journal: Computational and Mathematical Biophysics

Open Access Veröffentlicht seit 30. März 2018

Computational and Mathematical Biophysics

(formerly Molecular Based Mathematical Biology)

ISSN: 2544-7297

Editor-in-Chief: Guowei Wei

Herausgegeben von: Julie Mitchell, Shan Zhao

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Über diese Zeitschrift

The mission of Computational and Mathematical Biophysics is to publish the highest quality work that promotes the development of theoretical formulations, mathematical models, numerical algorithms, and computational techniques for elucidating molecular mechanisms and for solving open problems at the forefront of molecular bioscience and biophysics.

Aims and Scope

Computational and Mathematical Biophysics publishes original articles, letters, and reviews that concern the application of computational and mathematical approaches to important problems in molecular bioscience and biophysics, such as biomolecular structure and function, solvation, electrostatics, biomolecular dynamics and transport, ion channels, membrane transporters, protein interactions with ligands, proteins, and nucleic acids, signaling, genomic biophysics, cryo-electron microscopy, molecular motors, and rational drug design. Theoretical, computational, and mathematical studies, that can improve the understanding of experimental results or simulate systems for which experiments are intractable, are particularly welcomed.

Studies of molecular bioscience and biophysics from all areas of computational and mathematical sciences are appropriate, including differential equations, functional analysis, harmonic analysis, Lie group, Lie algebra, geometry, graph theory, topology, multiscale modeling, inverse problem, optimization, stochastic analysis, uncertainty quantification, statistical inference, nonparametric regression, imaging, visualization, linear programming, combinatorics, fuzzy logic, Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics, machine learning, manifold learning, data mining, big data analysis, high-performance computing, software and database development.

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In order to sustain the publishing process, each article accepted for publication in Computational and Mathematical Biophysics is subject to an Article Processing Charge of €500. This fee is used to cover the costs of the peer-review process, professional typesetting and copyediting, as well as online hosting, long-term preservation, and extensive promotion to potential readers. There is no submission fee. Information regarding payment of the charge will be provided following acceptance for publication. For more information please go to Article Processing Charges.

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Special Issues

Recent Trends in Mathematical Biology, Theory, Methods, and Applications
Guest Editors:
Dr. Krishna Kiran Vamsi Dasu, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning (SSSIHL), India
Dr. Muthu Poosan Moopanar, Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology (N.I.T)
Dr. Jai Prakash Tripathi, Department of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, India
Dr. Ram Singh, School of Engineering and Technology, BGSB University
Submission due date: November 31st, 2023

Differential Equations and Control Problems with Applications to Biological Systems
Guest Editors:
Dr. Muslim Malik (Lead), Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, India
Dr. Syed Abbas, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, India
Dr. Shruti Dubey, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaDr. Jagdev Singh, JECRC University, Jaipur, India
Submission due date: November 15^th, 2023

Infectious Disease Modeling In the Era of Post COVID-19
Lead Guest Editors:
Dr. Krishna Kiran vamsi Dasu, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Andhra Pradesh, India
Guest Editors:
Dr. Nitu Kumari, School of Basic Sciences, IIT Mandi, Kamand, India
Dr. Ritesh Kumar Dubey, Department of Mathematics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
Dr. Pankaj Kumar Tiwari, Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Bhagalpur, India
Submission due date: March 31st, 2023

Special Issue on Application of differential equations to the biological systems
Guest Editors:
Dr. Prashant K. Srivastava (Lead), Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India
Dr. Surabhi Pandey, Indian Institute of Public Health, India
Dr. Nutan K. Tomar, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India
Dr. Amit K. Verma, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India
Submission due date: August 31, 2023

Enhanced Sampling Methods for Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Guest Editors:
(Lead) Dr. Surl-Hee (Shirley) Ahn, University of California Davis, USA
Dr. Yinglong Miao, University of Kansas, USA
Dr. Ioan Andricioaei, University of California Irvine, USA
Submission due date: December 1st, 2023

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Band 11 Heft 1

Januar 2023

Special Issue: Modeling for COVID-19 Decision Making in Health Policy Evaluation

Open Access 28. Februar 2023

Stochastic optimal and time-optimal control studies for additional food provided prey–predator systems involving Holling type III functional response

Daliparthi Bhanu Prakash, Dasu Krishna Kiran Vamsi

Artikelnummer: 20220144

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Abstract

This article consists of a detailed and novel stochastic optimal control analysis of a coupled non-linear dynamical system. The state equations are modelled as an additional food-provided prey–predator system with Holling type III functional response for predator and intra-specific competition among predators. We first discuss the optimal control problem as a Lagrangian problem with a linear quadratic control. Second, we consider an optimal control problem in the time-optimal control setting. We initially establish the existence of optimal controls for both these problems and later characterize these optimal controls using the Stochastic maximum principle. Further numerical simulations are performed based on stochastic forward-backward sweep methods for realizing the theoretical findings. The results obtained in these optimal control problems are discussed in the context of biological conservation and pest management.

