Impact Factor: 1.311

Open Access Published since September 19, 2014

Open Life Sciences

ISSN: 2391-5412

Editor-in-chief: Thomas Litman

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About this journal

Topical/Special Issues:

We are currently recruiting Guest Editors for upcoming Special Issues:
- Advances in Neurodegenerative Disease Research and Treatment
- Applications of Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine

You can also submit your Special Issue proposal by contacting Managing Editor at Izabela.Zarczynska@degruyter.com

Open Life Sciences is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal, devoted to scholarly research in all areas of life sciences:

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES including cell biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, microbiology, immunology, pharmacology, neuroscience, cancer biology, bioinformatics and computational biology, case reports of rare diseases
PLANT SCIENCES including plant anatomy and physiology, plant genetics and biotechnology
ANIMAL SCIENCES including zoology, veterinary sciences, animals in agriculture
ECOLOGY and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE including evolutionary biology, populations, ecosystems and landscapes, ecotoxicology, air and soil pollution and control, environmental microbiology, biomass and bioenergy, biodiversity, conservation biology, marine ecology
AGRICULTURE including crop production, livestock and poultry breeding and nutrition
FOOD SCIENCE and NUTRITION including Functional Food, Food Microbiology, Food Metabolomics, Food By-Products, Food Waste Management
BIOENGINEERING and BIOTECHNOLOGY including tissue engineering, biomaterials, nanotechnology, bioreactors

The published content includes research articles, review articles, communications, case reports, commentaries, and letters to the Editor.

Open Life Sciences assures the top quality of published data through critical peer-review and editorial involvement throughout the whole publication process. Thanks to the Open Access model, it also offers unrestricted access to published articles for all users.

The journal aims to facilitate the communication and collaboration of scientists across different countries.

Why read

The journal publishes research from all areas of the life sciences, including the most recent and significant findings
Researchers use it to reveal data that is likely to advance the direction and the thinking of the field
It is an international forum for the dissemination of research data across the entire spectrum of biology
The publication is designed to facilitate the exchange of ideas between researchers from different countries

Why submit

The journal is included in the ISI Master Journal List, Science Citation Index Expanded and Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics)
Transparent, comprehensive and fast peer review
Secure archiving by De Gruyter and the independent archiving service Portico
Free language-correction services for authors from non-English speaking regions
Worldwide dissemination and unrestricted access to all published articles
Promotion of each published article

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Open Life Sciences is covered by the following services:

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Supplementary Materials

Topics

External Links

Volume 18 Issue 1

January 2023

The P2RY1 receptor is known to cause cancer by activating the ERK signal pathway, and its DNA methylation status and corresponding regulatory mechanism remain unknown. This study used the DNA methylation chip to profile the genome-wide DNA methylation level in gastric cancer tissues. The proliferation and apoptosis of the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line were determined after treatment with a selective P2RY1 receptor agonist, MRS2365. The promoter region of P2RY1 was found to be highly methylated with four hypermethylated sites (|Δ β value| > 0.2) in diffuse gastric cancer and was validated by bioinformatics analysis in the TCGA database. Also, immunohistochemical staining data obtained from the HPA database demonstrated the downregulated expression of proteins encoded by P2RY1 in stomach cancer tissue. The analysis of MRS2365-treated cells by annexin V/propidium iodide staining and caspase-3 activity assays indicated the induction of apoptosis in SGC7901 cells. The P2RY1 receptor activation in human SGC7901 gastric cancer cells via the MRS2365 agonist induced apoptosis and reduced cell growth. High DNA methylation in the promoter region of P2RY1 might have contributed to the reduced expression of P2RY1’s mRNA, which was likely responsible for the “aggressive” nature of the diffuse gastric cancer.

Open Access March 3, 2023

Association between the VEGFR-2 -604T/C polymorphism (rs2071559) and type 2 diabetic retinopathy

Article number: 20220556

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Abstract

Unit variance (UV) scaling, mean centering (CTR) scaling, and Pareto (Par) scaling are three commonly used algorithms in the preprocessing of metabolomics data. Based on our NMR-based metabolomics studies, we found that the clustering identification performances of these three scaling methods were dramatically different as tested by the spectra data of 48 young athletes’ urine samples, spleen tissue (from mice), serum (from mice), and cell (from Staphylococcus aureus ) samples. Our data suggested that for the extraction of clustering information, UV scaling could serve as a robust approach for NMR metabolomics data for the identification of clustering analysis even with the existence of technical errors. However, for the purpose of discriminative metabolite identification, UV scaling, CTR scaling, and Par scaling could equally extract discriminative metabolites efficiently based on the coefficient values. Based on the data presented in this study, we propose an optimal working pipeline for the selection of scaling algorithms in NMR-based metabolomics analysis, which has the potential to serve as guidance for junior researchers working in the NMR-based metabolomics research field.

