Open Access Published by De Gruyter Open Access

Volume 12 Issue 10

October 2014

Issue of Open Chemistry

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Contents
Journal Overview

Open Access May 15, 2014

DNA molecules site-specific immobilization and their applications

Xiaoning Zhang, Hongmei Hu

Page range: 977-993

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Abstract

In addition to its role as a carrier of genetic information, DNA has been recognized as a construction material for the assembly of different objects and structural arrangements with nanoscale features. As a result of DNA’s self-recognition properties (based on the specific base-pairing of G-C and T-A), monolayer films of nucleic acids on solid supports have attracted an escalating attentions. Recently, numerous novel materials based on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) DNA structures have been reported, which extends their utility to a large number of appliations. This review paper intends to be a new and comprehensive overview of recent strategies to site-specifically immobilized DNA on various materials, including carbonaceous substances, gold, and silica substrate, emphasizing the applications of site-specific DNA nanostructure-based devices for diagnostic, bioanalytical, food safety and environmental monitoring. Additionally, an up-to-date perspective is proposed at the end of this review.

Open Access May 15, 2014

Analytical methods for determination of benzodiazepines. A short review

Paulina Szatkowska, Marcin Koba, Piotr Kośliński, Jacek Wandas, Tomasz Bączek

Page range: 994-1007

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Abstract

Benzodiazepines (BDZs) are generally commonly used as anxiolytic and/or hypnotic drugs as a ligand of the GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor. Moreover, some of benzodiazepines are widely used as an anti-depressive and sedative drugs, and also as anti-epileptic drugs and in some cases can be useful as an adjunct treatment in refractory epilepsies or anti-alcoholic therapy. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods, gas chromatography (GC) methods, capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods and some of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods were developed and have been extensively applied to the analysis of number of benzodiazepine derivative drugs (BDZs) providing reliable and accurate results. The available chemical methods for the determination of BDZs in biological materials and pharmaceutical formulations are reviewed in this work.

Open Access May 15, 2014

Synthesis, characterization and controlled toxicity of a novel hybrid material based on cisplatin and docetaxel

Mariana Prodana, Adriana Voiculet, Sorina Garea, Mihaela Radu, Horia Iovu, Ioana Demetrescu, Anca Dinischiotu

Page range: 1008-1015

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Abstract

This paper is focused on the synthesis and characterization of a novel hybrid material based on cisplatin and docetaxel-loaded functionalized simultanously carbon nanotubes able to be used in cancer therapy as drug delivery system with controlled toxicity. This material was physico-chemically investigated by determining the structure, as evidenced by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) and its stability was studied with the aid of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The amount of platinum ions released into the solution of simulated body fluid (SBF) was highlighted by coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Toxicology experiments were performed with MDA-MB 231 breast cancer epithelial cells. The performance of the new drug delivery hybrid material was compared with functionalised carbon nanotubes with therapeutic agents functionalized with a single therapeutic agent.

Open Access May 15, 2014

L-alaninium perrhenate: crystal structure and non-linear optical properties

Vitor Rodrigues, Maria Costa, Etelvina Gomes, Dmitry Isakov, Michael Belsley

Page range: 1016-1022

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Abstract

The crystal structure and non-linear optical properties of L-alaninium perrhenate, C3H8NO2+ ReO4 −, are reported. The protonated amino acid and the perrhenate anion have their usual geometries. The three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network can be seen as a stacking of layers parallel to the (100) planes. Each layer is formed by chains of alternating positive and negative ions along the b and c axes. Hydrogen bonding of adjacent layers forms alternating chains along the a axis. A high damage threshold and a second-harmonic generation efficiency three times that of KDP make this new material potentially useful in non-linear optics.

Open Access May 15, 2014

Morpho-structural and luminescence investigations on yttrium silicate based phosphors prepared with different precipitating agents

Laura Muresan, Adrian Cadis, Ioana Perhaita, Emil Indrea

Page range: 1023-1031

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Abstract

Yttrium silicate doped with cerium (Y2SiO5:Ce) was obtained from Y-Ce-Si based precursors prepared by the simultaneous addition of reagents (SimAdd) technique. The synthesis of the precursors was done in well controlled conditions using ammonium oxalate, ammonium carbonate or urea as precipitating agents. Results regarding the influence of precipitating agents on the morpho structural and photoluminescent characteristics of Y2SiO5:Ce are reported. The TG analysis in correlation with EGA, FT-IR and XRD investigations reveals the formation of oxalate, hydroxy-carbonate or hydroxy-nitrate based compounds, the same as the conversion of the precursors to well crystallized yttrium silicate. XRD patterns show that the precursors are amorphous except for the sample prepared with ammonium oxalate. Depending on the precipitation conditions, the phosphors phase composition varies from single phase (X2-Y2SiO5) to a mixture of phases (X2-Y2SiO5, X1-Y2SiO5, Y2O3). Under UV excitation, phosphors exhibit the specific blue emission of cerium with an intensity that varies from 175.8% (urea) to 96.0% (ammonium carbonate) and to 78.5% (ammonium oxalate). The emission intensity depends on the phase purity and order degree of the phosphors. PACS Classification codes:78.55 Hx, 81.20Fw

