Open Access Published by De Gruyter Open Access

Volume 10 Issue 1

January 2020

Issue of Open Engineering

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Contents
Journal Overview

The paper shows the usefulness of the roof geometry in determining of building outline. It was pointed out how analysis of the roof skeleton shape avoids many design errors. Omitting the criterion for the shape of the roof skeleton in the case of multi-criteria optimization can pose a lot of difficulties when designing a building. The problem is discussed in the case study.

Review Articles

Open Access June 10, 2020

Silicon-Germanium Dioxide and Aluminum Indium Gallium Arsenide-Based Acoustic Optic Modulators

Hazem M. El-Hageen, Aadel M. Alatwi, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed

Page range: 506-511

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to clarify the silicon-germanium dioxide (SiGeO2) and Aluminum Indium Gallium Arsenide (AlInGaAs) based acoustic optic modulators for upgrading transmission performance characteristics. The transient time response of these modulators is analyzed and discussed in detail. The 3-dB modulation signal bandwidth, diffraction signal efficiency, signal rise time, and signal quality factor with minimum data error rates are also considered. The proposed models with silicon-germanium dioxide and Aluminum Indium Gallium Arsenide acoustic optic modulators were compared to the previous model with silicon acoustic optic modulators. The results confirmed the high-performance efficiency of the proposed models when compared to the previous model, in both the lowest transient time response and the highest acoustic optic modulators speed response.

Open Access June 10, 2020

RZ Line Coding Scheme With Direct Laser Modulation for Upgrading Optical Transmission Systems

Hazem M. El-Hageen, Aadel M. Alatwi, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed

Page range: 546-551

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Abstract

This study reports the efficient use of a direct laser modulated response measured with the return-to-zero coding scheme in optical transmission systems. The measured direct laser modulated response has a bit rate of 1.2 Gbps for an optical fiber cable of a transmission length of 10 km. The eye diagram analyzer is used to calculate the maximum quality factor and minimum bit error rate of the proposed model. The maximum quality factor is 531.2, and the minimum bit error rate tends to zero for the same optical fiber channel length compared with that of the previous model. The proposed model provides better results than the previous model. The figures of the proposed model are more stable than those of its previous counterpart. Bit error rate approximately tends to zero in the proposed model.

The introduction of the paper highlights best practice in the area of deploying autonomous trucks in warehouses and the automotive industry, including the current technical possibilities of selected autonomous trucks. The next chapter presents the selected outputs of the scientific project “Center of Excellence for Intelligent Transport Systems” focused on a proposal of the methodology for calculating the necessary number of autonomous trucks and trolleys deployed in logistics warehouses. The methodology is based on the requirement that autonomous trucks do not have downtime. This represents a model solution with possible application in warehouse logistics but also in the automotive industry. The follow-up chapter proposes a methodological procedure to evaluate the efficiency of introducing autonomous trucks to pull trolleys in a logistics warehouse compared to conventional trucks operated by trained personnel. Autonomous trucks can theoretically be operated 365 days and 24 hours depending on the technology of their operation, battery charging, etc. On the other hand, there is generally a shortage of logistics personnel in the European Union as well as reliability and performance have been declining in recent years. The conclusion of the paper includes a discussion of the research results obtained and possibilities for future research.

Digital twins have gained a lot of attention in modern day industry, but practical challenges arise from the requirement of continuous and real-time data integration. The actual physical systems are also exposed to disturbances unknown to the real-time simulation. Therefore, adaptation is required to ensure reliable performance and to improve the usability of digital twins in monitoring and diagnostics. This study proposes a general approach to the real-time adaptation of digital twins based on a mechanism guided by evolutionary optimization. The mechanism evaluates the deviation between the measured state of the real system and the estimated state provided by the model under adaptation. The deviation is minimized by adapting the model input based on the differential evolution algorithm. To test the mechanism, the measured data were generated via simulations based on a physical model of the real system. The estimated data were generated by a surrogate model, namely a simplified version of the physical model. A case study is presented where the adaptation mechanism is applied on the digital twin of a marine thruster. Satisfactory accuracy was achieved in the optimization during continuous adaptation. However, further research is required on the algorithms and hardware to reach the real-time computation requirement.