Ecology and Environmental Science

Open Access December 31, 2022

Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem

Khalid Guma Biro Turk, Abdulrahman O. Alghannam, Faisal Ibrahim Zeineldin

Article number: 20220534

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Abstract

Air pollution is a major factor affecting human life and living quality in arid and semiarid regions. This study was conducted in the Al-Ahsa district in the Eastern part of Saudi Arabia to measure carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration over different land-use types. Initially, the study’s land use/land cover (LULC) was classified using the spectral characteristics of Landsat-8 data. Then, sensors were placed in five sites of different LULC types to detect CO 2 , air temperature, and relative humidity. The Friedman test was used to compare CO 2 concentration among the five sites. Five LULC types were identified over the study area: date palm, cropland, bare land, urban land, and water. The results indicated that CO 2 concentration showed a maximum mean value of 577 ppm recorded from a site dominated by urban lands. During the peak time of human transportation, a maximum value of 659 ppm was detected. The CO 2 concentration mean values detected for the other LULC types showed 535, 515, and 484 ppm for the bare land, cropland, and date palm, respectively. This study’s sensors and procedures helped provide information over relatively small areas. However, modelling CO 2 fluctuations with time for LULC changes might improve management and sustainability.

Open Access February 23, 2023

Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing

Shu Fang, Chuanxiang Wang, Juan Yan

Article number: 20220571

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Abstract

This study aims to explore the prokaryotic microbial community structures and diversity in pit mud from different depths, and provide a theoretical basis for the liquor production and further study of pit mud. The fermented pit muds of strong-flavor liquor from Yun distillery were taken as samples. The high-throughput sequencing approach, followed by bioinformatics analyses, was used to compare the differences in the prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom represented by samples. A total of 31 bacteria phyla and 2 archaea phyla were detected. The dominant phyla in YJ-S, YJ-Z, and YJ-X (sample name) were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes , while the dominant genera in them were Acinetobacter , Aminobacterium , and Lactobacillus . YJ-Z and YJ-X were the closest in species diversity. In species richness analysis, YJ-X was the highest, followed by YJ-Z, and YJ-S was the lowest; in species uniformity analysis, YJ-S was the highest, followed by YJ-Z, and YJ-X was the lowest. The function predicted by 16S rRNA genome showed that prokaryotic microbial function in pit mud was mainly concentrated in “Carbohydrate transport and metabolism” and “Amino acid transport and metabolism.” Significant differences in prokaryotic microbial community and gene function prediction between pit walls and bottom were found in YJ-S, YJ-Z, and YJ-X ( p < 0.05).

The composition and diversity of microbial communities are of considerable significance to the quality development of Camellia sinensis (Fuzhuan tea). In this study, we examined differences in the bacterial community structures of loose, lightly-pressed, hand-made, and machine-pressed Fuzhuan teas and raw dark tea. We observed notable differences in the bacterial communities of the five groups, where there were only 51 consensus sequences. ASV/OTU Venn diagram, Chao1, Ace, Simpson indices, and dilution curve analyses consistently revealed that machine-pressed tea exhibited the highest bacterial diversity. Taxonomically, Actinobacteria , Firmicutes , Proteobacteria , and Cyanobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla in each group, whereas Corynebacterium , Methylobacterium , and Bifidobacterium were the dominant genera. Our findings revealed significant differences in the bacterial community structures of different Fuzhuan tea products derived from the same raw material, with bacterial diversity rising with increased product compaction.

Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Open Access January 24, 2023

Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study

Jialiang Li, Jiaxi Li, Yubing Yang, Xijing He, Xinyu Wei, Qinghua Tan, Yiqun Wang, Siyue Xu, Sue Chang, Weiwei Liu