Open Access May 15, 2014

Systematic investigation and in vitro biocompatibility studies on mesoporous europium doped hydroxyapatite

Cristina Popa, Carmen Ciobanu, Simona Iconaru, Miruna Stan, Anca Dinischiotu, Constantin Negrila, Mikael Motelica-Heino, Regis Guegan, Daniela Predoi

Page range: 1032-1046

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Abstract

This paper reports the systematic investigation of europium doped hydroxyapatite (Eu:HAp). A set of complementary techniques, namely Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique were used towards attaining a detailed understanding of Eu:HAp. The XPS analysis confirmed the substitution of Ca ions by Eu ions in the Eu:HAp samples. Secondly, Eu:HAp and pure HAp present type IV isotherms with a hysteresis loop at a relative pressure (P/P0) between 0.4 and 1.0, indicating the presence of mesopores. Finally, the in vitro biological effects of Eu:HAp nanoparticles were evaluated by focusing on the F-actin filament pattern and heat shock proteins (Hsp) expression in HEK293 human kidney cell line. Fluorescence microscopy studies of the actin protein revealed no changes of the immunolabelling profile in the renal cells cultured in the presence of Eu:HAp nanoparticles. Hsp60, Hsp70 and Hsp90 expressions measured by Western blot analysis were not affected after 24 and 48 hours exposure. Taken together, these results confirmed the lack of toxicity and the biocompatibility of the Eu:HAp nanoparticles. Consequently, the possibility of using these nanoparticles for medical purposes without affecting the renal function can be envisaged.

Open Access May 15, 2014

Synthesis and antiproliferative activity in vitro of new 2-aminobenzimidazole derivatives. Reaction of 2-arylideneaminobenzimidazole with selected nitriles containing active methylene group

Anna Nowicka, Hanna Liszkiewicz, Wanda Nawrocka, Joanna Wietrzyk, Katarzyna Kempińska, Andrzej Dryś

Page range: 1047-1055

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Abstract

A series of pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole and α-cyanocinnamic acid derivatives have been synthesized in the reactions of Schiff bases 2–7 with selected nitriles containing an active methylene group: malononitrile 8–12, cyanoacetamide 13–16, benzyl cyanide 17–21, benzoylacetonitrile 22–24, cyanoacetate methyl ester 25–28 and benzylacetamide 29. The structures 8–29 were confirmed by the results of elementary analysis and their IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR and MS spectra. The products 8–29 of various chemical structure pyrimido[1,2-a] benzimidazole 8–12, 14–16, 17–21, 23–24, 26 and α-cyanocinnamic acid derivatives 13, 22, 25, 27, 28 were obtained, which are of interest for biological studies or which can be substrates for further synthesis. The selected compounds 10, 13, 14, 17, 19, 21, 23–25 and 28 were screened for their antiproliferative activity in vitro against neoplastic and normal cell lines. The most active two compounds were: 2-(o-bromophenylene)-3-cyano-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole (24) and 3-cyano-4-phenyl-2-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole (23). However, similarly like cisplatin used as the control, they showed no selectivity towards cancer cells, by inhibiting proliferation of normal mouse fibroblasts in similar manner.

Open Access May 15, 2014

Synthesis and characterization of poly [N-acryloyl-(D/L), (+/−)-phenylalanine-co-(D/L), (−/+)N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N′-2-hydroxybutyl(urea)] copolymers

Emil Buruiana, Mioara Murariu, Tinca Buruiana

Page range: 1056-1066

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Abstract

Two monomers of (D/L), (+/−)-N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N′-2-hydroxybutyl(urea) methacrylate (D/L-MABU) type were prepared and further polymerized through free radical polymerization with optically active monomers containing phenylalanine sequences such as N-acryloyl-(D/L), (−/+)-phenylalanine (A-D/L-Phe). The resulting copolymers, i.e., poly[N-acryloyl-(D/L), (−/+)-phenylalanine-co-(D/L), (+/−)-N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N′-2-hydroxybutyl(urea)], A-D/L-Phe-co-D/L-MABU, were characterized by FT-IR, 1D/2D NMR (1H and 13C), UV-vis, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The copolymers obtained with a molar fraction of 0.76: 0.24 / 0.64: 0.36 monomer units had optical rotation values of −25° and +15°, respectively. Upon chemical modification of the phenylalanine-based copolymers with fluorescein-isothiocyanate, new fluorescent copolyacrylates (A-D/L-Phe-co-D/L-MABU-F) were synthesized and further studied for pH measurements in DMF solutions using HCl and NaOH 10−1M. It was found that sterioselectivity of the A-L-Phe-co-L-MABU-F copolymer is higher than of its dextro-form, especially at basic pH.