Special Issue: Infectious Disease Modeling In the Era of Post COVID-19

Open Access 16. Juni 2023

A comprehensive and detailed within-host modeling study involving crucial biomarkers and optimal drug regimen for type I Lepra reaction: A deterministic approach

Dinesh Nayak, Bishal Chhetri, Krishna Kiran Vamsi Dasu, Swapna Muthusamy, Vijay M. Bhagat

Artikelnummer: 20220148

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Abstract

Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) is an infectious, neglected tropical disease caused by the Mycobacterium Leprae (M. Leprae). About 2,02,189 new cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. Lepra reactions are an off shoot of leprosy infection causing major nerve damage leading to disability. Early detection of lepra reactions through the study of biomarkers can prevent subsequent disabilities. Motivated by these observations, in this study, we have proposed and analyzed a three-dimensional mathematical model to capture the dynamics of susceptible schwann cells, infected schwann cells, and the bacterial load based on the pathogenesis of leprosy. We did the stability analysis, numerical simulations, and also performed the sensitivity analysis using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, partial rank correlation coefficient, and Sobol’s index methods. We later performed the optimal control studies with both multi-drug therapy and steroid interventions as control variables. Finally, we did the comparative and effectiveness study of these different control interventions.

Open Access 21. Juni 2023

Application of dynamic mode decomposition and compatible window-wise dynamic mode decomposition in deciphering COVID-19 dynamics of India

Kanav Singh Rana, Nitu Kumari

Artikelnummer: 20220152

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic recently caused a huge impact on India, not only in terms of health but also in terms of economy. Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of the disease spread is crucial for controlling the outbreak. In this study, we apply the compatible window-wise dynamic mode decomposition (CwDMD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) techniques to the COVID-19 data of India to model the spatial-temporal patterns of the epidemic. We preprocess the COVID-19 data into weekly time-series at the state-level and apply both the CwDMD and DMD methods to decompose the data into a set of spatial-temporal modes. We identify the key modes that capture the dominant features of the COVID-19 spread in India and analyze their phase, magnitude, and frequency relationships to extract the temporal and spatial patterns. By incorporating rank truncation in each window, we have achieved greater control over the system’s output, leading to better results. Our results reveal that the COVID-19 outbreak in India is driven by a complex interplay of regional, demographic, and environmental factors. We identify several key modes that capture the patterns of disease spread in different regions and over time, including seasonal fluctuations, demographic trends, and localized outbreaks. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the patterns of the COVID-19 outbreak in India using both CwDMD and DMD methods. These findings can help public health organizations to develop more effective strategies for controlling the spread of the pandemic. The CwDMD and DMD methods can be applied to other countries to identify the unique drivers of the outbreak and develop effective control strategies.

Open Access 13. Juli 2023

Role of ecotourism in conserving forest biomass: A mathematical model

Rachana Pathak, Archana Singh Bhadauria, Manisha Chaudhary, Harendra Verma, Pankaj Mathur, Manju Agrawal, Ram Singh

Artikelnummer: 20220153

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Abstract

Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people. Its purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds for ecological censervation, to directly benifit the economic development, and political empowerment of local communities. Ecotourism has come up as an important conservation strategy in the tropical areas where diversity of species and habitats are threatened because of the traditional forms of development. This study deals with a non-linear mathematical model with a novel idea for sustainable development of biomass with ecotourism which is imperative in the present scenario. Stability and bifurcation analysis of the model is done and it is observed from our study that the system predicts unstability and exhibits bifurcation if ecotourism goes beyond a threshold value.

