Open Access Published by De Gruyter Open Access

Volume 17 Issue 1

January 2019

Issue of Open Chemistry

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Contents
Journal Overview

Resistance to Dopamine agonists therapy is still a key factor that hinders the clinical treatment of prolactinoma. Consequently, a large number of investigations have been carried out to identify novel therapeutic targets. Our previous studies have suggested that the epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis of pituitary adenomas via EGFR/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway. In the present research, we found a positive staining of c-myc intimately associated with high-level EGFL7 in invasive prolactinoma compared to non-invasive prolactinoma and the normal pituitary gland. Meanwhile, PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling cascades closely related to the activation of c-myc. Therefore, this research was conducted to explore the cooperation effect of c-myc and EGFL7 in prolactinoma. The inhibition of c-myc with anti-c-myc antibodies significantly reduced the proliferation, PRL secretion and invasion of rat prolactinoma MMQ cells. Notably, down regulation c-Myc by in vitro administration of anti-c-Myc antibodies could significantly depress EGFL7 induced MMQ cell proliferation, PRL secretion and invasion. An anti-c-Myc antibody could block EGFL7 induced Akt activation, but the expression of p-ERK was not altered by an anti-c-Myc antibody. Thus, our results suggest that anti-c-myc efficacy could block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis via inhibited Akt activation in MMQ cells.

Group theory, the ultimate theory for symmetry, is a powerful tool that has a direct impact on research in robotics, computer vision, computer graphics and medical image analysis. Symmetry is very important in chemistry research and group theory is the tool that is used to determine symmetry. Usually, it is not only the symmetry of molecule but also the symmetries of some local atoms, molecular orbitals, rotations and vibrations of bonds, etc. that are important. Harada-Norton group is an example of a sporadic simple group. There are 14 maximal subgroups of Harada-Norton group. Generators (also known as words) of 11 maximal subgroups are already known. The aim of this note is to give generators of the remaining 3 maximal subgroups, which is an open problem mentioned on A World-wide-web Atlas of Group Representations (http://brauer.maths.qmul.ac.uk/Atlas) [1]. In this report we compute the generators of A 6 × A 6 . D 8 , 2 3+2+6 .(3 × L 3 (2)) and 3 4 : 2.( A 4 × A 4 ).4. Moreover we also compute the generators for the Maximal subgroups of some linear groups.

The toxicity of heavy metals and their capacity for accumulation in the human organism make it necessary to conduct monitoring of their concentration in food. The objective of the study was to determine the content of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in milk and dairy products from various regions of Poland: the Lublin Region, Podlasie, Podkarpacie, and Silesia. The study showed the presence of the analysed heavy metals in most of the products. The content of lead was related to the level of industrialisation of a region. Higher levels of Pb were found in products from Silesia than in those from the other regions. The study revealed the presence of cadmium in 50% of the samples. Its content varied in range from 0.0067 to 0.0058 mg/kg. The levels of Cu and Zn concentration in the analysed products were within broad ranges, from 0.0015 to 4.94 mg/kg and from 0.01 to 56.44 mg/kg, respectively. In the case of all analysed elements an increase in their concentration was noted in cheese spreads and cottage cheeses. No relationship was found between the content of heavy metals in the analysed products, and the region of their origin.

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Abstract

We report a ‘green’, simple and efficient approach for the production of graphene oxide (GO) by ultrasonic assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rods, and by using Improved Hummers’ graphene oxide (IGO) as an electrolyte. The effects of applied bias, electrolyte concentration and the duration of the electrochemical exfoliation on the quality of the GO nanosheets were investigated. The produced graphene oxide with a high yield (> 48%), and the lowest defect was obtained in the ultrasonic assisted electrochemical exfoliation performed at 0.05% IGO mass percent in DI water and 50 V applied bias for 1 hour at room temperature. The structural, morphological and physical properties of the obtained nanostructures were analyzed by XRD, Raman, FESEM, STEM techniques and thermal conductivity analysis, respectively. The characteristic Raman bands were observed at 1354 cm -1 and 1590 cm -1 for the prepared GO nanosheets. The produced graphene oxides exhibited a lateral dimension of 3-7 μm revealed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). It was observed that the thermal conductivity enhancement of 14.95% was obtained for GO, which was higher than the other IGO nanofluid (7.64%) with respect to DI water at 20 o C.