Indonesia has the abundant potential of hydropower but not yet processed optimally, which intensely depends on fossil fuel. Hydropower installed in Indonesia is only 11,272 MW, from the estimated potential approximately 94,476 MW. This data shows that 89% of the hydropower potential in Indonesia has not been processed. One of the present efforts to utilize this resource is addressed to develop the Savonius water turbine. Conventional water Savonius turbines have a comprehensible structure and easy to be applied. However, the turbines produce relatively small power, which requires further assessment to improve its performance. The current study is performed by considering geometric changes on the water Savonius turbine to observe their effect on power characteristics. Considered changes are made on the number of stages, and the angle between stages, specifically a single-stage, two-stage 0°, Two-stage 90°, three-stage 0°, and three Stage 120°. The research was carried out by designing simulation model using ANSYS software with CFX Solver. Water speed is determined to 0.8 m/s, while plates with 110 mm in diameter and 110 mm in height are incorporated as rotor configuration. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the addition of the stage affected improving the performance of the Savonius water turbine, where the multi-stage turbine experienced an increment compared to conventional water turbines. The interesting tendency was found on the two-stage rotors with angle of 0° which produced a smaller Cpmax compared to the conventional water Savonius turbines.

The beginning of each construction investment is preceded by proper preparation. In the case of public procurement, this usually involves conducting a tender procedure to select a contractor for the works.Railway construction works require this rigor. This article will provide an overview of railway construction investments planned to be implemented in the current EU financial perspective. The key elements of the tender process related to individual stages of the tender will be analyzed.

The article presents the problem of planning the laser beam trajectory for the laser micromachining process. The article concerns on the ablative laser micromachining issues. Different effects of laser beam trajectory on pocket geometry in laser micromachining were investigated. The results of experimental tests are presented. Based on the research, potential causes of different effects of the laser beam for various trajectories were formulated. Several different types of trajectories for the assumed shape were developed for the purposes of the research. Laser micromachining was performed with fixed parameters of the laser device using different trajectories. The article indicates the significant impact of the laser beam trajectory on the effect of interaction on matter during the laser milling process, which is not often mentioned in scientific reports. The article presents the basic geometrical measurements indicating the need to determine the leading of the laser beam. Studieswere conducted using the microscopic observation methods and interferometric methods for estimating the surface condition. The article indicates the need for extensive research focusing on the mechanism of the impact of the laser beam scan strategy on the effect on the material during ablative laser machining. The article summarizes the analysis and discussion of research results.

There have been some hindrances in the process of programming learning. An adaptive learning system, such as ELaC, Java Guide, and Java Grader provides an adaptable learning content that can accommodate the learning styles as well as preferences of each learning individual. Moreover, an adaptive learning system can help students of different capabilities in learning programming. This study examined the outcomes of the implementation of an adaptive learning system in programming learning, as well as some finding results that were conducted according to the Systematic Literature Review framework. The research questions of this research were: problems faced during learning of programming as a background of system development, advantages and disadvantages of the system characteristics, technology, features, and effectiveness of the developed adaptive learning system. This research produced concepts that are summed up upon the related resources. The results of this study summarized whether the use of adaptive learning systems in learning programming could overcome the problems encountered during the learning process.

Topical Issue on Mathematical Modelling in Applied Sciences, III

Open Access July 7, 2020

An innovative learning approach for solar power forecasting using genetic algorithm and artificial neural network

Debasish Pattanaik, Sanhita Mishra, Ganesh Prasad Khuntia, Ritesh Dash, Sarat Chandra Swain

Page range: 630-641

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Abstract

Analysing the Output Power of a Solar Photo-voltaic System at the design stage and at the same time predicting the performance of solar PV System under different weather condition is a primary work i.e . to be carried out before any installation. Due to large penetration of solar Photovoltaic system into the traditional grid and increase in the construction of smart grid, now it is required to inject a very clean and economic power into the grid so that grid disturbance can be avoided. The level of solar Power that can be generated by a solar photovoltaic system depends upon the environment in which it is operated and two other important factor like the amount of solar insolation and temperature. As these two factors are intermittent in nature hence forecasting the output of solar photovoltaic system is the most difficult work. In this paper a comparative analysis of different solar photovoltaic forecasting method were presented. A MATLAB Simulink model based on Real time data which were collected from Odisha (20.9517 ∘ N, 85.0985 ∘ E), India. were used in the model for forecasting performance of solar photovoltaic system.

Open Access July 7, 2020

Hands-on Learning In STEM: Revisiting Educational Robotics as a Learning Style Precursor

Cucuk Budiyanto, Regina Nur Fitriyaningsih, Faiz Kamal, Rosihan Ariyuana, Agus Efendi

Page range: 649-657

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Abstract

The importance of learning style in student’s learning performance has been gaining scholar’s attention since it was coined in the early 70s. Atmatzidou’s robotics procedure of a five-stages robotic activities was deployed in the research. This study adopts a case study research design for gathering and analyzing data as the case research allows the exploration of unforeseen phenomena and offers insights into the interdependencies among components revealed in the study. This research introduces the use of Lego Mindstorm as the mean of pro-filing a student’s behavioral patterns. Student’s behavior patterns, then, mapped into radar charts to present the extent of both Kolb and science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM)’s profile of student’s learning style categories. The paper contributes to theory by extending Kolb’s Learning Style instrument by mapping the pattern of learning styles identified in the research and exploring students learning experience. Dominant four-domain-indicators captured during the activities characterize Students’ learning profiles. While the Kolb Learning Style and its instrument are considered classic in hands-on literature, the use of educational robotics to elaborate students’ learning style is novel in the literature that may affect the delivery of non-technology subjects in the curricula.