Open Access May 15, 2014

QSAR study of the DPPH· radical scavenging activity of coumarin derivatives and xanthine oxidase inhibition by molecular docking

Rodrigo Razo-Hernández, Kayim Pineda-Urbina, Marlene Velazco-Medel, Manuel Villanueva-García, M. Sumaya-Martínez, Francisco Martínez-Martínez, Zeferino Gómez-Sandoval

Page range: 1067-1080

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Abstract

A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) of coumarins by genetic algorithms employing physicochemical, topological, lipophilic and electronic descriptors was performed. We have used experimental antioxidant activities of specific coumarin derivatives against the DPPH· radical molecule. Molecular descriptors such as Randic Path/Walk, hydrophilic factor and chemical hardness were selected to propose a mathematical model. We obtained a linear correlation with R2 = 96.65 and Q LOO2 = 93.14 values. The evaluation of the predictive ability of the model was performed by applying the Q ASYM2, $\hat r^2 $ and Δr m2 methods. Fukui functions were calculated here for coumarin derivatives in order to delve into the mechanics by which they work as primary antioxidants. We also investigated xanthine oxidase inhibition with these coumarins by molecular docking. Our results show that hydrophobic, electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions are crucial in the inhibition of xanthine oxidase by coumarins.

Open Access May 15, 2014

Microstuctural analysis and determination of PM10 emission sources in an industrial Mediterranean city

Evangelos Tolis, Evangelos Gkanas, Eleni Pavlidou, Athina Skemperi, Jorge Pey, Noemi Pérez, John Bartzis

Page range: 1081-1090

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Abstract

Scientists are interested in knowing more about the control of sources which contribute to environmental pollution. Air pollution has two main sources: anthropogenic and natural sources. The natural contributions to environmental pollution can be assessed, but cannot be totally controlled. while the emissions from the anthropogenic sources can be controlled. These air pollutants can be dispersed and transferred by winds in the atmosphere. The focus area of this study is the Mediterranean basin. The most important winds in this area are the land and sea breezes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was applied to characterize the morphology of the PM10 samples in order to identify possible emission sources for the occuring pollution. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was performed for the elemental analysis and chemical characterization of the PM10 samples. The analysis showed that the PM10 samples can be divided into three different groups: the samples containing mineral phases, the compounds from combustion processes and the particles emitted from high-temperature processes.

Open Access May 15, 2014

Amperometric determination of sulfide ion by glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes and copper (II) phenanthroline complex

Mojtaba Shamsipur, Mahmoud Roushani, Seied Pourmortazavi, Nahid Shahabadi

Page range: 1091-1099

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Abstract

Electrocatalytic oxidation of sulfide ion on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and a copper (II) complex was investigated. The Cu(II) complex was used due to the reversibility of the Cu(II)/Cu(III) redox couple. The MWCNTs are evaluated as a transducer, stabilizer and immobilization matrix for the construction of amperometric sensor based on Cu(II) complex adsorbed on MWCNTs immobilized on the surface of GCE. The modified GCE was applied to the selective amperometric detection of sulfide at a potential of 0.47 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at pH 8.0. The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range of 5 µM–400 µM; while the limit of detection was 1.2 µM, the sensitivity was 34 nA µM−1. The interference effects of SO3 2−, SO4 2−, S2O3 2−, S4O6 2−, Cysteine, and Cystein were negligible at the concentration ratios more than 40 times. The modified electrode is more stable with time and more easily restorable than unmodified electrode surface. Also, modified electrode permits detection of sulfide ion by its oxidation at lower anodic potentials.

About this journal

Open Chemistry is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research, reviews, and communications in the fields of chemistry in an ongoing way. Our central goal is to provide a hub for researchers working across all subjects to present their discoveries, and to be a forum for the discussion of the important issues in the field.

There are no submission charges. In order to sustain the production of our fully-refereed open access journal, each article accepted for publication in Open Chemistry is subject to Article Processing Charges (APC).

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Heterogeneous nanophotocatalysts based on polyoxometalate
Submission deadline: 31.05.2023
Phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
Submission deadline: 30.06.2023
Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications
Submission deadline: 31.08.2023
Marine Environmental Sciences and significance of the multidiscplinary approaches for assessing pollutions, remedies, and predictions
Submission deadline: 31.08.2023
Energy conversion and energy storage reactions
Submission deadline: 30.09.2023

Recent Trends in Green Chemistry
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International Symposium on Synthesis and Catalysis 2023 (IsySyCat23)
Date: 5.09 - 8.09.2023
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Submission deadline: 30.09.2023
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