Open Access 19. Juli 2023

Impact of cross border reverse migration in Delhi–UP region of India during COVID-19 lockdown

Shubhangi Dwivedi, Saravana Keerthana Perumal, Sumit Kumar, Samit Bhattacharyya, Nitu Kumari

Artikelnummer: 20220151

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Abstract

The declaration of a nationwide lockdown in India led to millions of migrant workers, particularly from Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Bihar, returning to their home states without proper transportation and social distancing from cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, and Hyderabad. This unforeseen migration and social mixing accelerated the transmission of diseases across the country. To analyze the impact of reverse migration on disease progression, we have developed a disease transmission model for the neighboring Indian states of Delhi and UP. The model’s essential mathematical properties, including positivity, boundedness, equilibrium points (EPs), and their linear stability, as well as computation of the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) \left({R}_{0}) , are studied. The mathematical analysis reveals that the model with active reverse migration cannot reach a disease-free equilibrium, indicating that the failure of restrictive mobility intervention caused by reverse migration kept the disease propagation alive. Further, PRCC analysis highlights the need for effective home isolation, better disease detection techniques, and medical interventions to curb the spread. The study estimates a significantly shorter doubling time for exponential growth of the disease in both regions. In addition, the occurrence of synchronous patterns between epidemic trajectories of the Delhi and UP regions accentuates the severe implications of migrant plight on UP’s already fragile rural health infrastructure. By using COVID-19 incidence data, we quantify key epidemiological parameters, and our scenario analyses demonstrate how different lockdown plans might have impacted disease prevalence. Based on our observations, the transmission rate has the most significant impact on COVID-19 cases. This case study exemplifies the importance of carefully considering these issues before implementing lockdowns and social isolation throughout the country to combat future outbreaks.

Open Access 14. August 2023

Cost-effective optimal control analysis of a COVID-19 transmission model incorporating community awareness and waning immunity

Sonu Lamba, Prashant K. Srivastava

Artikelnummer: 20230154

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Abstract

This article presents a cost-effective optimal control analysis of interventions applied to a S2EI2RS type deterministic compartmental model of COVID-19, considering community awareness and immunity loss. We introduce two time-dependent controls, namely, home quarantine and treatment, to the model for defining an optimal control problem (OCP). In addition to some basic qualitative properties, we obtain the reproductive threshold R 0 {R}_{0} by using the next-generation method and see the impact of controls on it. We also investigate the effect of community awareness and waning immunity, when no controls are applied. The existence and characterization of optimal controls is proved to establish the optimality system, and the OCP is solved using the forward–backward sweep method. The results are simulated using MATLAB. Our comparative cost-effective analysis indicates that implementing both control strategies simultaneously, along with community awareness, is the most optimal and sustainable way to flatten COVID-19 curves in a short period of time than that of implementing single controls. This article offers valuable insights that can assist policymakers and public health experts in designing targeted and effective control measures for COVID-19 and future epidemics in the post-COVID era. Therefore, this piece of work could be a valuable contribution to the existing literature.

Open Access 14. November 2023

Evaluating early pandemic response through length-of-stay analysis of case logs and epidemiological modeling: A case study of Singapore in early 2020

Jaya Sreevalsan-Nair, Anuj Mubayi, Janvi Chhabra, Reddy Rani Vangimalla, Pritesh Rajesh Ghogale

Artikelnummer: 20230104

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Abstract

It is now known that early government interventions in pandemic management helps in slowing down the pandemic in the initial phase, during which a conservative basic reproduction number can be maintained. There have been several ways to evaluate these early response strategies for COVID-19 during its outbreak globally in 2020. As a novelty, we evaluate them through the lens of patient recovery logistics. Here, we use a data-driven approach of recovery analysis in a case study of Singapore during January 22–April 01, 2020, which is effectively the analysis of length-of-stay in the government healthcare facility, National Center for Infectious Diseases. We propose the use of a data-driven method involving periodization, statistical analysis, regression models, and epidemiological models. We demonstrate that the estimates of reproduction number in Singapore shows variation in different age groups and periods, indicating the success of early intervention strategy in the initial transmission stages of the pandemic.

Special Issue: Application of differential equations to the biological systems

Open Access 3. November 2023

An eco-epidemiological model with predator switching behavior

Deepak Tripathi, Anuraj Singh

Artikelnummer: 20230101

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Abstract

Switching mechanism is adopted by predator populations when they are provided with two types of prey: susceptible and infected. In this study, we propose a modification of an eco-epidemiological model with the predator switching mechanism. In the presence of switching behavior, the existence of steady states and their stability have been discussed. The qualitative changes in the proposed model have been observed by the existence of transcritical and Hopf bifurcation. Numerical simulations are performed to support our numerical findings. In the context of species’ survival when disease is present in the system, it gives some theoretical views for eco-managers to understand the dynamics.