Article number: 20220530

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Abstract

Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramics have an inorganic composition similar to the human bone. While conventional methods can only produce ceramic scaffolds with poor controllability, the advancement of 3D-printing, especially stereolithography, made it possible to manufacture controllable, highly precise, micropore ceramic scaffolds. In this study, the stereolithography was applied to produce β-TCP bioceramics, while ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Ti6Al4V, and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) were used as controls. Phase analysis, water contact angle tests, and Micro-CT were applied to evaluate the surface properties and scaffold. Hemolytic toxicity, cell proliferation, and morphological assessment were performed to evaluate the biocompatibility. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level, mineralization, and qRT-PCR were measured to evaluate the osteointegration. During the manufacturing of β-TCP, no evident impurity substance and hemolytic toxicity was found. Cells on β-TCP had good morphologies, and their proliferation capability was similar to Ti6Al4V, which was higher than the other materials. Cells on β-TCP had higher ALP levels than PEEK. The degree of mineralization was significantly higher on β-TCP. The expression of osteogenesis-related genes on β-TCP was similar to Ti6Al4V and higher than the other materials. In this study, the β-TCP produced by stereolithography had no toxicity, high accuracy, and excellent osteointegration capability, thus resulting as a good choice for bone implants. Graphical abstract

Agriculture

Open Access January 24, 2023

Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia

Melkamu Dela, Dereje Shanka, Dawit Dalga

Article number: 20220537

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Abstract

Open Access March 21, 2023

Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources

Wang Yong, Xu Chunbo, Tong Laga, Zhang Xiaoming, Wang Mingjiu

Article number: 20220582

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Abstract

In this study, genetic diversity and germplasm identification of 28 alfalfa germplasm cultivars materials were evaluated by analyzing their internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), trn L-F, and psb A- trn H sequences to provide the innovative reference of alfalfa varieties genetic diversity and identify research. The results showed that the fragment average length of ITS2, trn L-F, and psb A- trn H sorting sequences were 455.7 bp, 230.3 bp, and 345.6 bp, respectively. The ITS2 sequence was too conservative to reflect the individual differences between intercultivars and intracultivars in the preliminary experiment. Furthermore, trn L-F and psb A- trn H sequence differences were relatively small between intercultivars but significant between intracultivars. Alfalfa cultivars were divided into four groups by sequence similarity clustering. Alfalfa cultivars trn L-F and psb A- trn H sequences have apparent differences, showing that chloroplast conservative sequences were independent evolution. Compared with trn L-F and psb A- trn H sequences of alfalfa cultivars, psb A- trn H sequence has abundant variation sites and can better reflect the differences between cultivars than the trn L-F sequence. Therefore, the psb A- trn H sequence can identify different alfalfa cultivars and establish the DNA sequence fingerprint.

Volume 9 (2014)

Volume 8 (2013)

Volume 7 (2012)

Volume 6 (2011)

Volume 5 (2010)

Volume 4 (2009)

Volume 3 (2008)

Volume 2 (2007)

Volume 1 (2006)

5-year Impact Factor	1.293
Cite Score	1.5
Impact Factor	1.311
Journal Citation Indicator	0.28
SCImago Journal Rank	0.249
Source Normalized Impact per Paper	0.379

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Manuscripts should be submitted to the journal via online submission system Editorial Manager available for this journal at http://www.editorialmanager.com/openbiol. In case of problems, please contact the Editorial Office of this journal at Izabela.Zarczynska@degruyter.com.

EDITORIAL POLICY

Unpublished material: Submission of a manuscript implies that the work described is not copyrighted, published or submitted elsewhere, except in abstract form. The corresponding author should ensure that all authors approve the manuscript before its submission.
Ethical conduct of research: The authors must describe and confirm safeguards to meet ethical standards when applicable. See Editorial Policy for details.
Conflict of interest: When authors submit a manuscript, they are responsible for recognizing and disclosing financial and/or other conflicts of interest that might bias their work and/or could inappropriately influence his/her judgment. If no specified acknowledgement is given, the Editors assume that no conflict of interest exists. Authors are encouraged to fill in the ICMJE Conflicts of Interest Form (available here) and send it in the electronic format to the Managing Editor.
Copyright: All authors retain copyright, unless – due to their local circumstances – their work is not copyrighted. The copyrights are governed by the Creative-Commons Attribution Only license (CC-BY) which is compliant with Plan-S. We may also publish a paper under CC-BY-NC-ND license on author's request. The corresponding author grants the journal the license to use of the article, by signing the License To Publish. Scanned copy of license should be sent to the journal, as soon as possible.
Authorship: Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be named in an Acknowledgement section. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors (according to the above definition) and no inappropriate co-authors are included in the author list of the manuscript, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.
Peer Review process: Our standard policy requires each paper to be reviewed by at least two Referees and the peer-review process is single-blind. The Editors reserve the right to decline the submitted manuscript without review, if the studies reported are not sufficiently novel or important to merit publication in the journal. Manuscripts deemed unsuitable (insufficient originality or of limited interest to the target audience) are returned to the author(s) without review. The Editor seeks advice from experts in the appropriate field. Research articles and communications are refereed by a minimum of two reviewers, review papers by at least three. Authors are requested to suggest persons competent to review their manuscript. However, please note that this will be treated only as a suggestion, and the final selection of reviewers is exclusively the Editor's decision. The final decision of acceptance in made by Managing Editor or, in case of conflict, by the Editor-in-Chief.
Scientific Misconduct: This journal publishes only original manuscripts that are not also published or going to be published elsewhere. Multiple submissions/publications, or redundant publications (re-packaging in different words of data already published by the same authors) will be rejected. If they are detected only after publication, the journal reserves the right to publish a Retraction Note. In each particular case Editors will follow COPE’s Core Practices and implement the advices.