Trepel is the local name for a mixture of diatomaceous earth and clay minerals. It represents a greyish, soft, very light, weakly cemented, fine biogenetic sedimentary rock. The studied material is taken from the vicinity of Bitola city (Republic of Macedonia). Here, trepel was treated up to three temperature intervals (800, 1000 and 1200C) for a period of 1 hour. The X-ray powder diffraction results indicate the presence of both an amorphous phase and the following crystalline phases: quartz, feldspars (plagioclase), mica (muscovite) and chlorites. The results of SEM analysis revealed skeletons of alga Diatomeae with nano-pores. By thermal treatment of the samples, a gradual change in color as well as higher bulk density and compressive strength was observed. The increase of the temperature, in addition, affected the mineralogical composition and increased the presence of the amorphous phase (aluminasilicate glassy phase). SEM results of the thermally investigated samples depicted morphological changes expressed by shrinkage of the pore diameters in comparison to the initial material. The major and minor constituents were established by chemical analysis revealing the following chemical composition of raw trepel: SiO 2 (63.65 wt%), Al 2 O 3 (11.76 wt%), Fe 2 O 3 (5.93 wt%), MnO (0.13 wt%), TiO 2 (0.63 wt%), CaO (1.42 wt%), MgO (2.22 wt%), P 2 O 5 (0.11 wt%), K 2 O (1.63 wt%), Na 2 O (0.92 wt%), LOI (11.50 wt%).

Phosphate(V) ions were recovered from wastewaters of different chemical compositions in a continuous reaction crystallization of struvite. Two real wastewaters were represented by an effluent sample from the phosphorus mineral fertilizer industry and by liquid manure derived from a cattle-breeding farm. Two other wastewaters were prepared under laboratory conditions. Impurities present in the wastewaters caused the precipitation of solid products of distinctly different quality. The mean size of struvite crystals varied from ca . 18 to ca . 40 μm. Homogeneity within their populations, quantified by the coefficient of variation CV , varied from satisfactory ( CV ca . 75%) to unfavorable ( CV ca . 100%), which resulted in the elongation of necessary filtration time. Calcium ions in wastewater precipitated as amorphous hydrated calcium phosphates ACP. Their content in the products varied from 33.4 up to 73.1 mass %. Also 28.32 – 32.74 mass % of P 2 O 5 , 6.35 – 14.12 mass % of MgO and 4.35 – 16.94 mass % of CaO were confirmed in the products, together with hydroxides of some metals and salts of other impurities. Based on the chemical composition of the products derived from the investigated wastewaters, their application in agriculture as valuable mineral fertilizers is recommended.

The constant presence of parabens in natural surface waters has raised a growing concern of the potential long-term toxic effects that parabens may have in wildlife, mainly as endocrine disruptors. The present report describes the results of a study in which different photocatalyzed systems, such as photo-Fenton, Fenton, UV-H 2 O 2 , UV-TiO 2 and UV-TiO 2 -H 2 O 2 , were applied to the removal of these recalcitrant pollutants in some surface waters, including natural (e.g. rivers) and man-made (e.g. reservoirs and wastewater treatment plants). Degradation of four widely-used parabens (methyl-paraben, ethyl-paraben, propyl-paraben and butyl-paraben) was analyzed. Experimental results reveal that the most efficient method to combat these emerging pollutants was photo-Fenton. When this process was optimized, optimal removal efficiency was attained using doses of H 2 O 2 and Fe(II) equal to 2.92·10 −4 mol dm -3 and 1.85·10 −5 mol dm -3 , respectively. It is also worth noting that the removal rate of these contaminants is slower in natural waters. The results suggest that the photo-Fenton process is promising and maybe an adequate technology for the treatment of these persistent contaminants.