Open Access 15. November 2023

A numerical method for MHD Stokes model with applications in blood flow

Chitranjan Pandey, B. V. Rathish Kumar

Artikelnummer: 20230105

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Abstract

The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Stokes equations have several applications in the field of biofluid dynamics. In the present study, we propose the staggered finite volume method (S-FVM) for MHD Stokes equations and establish its equivalence to a nonconforming finite element approximation. We also theoretically establish the convergence of the proposed S-FVM. The error estimation is carried out in an unstructured grid framework which is known for its flexibility and robustness in dealing with complex domains. The apriori estimate shows that the L 2 {L}_{2} -norm of the error for the pressure and velocity components is of order h h , the spacial grid size. After validating the numerical performance of the scheme against benchmark test cases, we do numerical simulations for the blood flow through an injured arteriole and analyze the influence of the magnetic force on hemodynamics in the arteriole under an injured condition.

Special Issue: Differential Equations and Control Problems

Open Access 6. November 2023

Study of nanolayer on red blood cells as drug carrier in an artery with stenosis

Bhawini Prasad

Artikelnummer: 20230103

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Abstract

This article discusses a novel idea from cell therapy in which nanoparticles (NPs) are adsorbed on red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs serve as a drug carrier for NPs or nanodrugs adsorbed on the cell membrane of RBC. For the purpose of examination, Fe 3 O 4 {{\rm{Fe}}}_{3}{{\rm{O}}}_{4} NPs are adsorbed on RBCs, collectively called NP-RBC complex. RBCs being a natural vascular carrier, have high transfusion rates and biocompatibility. This mathematical study provides a basis to attempt nanodrug delivery via RBCs, as carriers for nanodrugs, to the stenosed sites in an artery. The mathematical model is developed for an artery with stenosis and a catheter that regards the temperature and velocity of the NP-RBC complex. Catheter coated with the NP-RBC complex is inserted into the lumen of the stenosed artery. The mathematical problem is solved numerically using Bernstein polynomials. The physical features were discussed through graphs plotted using MATLAB. The influence of parameters such as volume fraction, radius of the NP-RBC complex in blood, and the thickness of the nanolayer on RBCs was studied. A noticeable outcome states that the nanolayer of optimum thickness about 50–40 nm is suitable for this purpose. Thus, this is an attempt to study the delivery of NPs adsorbed on the surface of RBCs to develop newfangled strategies in nanomedicine bearing high precision and efficiency.

Regular Articles

Open Access 8. Mai 2023

Stability analysis of an SIR model with alert class modified saturated incidence rate and Holling functional type-II treatment

Shivram Sharma, Praveen Kumar Sharma

Artikelnummer: 20220145

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Abstract

This study discusses an SIR epidemic model with modified saturated incidence rates and Holling functional type-II therapy. In this study, we take the new alert compartment (A) in the SIR compartment model. Consider the modified non-linear incidence rate from the susceptible to the infected class and the second non-linear incidence rate from the alert to the infected class. Further, we investigate the elementary reproduction number, the equilibrium points of the model, and their stability. We apply manifold theory to discuss bifurcations of the disease-free equilibrium point. This study shows that the infected population decreases with the Holling functional type II treatment rate. It also shows that the number of infected people decreases when the psychological rate increases and the contact rate decreases.

Open Access 8. Mai 2023

An SEIR model with modified saturated incidence rate and Holling type II treatment function

Shilpa Umdekar, Praveen Kumar Sharma, Shivram Sharma

Artikelnummer: 20220146

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Abstract

In this article, the behavior of an susceptible exposed infected recovered (SEIR) epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate and Holling type II treatment function is presented and analyzed. Reproduction number of the model is calculated. Equilibrium points are determined. Disease-free equilibrium exists when R 0 is below 1. Behavior of disease-free equilibrium is examined at R 0 = 1. Endemic equilibrium exists when R 0 crosses 1. Stability of both equilibrium points is investigated locally and globally. Simulation is provided to support the result.