About this journal

Open Engineering publishes research results of wide interest in emerging interdisciplinary and traditional engineering fields, including:

electrical and computer engineering,
civil and environmental engineering,
mechanical and aerospace engineering,
material science and engineering.

The journal is designed to facilitate the exchange of innovative and interdisciplinary ideas between researchers from different countries. Open Engineering is a peer-reviewed, English language journal. Additionally, each published article is widely promoted to researchers working in the same field.

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Special Issues:

Volume 10 Issue 1

Issue of Open Engineering

Fabrication of aluminium covetic casts under different voltages and amperages of direct current

Abstract

Inhibition effect of the synergistic properties of 4-methyl-norvalin and 2-methoxy-4-formylphenol on the electrochemical deterioration of P4 low carbon mold steel

Abstract

Logistic regression in modeling and assessment of transport services

Abstract

Design and development of ultra-light front and rear axle of experimental vehicle

Abstract

Enhancement of cured cement using environmental waste: particleboards incorporating nano slag

Abstract

Evaluating ERP System Merging Success In Chemical Companies: System Quality, Information Quality, And Service Quality

Abstract

Accuracy of boundary layer treatments at different Reynolds scales

Abstract

Evaluation of stabiliser material using a waste additive mixture

Abstract

Optimisation of stress distribution in a highly loaded radial-axial gas microturbine using FEM

Abstract

Analysis of modern approaches for the prediction of electric energy consumption

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Surface Hardening of Aluminium Alloy with Addition of Zinc Particles by Friction Stir Processing

Abstract

Development and refinement of the Variational Method based on Polynomial Solutions of Schrödinger Equation

Abstract

Comparison of two methods for determining Q95 reference flow in the mouth of the surface catchment basin of the Meia Ponte river, state of Goiás, Brazil

Abstract

Applying Intelligent Portfolio Management to the Evaluation of Stalled Construction Projects

Abstract

Disjoint Sum of Products by Orthogonalizing Difference-Building ⴱ

Abstract

The Development of Information System with Strategic Planning for Integrated System in the Indonesian Pharmaceutical Company

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Simulation for Design and Material Selection of a Deep Placement Fertilizer Applicator for Soybean Cultivation

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Modeling transportation routes of the pick-up system using location problem: a case study

Abstract

Pinless friction stir spot welding of aluminium alloy with copper interlayer

Abstract

Roof Geometry in Building Design

Abstract

Silicon-Germanium Dioxide and Aluminum Indium Gallium Arsenide-Based Acoustic Optic Modulators

Abstract

RZ Line Coding Scheme With Direct Laser Modulation for Upgrading Optical Transmission Systems

Abstract

Autonomous vans - the planning process of transport tasks

Abstract

Drivers ’reaction time research in the conditions in the real traffic

Abstract

Design and evaluation of a new intersection model to minimize congestions using VISSIM software

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Mathematical approaches for improving the efficiency of railway transport

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An experimental analysis of the driver’s attention during train driving

Abstract

Risks associated with Logistics 4.0 and their minimization using Blockchain

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Service quality of the urban public transport companies and sustainable city logistics

Abstract

Charging electric cars as a way to increase the use of energy produced from RES

Abstract

The impact of the truck loads on the braking efficiency assessment

Abstract

Application of virtual and augmented reality in automotive

Abstract

Dispatching policy evaluation for transport of ready mixed concrete

Abstract

Use of mathematical models and computer software for analysis of traffic noise

Abstract

New developments on EDR (Event Data Recorder) for automated vehicles

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General Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Making Methods for Finding the Optimal Solution in City Logistics

Abstract

The influence of the cargo weight and its position on the braking characteristics of light commercial vehicles

Abstract

Modeling the Delivery Routes Carried out by Automated Guided Vehicles when Using the Specific Mathematical Optimization Method

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Modelling of the system “driver - automation - autonomous vehicle - road”

Abstract

Comparison of two methods for determining Q₉₅ reference flow in the mouth of the surface catchment basin of the Meia Ponte river, state of Goiás, Brazil