The present research is focused on evaluation of complexation ability of Monensic acid (MonH) towards La 3+ and Nd 3+ ions. Changes in the SRCD spectrum of Monensinate anion were monitored upon addition of lanthanide(III) ions. The antibiotic undergoes formation of one neutral ([Ln(Mon) 3 (H 2 O) 3 ]) and two positively charged complex species of composition [Ln(Mon) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] + and [Ln(Mon) (H 2 O)] 2+ , respectively (Ln = La 3+ , Nd 3+ ). Neutral complexes were isolated as fine powders and were characterized by IR, FAB-MS and ESI-MS. It is assumed that Monensin acts in bidentate coordination mode via monodentate carboxylate moiety and hydroxyl group, both located at the opposite ends of antibiotic molecule. Activity of Monensic acid and [Ln(Mon) 3 (H 2 O) 3 ] to decrease visible bacteria growth of B. subtilis, S. Lutea and B. mycoides was evaluated by agar hole diffusion method. Results showed that complexation of lanthanide(III) ions to Monensin enhances the activity of non-coordinated ligand. Antitumor efficacy of compounds was assayed on human triple negative breast cancer and transplantable sarcoma in rat. The cytotoxicity was accessed by MTT test, NR uptake, CV assay and double AO/PI staining. Experimental data revealed that Monensic acid and [Ln(Mon) 3 (H 2 O) 3 ] possess concentration- and time-dependent activity, and express promising cytotoxic properties against human and rat permanent cancer cell lines. Graphical Abstract

Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins

Open Access June 12, 2019

Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates

Jinquan Huang, Changwei Zhang, Dongbing Cheng, Bo Hu, Pingcang Zhang, Zhigang Wang, Jigen Liu, Zhongwu Li

Page range: 381-391

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Abstract

The dynamics of eroded and retained soil organic carbon (SOC) may provide critical clues for evaluating impacts of soil erosion on global carbon cycling. Distribution patterns of soil aggregates in eroded and deposited environments are shaped by selective transport of water erosion. Therefore, detecting the pattern of SOC mineralization in soils dominated by aggregates of different sizes is essential to accurately explore the dynamics of eroded and retained SOCs in eroded and deposited environments. In the present study, the characteristics of SOC mineralization and its relationship to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by different sizes of soil aggregates were investigated. The results demonstrated that the SOC mineralization rate of soils dominated by graded aggregates were significantly different, indicating that SOC mineralization in eroded and deposited environments are shaped by selective transport of water erosion. The highest mineralization rate was found in soils containing 1-2 mm aggregates at the initial stage of the experiment, and the daily average mineralization rate of the < 0.5 mm aggregates was significantly higher than that of the 2-3 mm aggregates. During the incubation, fungal communities exhibited a low dynamic character, whereas the composition of bacterial communities in all treatments changed significantly and had obvious differences relative to each other. Bacterial species diversities and relative abundances in the <0.5mm and the 2-3mm aggregates showed opposite dynamic characteristics. However, there were no statistical interactions between the dynamics of microbial communities and the changes of SOC or soil water content. Changes in bacterial community structure had no significant impact on the mineralization of SOC, which might be related to the quality of SOC or the specific utilization of carbon sources by different functional groups of microorganisms. Mineralization of the eroded and retained SOCs with specific qualities in relation to their functional microorganisms should be further explored in the future.

Open Access December 31, 2019

A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis

Pinzhu Qin, Dawei Huang, Zihao Xu, Ying Guan, Yongxin Bing, Ang Yu

Page range: 1301-1308

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Abstract

An aptasensor for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) in environmental samples was developed. It displayed high sensitivity and good selectivity. Factors such as specific binding between a FAM (5-carboxyfluorescein)-labeled aptamer (f-RP) and OTA, and a magnetic property of a streptavidin magbeads-modified capture probe (bm-CP) resulted in aptasensor’s linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of OTA. This characteristic is present at the OTA concentration ranges from 0.100 μM to 25.00 μM with a LOD (limit of detection) of 0.0690 μM. The bm-CP can be reused through melting, washing and magnetic separation, which contributes to cost reduction. In addition, the proposed method is simple and detection process is fast. The aptasensor can be used in real samples.