Open Access 22. Mai 2023

Dynamic analysis of delayed vaccination process along with impact of retrial queues

Sudipa Chauhan, Shweta Upadhyaya, Payal Rana, Geetika Malik

Artikelnummer: 20220147

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Abstract

An unprecedented and precise time-scheduled rollout for the vaccine is needed for an effective vaccination process. This study is based on the development of a novel mathematical model considering a delay in vaccination due to the inability to book a slot in one go for a system. Two models are proposed which involve a delay differential equation mathematical model whose dynamical analysis is done to show how the delay in vaccination can destabilize the system. Further, this delay led to the formulation of a queuing model that accounts for the need to retry for the vaccination at a certain rate as delay in vaccination can have negative repercussions. The transition rates from one stage to another follow an exponential distribution. The transient state probabilities of the model are acquired by applying the Runge-Kutta method and hence performance indices are also obtained. These performance measures include the expected number of people in various states. Finally, numerical analysis is also provided to validate both models. Our results would specifically focus on what happens if the delay time increases or if the retrial rate increases (delay time decreases). The results reveal that a delay in being vaccinated by the first dose (i.e., 80 days) leads to an unstable system whereas there exists a delay simultaneously in getting vaccinated by both doses that destabilize the system early (i.e., 80 and 120 days for dose one and two, respectively). The system destabilizes faster in the presence of a delay for slot booking for both doses as compared to one dose delay. Further, the numerical results of queuing models show that if the retrial rate increases in this delay time to book the slots, it not only increases in the vaccinated class but also increases the recovered population.

Open Access 25. Mai 2023

A mathematical model to study the spread of COVID-19 and its control in India

Ram Naresh, Shyam Sundar, Sandhya Rani Verma, Jang Bahadur Shukla

Artikelnummer: 20220149

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Abstract

In this article, a nonlinear mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its control. Due to sudden emergence of a peculiar kind of infection, no vaccines were available, and therefore, the nonpharmaceutical interventions such as lockdown, isolation, and hospitalization were imposed to stop spreading of the infectious disease. The proposed model consists of six dependent variables, namely, susceptible population, infective population, isolated susceptible population who are aware of the undesirable consequences of the COVID-19, quarantined population of known infectives (symptomatic), recovered class, and the coronavirus population. The model exhibits two equilibria namely, the COVID-19-free equilibrium and the COVID-19-endemic equilibrium. It is observed that if basic reproduction number R 0 < 1 {R}_{0}\lt 1 , then the COVID-19-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable. However, the endemic equilibrium is locally as well as nonlinearly asymptotically stable under certain conditions if R 0 > 1 {R}_{0}\gt 1 . Model analysis shows that if safety measures are adopted by way of isolation of susceptibles and quarantine of infectives, the spread of COVID-19 disease can be kept under control.

Open Access 29. Mai 2023

Within-host models of dengue virus transmission with immune response

Poosan Muthu, Bikash Modak

Artikelnummer: 20220150

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Abstract

Dengue fever is an infectious viral fever. The complex behavior of the virus within the body can be explained through mathematical models to understand the virus’s dynamics. We propose two different with-in host models of dengue virus transmission with humoral immune response. The proposed models differ from one another because one of the models assumes that newly formed viruses infect healthy cells again. To understand the dynamics of the proposed models, we perform a comparative study of stability analysis, numerical simulation, and sensitivity analysis. The basic reproduction number (BRN) of the two models is computed using next-generation matrix method. The local stability (l.s) analysis is discussed using the linearization method. The Lyapunov’s direct method is used to check the global stability (g.s) of the models. It has been found that both the equilibrium states for both the models, namely, virus-free equilibrium state and endemic equilibrium state, are globally stable, based on the value of BRN. Results show the influence of immune response on the cell dynamics and virus particles. The virus neutralization rate by antibodies and rate that affects the antibody growth are highly sensitive for the two models. Optimal control is applied to explore the possible control strategies to prevent virus spread in the host system. It is evident from the results that the strategy to administrate antibiotic drugs and home remedies slow down the virus spread in the host.

Open Access 16. November 2023

A mathematical analysis of the impact of maternally derived immunity and double-dose vaccination on the spread and control of measles

Samuel Opoku, Baba Seidu, Philip N. A. Akuka

Artikelnummer: 20230106

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Abstract

Measles is a highly communicable viral infection that mostly affects children aged 5 years and below. Maternal antibodies in neonates help protect them from infectious diseases, including measles. However, maternal antibodies disappear a few months after birth, necessitating vaccination against measles. A mathematical model of measles, incorporating maternal antibodies and a double-dose vaccination, was proposed. Whenever ℛ 0 < 1 {{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}_{0}\lt 1 , the model is shown to be locally asymptotically stable. This means that the measles disease can be eliminated under such conditions in a finite time. It was established that ℛ 0 {{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}_{0} is highly sensitive to β \beta (the transmission rate). A numerical simulation of the model using the Runge-Kutta fourth-order scheme was carried out, showing that varying the parameters to reduce ℛ 0 {{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}_{0} will help control the measles disease and ultimately lead to eradication. The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine dosage should be adjusted for babies from recovered mothers, as maternal antibodies are usually high in such babies and can interfere with the effectiveness of the MMR vaccine.

