

1. Februar 2023

Plato’s Use of Mogis (Scarcely, with Toil) and the Accessibility of the Divine

Ryan M. Brown

Seiten: 519-554

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Abstract

At key moments in the Phaedrus and the Republic , Socrates qualifies our capacity to “see” the highest realities (the “place of being,” the “Good beyond being”) with the adverb “ mogis ” ( mogis kathorosa , Phdr . 248a; mogis horisthai , Rep . 517b). Mogis can be used to indicate either the toilsome difficulty of some undertaking or the subject’s proximity to failing to accomplish the undertaking. Socrates uses mogis to qualify the nature of the human soul’s capacity to make the intellectual ascent and see the divine, but it is not prima facie clear whether the qualification is meant to express (1) the difficulty we have in undertaking the intellectual ascent (a comment on the effort required) or (2) the fact that the human soul’s capacity to make the intellectual ascent will, on account of its limitations, only “just barely” be achieved, if at all. After discussing the uses of mogis in classical literature and surveying Plato’s uses of mogis across the corpus, I interpret Plato’s use of mogis at Phaedrus 248a, arguing that mogis kathorosa should be translated as “only gets a good look at the things that are with much toil” rather than the more common “scarcely able to gaze upon the things that are.” I then turn to the parallel passage at Republic 517b and argue against a prominent account, put forward by John Sallis, among others, of Plato’s understanding of divine inaccessibility. Whereas Sallis et al. argue that Plato’s use of mogis indicates that which is to be seen at the acme of the ascent is only “barely glimpsed” on account of the fact that it “withdraws” from our view, I argue instead that Plato’s use of mogis indicates that though we can “get a good look” at the highest realities, that good look is qualified by their inexhaustible excess. The human capacity to see the highest realities is qualified because there is “always more to see,” not because that which is there to be seen “withdraws” from view, and still less because there is some intrinsic limitation to human intellectual vision that prevents us from apprehending the highest realities. Accordingly, the divine is accessible but never exhaustible.

3. März 2023

Divine Agency and Politics in Plato’s Myth of Atlantis

George Harvey

Seiten: 555-576

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Abstract

This paper approaches the Critias straightforwardly as a work of political philosophy but gives greater attention to Athens’ opponent, Atlantis, whose founding, political organization, and eventual decline each offer important lessons about the aims of legislation and political life. I begin by comparing the foundation of the two cities as presented in Critias’ myth, with a special focus on the role of divine persuasion (I). I then describe the political organization of Athens and Atlantis, showing how they reflect the different ways in which their founding gods exercised divine persuasion (II). Next, I focus on the decline of Atlantis and the causes behind it (III). Finally (IV), I discuss the lessons that I think can be gathered from the foregoing sections and show how the themes that emerge from the comparison of the two cities anticipate their more extensive exploration in the Laws .

24. März 2023

The Menaechmi

Leonid Zhmud

Seiten: 577-586

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Abstract

In the mid-first century BC Geminus of Rhodes, a scientist and philosopher close to Posidonius, composed a comprehensive Theory of Mathematical Sciences , in the surviving fragments of which the numerous characters are referred to plainly by name, with some of them being namesakes of other, more well-known mathematicians and philosophers. This paper tries to set apart the namesakes of Geminus, of which there are four in his fragments: Theodorus, Hippias, Oenopides, and Menaechmus.

Open Access 19. April 2023

Aristotle on the Beginning of Animal Life and Soul Activities

Anna Schriefl, Mor Segev

Seiten: 587-619

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Abstract

For Aristotle, animals, by contrast to plants, possess a perceptual soul. However, there is disagreement concerning the point at which the perceptual soul is acquired, for him. On one influential interpretation, Aristotle thinks that the perceptual soul is acquired not during the initial formation of the embryo, but at some later stage of its development. On such interpretations of Aristotle’s view, the newly formed embryo is not yet an actual animal, but a plant-like living being or even inanimate matter. We argue, by contrast, that Aristotle views the embryo, from the very beginning, as an actual animal exercising basic nutritive and perceptual functions. We show that this interpretation is consistent with Aristotle’s views on embryogenesis in the GA , HA , PA , and the Metaphysics .

4. Mai 2023

Aristotle’s Logic of Biological Diversity

Andrea Libero Carbone

Seiten: 621-642

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Abstract

Aristotle’s biology is based on his method of division of animal kinds by multiple differentiae. This results in complex clusters of non-subordinate terms, between which Aristotle seeks to establish universal correlations. The form of these, however, does not correspond to that prescribed by his theory of syllogism. Mereological relations between terms are not linear and quantification is far more complex than the distinction between universal and particular propositions. Thus the axiomatisation of Aristotle’s biology requires a tool designed for analysing such complex universal correlations into valid syllogistic premises. Prosleptic-like premises turn out to be the solution outlined by Aristotle. They make it possible to handle both the logic of consequence which translates from and into mereological relations between term clusters, and the complex quantification required by division based on multiple differentiæ, through the instantiation of a variable ideally consisting of indivisible groups of animals.

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Journal Impact Factor	0.3	2022, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate, 2023)
5-year Journal Impact Factor	0.4	2022, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate, 2023)
Journal Citation Indicator	0.57	2022, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate, 2023)
CiteScore	1.4	2022, Scopus (Elsevier B.V., 2023)
SCImago Journal Rank	0.463	2022, SJR (Scimago Lab, 2023; Data Source: Scopus)
Source Normalized Impact per Paper	1.315	2022, CWTS Journal Indicators (CWTS B.V., 2023; Data Source: Scopus)

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You can easily submit your manuscript online. Simply go to http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/apeiron and you will be guided through the whole peer-reviewing and publishing process.

All submissions should be prepared for blind review, which means that no internal references, bibliographic information, or acknowledgements that could be used to identify the author should appear in the paper, bibliography, or notes. Where such information would appear, authors should cite their published work as they would the work of any other author. In other cases, authors are encouraged to include lacunae such as "[reference omitted for blind review]". Manuscripts that do not conform to this requirement may be returned to the authors for correction. Submission of a paper to Apeiron will be taken to imply that the paper is not under editorial consideration elsewhere.

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All other inquiries on editorial matters should be directed to the Editorial Office of Apeiron at apeiron.editorial@degruyter.com.

Editorial

Editors
Christian Wildberg (University of Pittsburgh)
Mariska Leunissen (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

Associate Editor
Luis Alejandro Salas (Washington University in St. Louis)

Editorial Office
APEIRON: a journal for ancient philosophy and science
Department of Classics
Washington University
1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1050
Saint Louis, MO 63130
apeiron.editorial@degruyter.com

Editorial Board
Richard Bett (Philosophy, Johns Hopkins University)
Alan C. Bowen (Institute for Research in Classical Philosophy and Science)
Eric Brown (Philosophy, Washington University in St. Louis)
Klaus Corcilius (Philosophy, University of Tübingen)
Patricia Curd (Philosophy, Purdue University)
Lesley Dean-Jones (Classics, University of Texas at Austin)
Michael T. Ferejohn (Philosophy, Duke University)
Jyl Gentzler (Philosophy, Amherst College)
Daniel Graham (Philosophy, Brigham Young University)
Brad Inwood (Classics, Yale University)
David Konstan (Classics, New York University)
Timothy O'Keefe (Philosophy, Georgia State University)
Richard McKirahan (Classics and Philosophy, Pomona College)
Mark McPherran (Philosophy, University of Maine at Farmington)
Phillip Mitsis (Classics, New York University)
Deborah Modrak (Philosophy, University of Rochester)
Naomi Reshotko (Philosophy, University of Denver)
Ricardo Salles (Philosophy, National University of Mexico)
Mark Schiefsky (Classics, Harvard University)
Janet Sisson (Philosophy, University of Calgary)
Nicholas Smith (Philosophy, Lewis and Clark College)
Martin Tweedale (Philosophy, University of Alberta)
Katja Vogt (Philosophy, Columbia University)
Michael J. White (Philosophy, Arizona State University)
Stephen White (Classics, University of Texas at Austin)
Paul Woodruff (Philosophy, University of Texas at Austin)
Marco Zingano (Philosophy, University of São Paolo)

Former Editors
Markus Asper (Classics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin)
†Peter Bicknell (Classics, Monash University)
†Robert W. Hall (Philosophy, University of Vermont)
R.J. Hankinson (Philosophy, University of Texas at Austin)
John King-Farlow (Philosophy, University of Alberta)
Benjamin Morison (Philosophy, Princeton University)
David Rankin (Classics, University of Southampton)
Roger Shiner (Philosophy, Okanagan University College)

(English)

Online ISSN: 2156-7093
Print ISSN: 0003-6390
Typ: Zeitschrift
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: De Gruyter
Erstveröffentlichung: 1. März 1967
Erscheinungsweise: 4 Hefte pro Jahr
Zielgruppe: researchers and students in the field of ancient philosophy and science