In this study, composite materials consisting in HKUST-1 [Cu 3 (BTC) 2 ] (BTC: benzene 1, 3, 5-tricarboxylate) and an Indonesian activated natural zeolite (ANZ) from Klaten, Central Java, were successfully prepared and characterized. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the combination of these two materials on the characteristics of the composite as well as to determine its CO 2 gas adsorption ability. The composite HKUST-1-ANZ (ANZ@HKUST-1) was synthesized in two different techniques, i.e., solvothermal and sonication method. The obtained materials exhibited X-ray diffractogram characteristics of both HKUST-1 and ANZ. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed a combination of peaks from HKUST-1 and ANZ, i.e. peaks assigned to carboxylate groups and bonds between Cu-O from HKUST-1, as well as N-H bending and SiO from ANZ. The addition of ANZ to HKUST-1 decreased its surface area and nitrogen sorption capacity. Application of the composites as CO 2 capture materials shows their CO 2 adsorption capacity is increased (ca. 12%) comparing to the initial materials. Graphical Abstract

With the purpose of studying the influence of NO/O 2 on the NO x storage activity, a Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst was synthesized by an acid-aided sol-gel method. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) methods. The results showed that the composition of the catalyst was well-crystallized and the crystalline size of CeO 2 (111) was about 5.7 nm. The mechanism of NO and NO 2 storage and NO x temperature programmed desorption (NO-TPD) experiments were investigated to evaluate the NO x storage capacity of the catalyst. Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst presented the supreme NO x storage performance at 350℃, and the maximum value reached to 668.8 μmol / g cat . Compared with O 2 -free condition, NO oxidation to NO 2 by O 2 had a beneficial effect on the storage performance of NO x . NO-TPD test results showed that the NO x species stored on the catalyst surface still kept relatively stable even below 350℃.

The gold immunochromatography assay (GICA), a new immunochromatography technique, uses a nitrocellulose membrane as a carrier and a colloidal gold-labeled antigen or antibody as a tracer (bioreceptor). This technology has many advantages over other immunoassays, including its simplicity, rapidity, cheapness, and the lack of a requirement for special training or expensive equipment, and it can be used to detect either antigens or antibodies. Therefore, we chose to develop this method for the diagnosis of candidiasis in Indonesia. The objective of the present study was to develop a diagnostic test for Candida albicans in rats using the GICA method. GICA bioreceptors were developed from biofilm antigens isolated from biofim Candida albicans grown on the surface of nitrocellulose membranes. The formation of biofilms was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. Antigen levels as bioreceptors were optimized by using the immuno dot method. The samples to be analyzed were antibody serum, in the form of blood serum samples from heart mice that have been induced to become candidiasis. To this end, we optimized the antigen and antibody volumes necessary to make this diagnosis. The results show that the optimum concentration of antigen to be used in the test is 2.5 μg/μL and the optimum volume of antibody is 10 μL. The control rats produced a single red stripe on the control line and the candidiasis rat samples produced a double red stripe, with the bottom line being the control line and the upper line the test line. The test chip was successfully used for the diagnosis of candidiasis in rats and given the name “Candiday Kit.”. We anticipate that this test will be suitable for the diagnosis of candidiasis in humans

Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019

Open Access December 18, 2019

Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Fengyun Tao, Yangping Liu, Junliang Chen, Peng Wang, Qing Huo

Page range: 1173-1184

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Abstract

The disposal of residues while manufacturing Chinese medicine has always been an issue that concerns pharmaceutical factories. Phanerochaete chrysosporium was inoculated into the residues of Magnolia officinalis for solid-phase fermentation to enzymatically hydrolyze the lignin in the residues and thus to improve the efficiency of removal of the copper ions from residues for the utilization of residues from Chinese medicine. With the increase in activities of lignin-degrading enzymes, especially during the fermentation days 6 to 9, the removal rate of copper ions using M. officinalis residues increased dramatically. The rate of removal reached the maximum on the 14 th day and was 3.15 times higher than the initial value. The rate of adsorption of copper ions on the fermentation-modified M. officinalis residues followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption isotherms were consistent with the Freundlich models. The adsorption enthalpy was positive, indicating that it was endothermic and elevation in temperature was favorable to this adsorption process. The adsorption free energy was negative, implying the spontaneity of the process. The copper ions adsorbed could be effectively recovered using 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution. After five successive cycles of adsorption-regeneration, the fermentation-modified M. officinalis residues exhibited a stable adsorption capacity and greater reusability. The M. officinalis residues fermented with P. chrysosporium are low-cost and environmentally friendly copper ions adsorbent, and this preparation technique realizes the optimum utilization of Chinese medicine residues.