CiteScore	3.2	2022, Scopus (Elsevier B.V., 2023)
SCImago Journal Rank	0.467	2022, SJR (Scimago Lab, 2023; Data Source: Scopus)
Source Normalized Impact per Paper	0.648	2022, CWTS Journal Indicators (CWTS B.V., 2023; Data Source: Scopus)
Index Copernicus Value	122.88	2022, ICI Journals Master List (Index Copernicus, 2023)

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Computational and Mathematical Biophysics encourages the submission of both substantial full-length bodies of work and shorter manuscripts that report novel findings. There are no specific length restrictions for the overall manuscript or individual sections; however, we urge the authors to present and discuss their findings in a concise and accessible manner.

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Conflict of interest: When authors submit a manuscript, they are responsible for recognizing and disclosing financial and/or other conflicts of interest that might bias their work and/or could inappropriately influence his/her judgment. If no specified acknowledgement is given, the Editors assume that no conflict of interest exists. Authors are encouraged to fill in the ICMJE Conflicts of Interest Form (available here) and send it in the electronic format to the Managing Editor.

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Peer Review process: Our standard policy requires each paper reporting primary research or secondary analysis of primary research, together with relevant supplementary materials if requested by Referees, to be reviewed by at least two Referees and the peer-review process is single-blind. The Editors reserve the right to decline the submitted manuscript without review, if the studies reported are not sufficiently novel or important to merit publication in the journal. Manuscripts deemed unsuitable (insufficient originality or of limited interest to the target audience) are returned to the author(s) without review. The Editor seeks advice from experts in the appropriate field. Research articles and communications are refereed by a minimum of two reviewers, review papers by at least three. Authors are requested to suggest persons competent to review their manuscript. However, please note that this will be treated only as a suggestion, and the final selection of reviewers is exclusively the Editor's decision. The final decision of acceptance in made by Managing Editor or, in case of conflict, by the Editor-in-Chief.

Scientific Misconduct: This journal publishes only original manuscripts that are not also published or going to be published elsewhere. Multiple submissions/publications, or redundant publications (re-packaging in different words of data already published by the same authors) will be rejected. If they are detected only after publication, the journal reserves the right to publish a Retraction Note. In each particular case Editors will follow COPE’s Core Practices and implement the advices.

Editorial

Editor-in-Chief
Guowei Wei, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA

Journal Editors
Julie C. Mitchell, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
Shan Zhao, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA

Associate Editors
Weihua Geng, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, USA
Duan Chen, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USA
Kelin Xia, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Editorial Advisory Board
Emil Alexov, Clemson University, Clemson, USA
Chandrajit Bajaj, University of Texas, Austin, USA
Pedro Ballester, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Marseille, France
Eric Cances, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Champs-sur-Marne, France
Qiang Cui, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, USA
Haibao Duan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Avner Friedman, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
Fei Han, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Christine E. Heitsch, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
Michael Holst, University of California , San Diego, USA
Nataša Jonoska, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
Patrice Koehl, University of California, Davis, USA
Fengchun Lei, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
Jie Liang, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
Chun Liu, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA
John Lowengrub, University of California, Irvine, USA
Michael Mascagni, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
Qing Nie, University of California, Irvine, USA
Alexey Onufriev, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA
Henri Orland, Institut de Physique Théorique (IPhT), CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Christof Schütte, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Reidun Twarock, University of York, York, UK
Mariel Vazquez, University of California, Davis, USA
Qi Wang, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
Jie Wu, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Zhijun Wu, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
Weitao Yang, Duke University, Durham, USA
John Z.H. Zhang, New York University, New York, USA
Yongcheng Zhou, Colorado State University, USA

Assistant Editors
Tania Hazra, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
Duc Nguyen, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
Sheik Ahmed Ullah, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA

Language Editors
David Bramer, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
Kristopher Opron, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
Leighton Wilson, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA

Publisher
DE GRUYTER Poland
Bogumiła Zuga 32A Str. 01-811 Warsaw, Poland
T: +48 22 701 50 15

Editorial Contact
Cmb.Editorial@degruyter.com

(English)

Typ: Zeitschrift
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: De Gruyter Open Access
Erstveröffentlichung: 30. März 2018
Erscheinungsweise: 1 Heft pro Jahr