Editorial

Editor-in-Chief, Biomedical Sciences
Thomas Litman, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Editor-in-Chief’s Assistant Editor, Emily Beaman

Managing Editor
Izabela Żarczynska
Izabela.Zarczynska@degruyter.com

Assistant Managing Editor
Deepan Selvaraj, Compuscript
AssistantManagingEditor@degruyter.com

Editors

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Biochemistry
Anna Shestakova, University of Utah School of Medicine, USA
Marc Poirot, INSERM – Toulouse University, France
Marco Tutone, University of Palermo, Italy

Cell and Molecular Biology
Arnab Banerjee, University of Kentucky, USA
Dorota Dymkowska, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Poland
Eric Ghigo, Aix-Marseille University, France
Jiannan Guo, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Mark Wiser, Tulane University School of Public Health, USA

Structural Biology
Alexander Serganov, New York University School of Medicine, USA

Stem Cells and Cell Therapy
Zvonimir Koporc, Croatian Catholic University, Croatia
Ferenc Uher, National Medical Center, Hungary
Henning Madry, Saarland University, Germany

Cancer Biology
Vladimir Jurisic, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
Pavel Vodicka, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
Lianwen Zhang, Mayo Clinic Molecular Medicine, USA
Mustafa Ozen, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
Jiacong You, Tianjin Medical University, China
Agnieszka Dzikiewicz-Krawczyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
Jarosław Paluszczak, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland

Neuroscience
Alexander Pisarchik, Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Simon Podnar, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia
Malik Zaben, Cardiff University, UK

Pharmaceutical Sciences
George Patrinos, University of Patras, Greece
Ravi Kiran Sajja, Texas Tech University, USA
Rabab Kamel, National Research Center, Egypt

Biophysics and Computational biology
Csaba Bagyinka, Biological Research Center, Hungary
Leandro Cristante de Oliveira, São Paulo State University, Brazil

Bioinformatics
Alexandre de Brevern, Paris Diderot University, France
Ahmed Farouk, South Valley University, Egypt
Stefano Pascarella, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Rituraj Purohit, Vellore Institute of Technology, India
Mohammad Shabaz, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology (MIET), Jammu

Virology
Paweł Zmora, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland

ANIMAL SCIENCES

Development and Differentiation
Michal Zurovec, University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic

Invertebrates and Vertebrates
Elena Mente, University of Thessaly, Greece
Veterinary Medicine - Microbiology
Jean Mukherjee, Tufts University, USA

PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Anatomy and Physiology
Anket Sharma, Zhejiang A & F University, China

Plant Genetics and Biotechnology
Maria Oszvald, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
Zheng Li, University of Melbourne, Australia
Juozas Lazutka, Vilnius University, Lithuania
Lóránt Lakatos, University of Szeged, Hungary
Mehdi Rahimi, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
Barbara Tokarz, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland

ECOLOGY and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Soil and water bioremediation, water productivity, water resources, halophyte-culture, drought-tolerant plants, salt-tolerant plants:
Ameneh Mianabadi, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Iran

Environmental Microbiology
Dmitri Mavrodi, Washington State University, USA

Mycology
Evgenia Bogomolova, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Phillip B. Gannibal, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Russia
Derek Peršoh, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany

Entomology and Plant-Insect Interactions
Adrian Łukowski, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland

Bioenergy - Biofuels and Biomass
Elia Tomás Pejó, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, Spain
Fabiano Avelino Gonçalves, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Meisam Tabatabaei, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Iran

FOOD SCIENCE and NUTRITION

Agro-environmental and food chemistry, sustainable food production, food quality and safety:
Jesus Simal-Gandara, University of Vigo, Spain

Bioactive Compounds, Functional Food, Food Waste Management
Przemysław Kowalczewski, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland

Selenium, Food Enzymes, Food Microbiology, Food Waste Management
Marek Kieliszek, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Poland

Food Proteomics, Food Transcriptomics, Food Pathogens
Alberto Valdés, University of Alcala de Henares, Spain

Food Metabolomics, Food By-Products, Food Bioactivity
Gerardo Alvarez, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain

Food Safety, Pesticides, Contaminants
Barbara Socas, University of Lund, Sweden

Gut Microbiota, Fermented Foods, Probiotics
Lorenzo Nissen, University of Bologna, Italy
Marcin Schmidt, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland

BIOENGINEERING and BIOTECHNOLOGY

Chemical Engineering, Nanotechnology
Beom Soo Kim, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
Pedro Viana Baptista, New University of Lisbon, Portugal

Chemical Engineering, Microbiology
Nuno Filipe Azevedo, University of Porto, Portugal

Editorial Advisory Board
Miguel B. Araujo, Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Spain
Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch, University of Innsbruck, Austria
Sergey Y. Bershitsky, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Laszlo Buday, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Hungary
Eulogio Castro Galiano, University of Jaen, Spain
Alexander B. Chetverin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Keith A. Crandall, George Washington University in Washington, DC
Olga Dontsova, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Russia
Petr Draber, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
Richard S.J. Frackowiak, University College London, UK
Karl Friston, University College London, UK
Mikhail S. Gelfand, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Eliane Gluckman, Hopital Saint-Louis, France
Everett Peter Greenberg,University of Washington School of Medicine, USA
Yi Guan, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Tasuku Honjo, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
Tim Hunt, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, UK
Miklos S.Z. Kellermayer , Pecs University Medical School, Hungary
Beom Soo Kim, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
Saulius Klimasauskas, Institute of Biotechnology, Lithuania
Stanislav S. Kolesnikov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Oleg A. Krishtal, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
Hans Lehrach, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Germany
Marie Lipoldova, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
Mark P. Mattson, National Institutes of Health, USA
Karen E. Nelson, The J. Craig Venter Institute, USA
Jozef Nosek, Comenius University, Slovakia
Jacek Otlewski , University of Wroclaw, Poland
Krzysztof Palczewski, Case Western Reserve University, USA
Miklos Palkovits, National Institute of Mental Health, USA
Laurent Poirel, Hôpital de Bicetre, le Kremlin–Bicetre, France
Jaanus Remme, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu University, Estonia
Balazs Sarkadi, National Medical Center, Hungary
Joseph Schlessinger, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
Vladimir P. Torchilin, Northeastern University, USA
Vladimir N. Uversky, University of South Florida College of Medicine, USA
Marc Van Montagu, Ghent University, Belgium
Philippe G. Vidon, State University of New York, College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry, USA
Ulrich von Andrian, Harvard Medical School, USA

Language Editors
Cindy Bongard, University of Toronto, Canada
Kevin J. Bown, Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, UK
Daniel Burke, University of Toronto, Canada
Iain R. Caldwell, University of British Columbia, Canada
Jacob Crouse, The University of Sydney, Australia
Robert Farrell, Penn State University, USA
Suzie Ferrie, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia
Dariush Garber, University of California at Davis Medical Center, USA
Caitlin Gillett, University of Minnesota Duluth, USA
Perry Hartfield, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Andrea Huston, University of Toronto, Canada
Jennie Latham, The ōbex project, UK; King's College London, UK
Daria Lukasz, National Institutes of Health, USA
Antonino Malacrinò, Linköping University, Sweden
Lawrence Mok, University of Melbourne, Australia
Amy Moss, University of Sydney, Australia
Dawn Patient, University of Cambridge, UK
Matthew Price, University of Portsmouth, UK
Genevieve Phillips, The University of Queensland, Australia
Kuldeepsinh P. Rana, Colorado School of Mines, USA
Bradley Rhodes, Bucknell University, USA
Brent Roberts, University of British Columbia, Canada
Joel Schwartz, The City University of New York, USA
Efe Sezgin, National Cancer Institute, USA Hanna Valpuri Sovero, University of Illnois, USA
Blake Turner, University of Toronto, Canada
Emma Weeks, University of Florida, USA
Anne Vardo-Zalik, The Pennsylvania State University-York, USA

Publisher
DE GRUYTER Poland
Bogumiła Zuga 32A Str.
01-811 Warsaw, Poland
T: +48 22 701 50 15

Editorial Contact
Izabela Żarczynska
Izabela.Zarczynska@degruyter.com

(Deutsch)

Type: Journal
Language: English
Publisher: De Gruyter Open Access
First published: September 19, 2014
Publication Frequency: 1 Issue per Year
Audience: Students and researchers at various stages of academic career, specializing in life sciences topics