Erratum

Open Access July 1, 2019

Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon

S. Anas Boussaa, A. Kheloufi, N. Boutarek Zaourar

Page range: 475-476

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About this journal

Open Chemistry is a peer-reviewed open access journal that publishes original research, reviews, and communications in the fields of chemistry in an ongoing way. Our central goal is to provide a hub for researchers working across all subjects to present their discoveries, and to be a forum for the discussion of the important issues in the field.

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Open Chemistry aims to publish high quality research in the following areas:

Biological Chemistry/Biochemistry including bioanalytical chemistry, biochemistry and biological chemistry, biophysics and chemical physics in biology

Analytical Chemistry including electrochemistry, environmental chemistry, spectroscopy
Physical Chemistry including catalysis, chemical kinetics and reactivity, chemical physics, computational chemistry, chemometrics and QSAR, hydrogen technologies, hydrogen storage, nanochemistry, photochemistry, physical chemistry and physical organic chemistry, radiochemistry and nuclear chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, surface chemistry and colloids, theoretical chemistry, thermodynamics
Inorganic Chemistry including coordination chemistry, crystallography, materials and solid- state chemistry
Organic Chemistry including macromolecules and polymers, natural product chemistry, organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry, phytochemistry
Interference with other sciences including clinical chemistry, marine chemistry, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry

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In order to sustain the publishing process, each article accepted for publication in Open Chemistry is subject to an Article Processing Charge of €1200. This fee is used to cover the costs of the peer-review process, professional typesetting and copyediting, as well as online hosting, long-term preservation, and extensive promotion to potential readers. There is no submission fee. Information regarding payment of the charge will be provided following acceptance for publication. For more information please go to Article Processing Charges

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Volume 17 Issue 1

Issue of Open Chemistry

Research on correlation of compositions with oestrogenic activity of Cistanche based on LC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technology

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Efficacy of Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia in acetic acid–induced colitis model

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Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive features of Bryonia alba L.: As a possible alternative in treating rheumatism

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High efficiency liposome fusion induced by reducing undesired membrane peptides interaction

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Prediction of the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Using RP-18 Thin Layer Chromatography

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Phytic Acid Extracted from Rice Bran as a Growth Promoter for Euglena gracilis

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Development of a validated spectrofluorimetric method for assay of sotalol hydrochloride in tablets and human plasma: application for stability-indicating studies

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Topological Indices of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates’ Molecular Structure in Cancer Treatment

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Thermodynamic properties of the bubble growth process in a pool boiling of water-ethanol mixture two-component system

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Critical Roles of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis and Autophagy of Astrocytes Induced by Methamphetamine

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Characteristics of Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Soil Moisture under Different Land Use in Dry Hot Valley of Yuanmou

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Specific, highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method for quantification of daclatasvir in HCV human plasma patients and in tablets dosage form

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Chromium-modified cobalt molybdenum nitrides as catalysts for ammonia synthesis

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Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo

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Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR

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Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks

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The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study

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Minimal Energy Tree with 4 Branched Vertices

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Jatropha seed oil derived poly(esteramide-urethane)/ fumed silica nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection

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Calculating topological indices of certain OTIS interconnection networks

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Energy storage analysis of R125 in UIO-66 and MOF-5 nanoparticles: A molecular simulation study

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Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS

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Effects of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract, Capping Agents, on the Synthesis of Pure And Cu Doped ZnO-Nanoparticles: A Green Approach and Microbial Activity

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Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study

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A proposed image-based detection of methamidophos pesticide using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system

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Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola

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Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents

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Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)

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Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis

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The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion

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Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells

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Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol

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Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT4, FT3 –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan

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A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor

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Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol

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Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi

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miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas

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Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system

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Influence of sub-inhibitory concentration of selected plant essential oils on the physical and biochemical properties of Pseudomonas orientalis

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Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh₂ regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo

Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na⁺(H₂O)_n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study

Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT₄, FT₃ –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan

Synthesis, characterization (IR, ¹H, ¹³C & ³¹P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds

Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO₂ Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics

Synthesis of Co₃O₄ Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications