Open Access Published by De Gruyter

Volume 16 Issue 3

Issue of e-Polymers

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Contents
Journal Overview

Publicly Available May 2, 2016

Frontmatter

Page range: i-iii

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Publicly Available May 2, 2016

Full length articles

Open Access March 8, 2016

Synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles in the PAMAM hydrogen network template

Zheng Peng, Hong Li, Xinwu Ba, Junchai Zhao, Xiuguo Sun, Yanting Li

Page range: 177-180

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Abstract

Intramolecular nanocavities in polyamidoamine (PAMAM) are usually used as a good template to synthesize nanoparticles. In this paper, TiO 2 nanoparticles were prepared successfully by the interspaces of the hydrogen network between PAMAM. The possible mechanism was that PAMAM could form the steady microspheres with many interspaces in ammonia aqueous solution at pH=10. The interspaces of the hydrogen network could act as the template for preparing TiO 2 nanoparticles. The results were proved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Open Access March 8, 2016

Synthesis and ROMP of new sulfobetaine and carboxybetaine norbornene

Armando Pineda-Contreras, Julia V. Hernández-Madrigal, Oscar F. Vázquez-Vuelvas, Serguei Fomine

Page range: 181-188

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Abstract

The synthesis of novel norbornene based polyzwitterions via ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is present. Trifluoracetic acid (TFA) was used as a solvent to provide a homogenous medium for the polymerization reaction of sulfobetaines with the commercially available Hoveyda-Grubbs’ initiator. In order to prevent the competitive complexation via carboxylate functional group of the ruthenium metal center, we carried out the controlled polymerization of ethyl protected carboxybetaines monomers.

Open Access March 8, 2016

Preparation and properties of emulsifier-/NMP-free crosslinkable waterborne polyurethane-acrylic hybrid emulsions for footwear adhesives (II) – effect of dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA)/pentaerylthritol triacrylate (PETA) content

Jung-Mi Cheon, Seul-Gi Lee, Jae-Hwan Chun, Dong-Jin Lee, Young-Hee Lee, Han-Do Kim

Page range: 189-197

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Abstract

Stable emulsions (solid content: 38%) of emulsifier-/N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)-free crosslinkable waterborne polyurethane-acrylic hybrids with a fixed acrylic monomer content (20 wt.%) and different molar ratios (mole%) of dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA)/crosslinkable pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA)(17/23, 22/17, 27/11, 32/5) were successfully prepared. This study examined the effect of mole% of DMPA/PETA on the stability and viscosity of hybrid emulsions, the tensile properties/dynamic mechanical thermal properties of hybrid film samples and the adhesive strengths of formulated adhesives for footwear at both dry and wet states. The tensile strength/modulus, storage modulus and Tgs increased with increasing PETA content. The adhesive strength at dry state increased with increasing DMPA content up to 27 mole%, and then decreased a little. However, the adhesive strength at wet state decreased with increasing DMPA content. The optimum DMPA/PETA contents were found to be 27/11 mole% to achieve high performance adhesive properties.

Open Access February 4, 2016

Kinetic investigation of a complex curing of the guaiacol bio-based benzoxazine system

Aleš Ručigaj, Špela Gradišar, Matjaž Krajnc

Page range: 199-206

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Abstract

Curing kinetics of guaiacol based benzoxazine synthesized from guaiacol, furfurylamine and formaldehyde forming bio-based polybenzoxazine was investigated. The curing process showed complex polymerization behavior, as the exothermal signal consisted of several overlapped peaks. Differentiation and fitting of overlapped peaks was performed by Pearson VII distribution obtaining two separate exothermal signals further associated to stage 1 and stage 2. The apparent activation energies of both stages were determined to be 113.8 kJ mol -1 and 117.5 kJ mol -1 , respectively, according to Kissinger. The first could be explained by benzoxazine ring-opening and electrophilic substitution, whereas the second stage corresponds to the rearrangement and diffusion-controlled step. Kinetics of each stage was studied separately. As a result, the first stage was described by Šesták-Berggren autocatalytic model, whereas the second stage appeared to follow n th order kinetics proved by the Friedman method. Application of both kinetic models demonstrated that the predicted curves fit well with the non-isothermal DSC thermograms and as such sufficiently describes the complex curing behavior of guaiacol based benzoxazine.

Open Access April 28, 2016

Controlled synthesis and characterization of nanohydrogels formed from copolymer (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid/acrylamide)

Ahmed Awadallah-F, Soad Y. Abd El-Wahab, H.I. Al-Shafey

Page range: 207-215

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Abstract

Nanohydrogels were prepared from copolymer 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)/acrylamide (AAm) in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) followed by γ-ray exposure. Different molar ratios of AMPS to AAm, 100:0 to 0:100, were investigated. The particle sizes of nanohydrogels were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The effects of different comonomer composition and pH on swelling (%) and gelation (%) were studied. The characterization of nanohydrogels was performed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersion X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that particle sizes ranged from ~9.5 to ~39 nm.

Open Access April 28, 2016

Strain rate and temperature effects on elastic properties of polycaprolactone/starch composite

Fethma M. Nor, Ho Yong Lee, Joong Yeon Lim, Denni Kurniawan

Page range: 217-223

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Abstract

Composite of polycaprolactone (PCL) and starch is a potential biomaterial for tissue engineering scaffolds. During implantation, its mechanical properties might be compromised considering the various strain rates it is subjected to and that human body temperature is close to polycaprolactone’s melting temperature. This study aims at revealing the effect of strain rate and temperature to the elastic properties of polycaprolactone-starch composite. Tensile test at strain rates of 5, 0.1, and 0.01 mm/min at ambient and body temperatures were performed. It was revealed that strain rate as well as temperature readily have significant effects on the composite’s elastic properties. Such effects have similar trends with that of PCL homopolymer which is used as the composite’s matrix. Further analysis on the consequence of the finding was performed by applying the behavior to a finite element model of a porous scaffold and it was found that the discrepancy in elastic properties throughout the construct is even greater.

Open Access April 21, 2016

Chemical oxidative polymerization of conductive polyaniline-iron oxide composite as an electro-transducer for electrochemical sensing applications

Roswani Shaimi, Nabilah Mohamad Ketar Mokhtar, Peng Chee Tan, Zeinab Abbas Jawad, Siew Chun Low

Page range: 225-233

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Abstract

This study explored the preparation of conductive polyaniline-iron oxide (PANI-Fe 2 O 3 ) that served as the electrical signal transducer, to convert the electrochemical interactions between the biotinylated-goat-anti-mouse IgG (b-IgG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) into a measurable resistance signal. In this study, PANI was synthesized through the oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer (AM) in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) as the oxidizing agent. Concentration effects of AM and volume ratios of AM:APS were evaluated so as to obtain higher conductivity performance in an electrochemical sensing application. The synthesized PANI composites were analyzed through conductivity measurement. The conductive PANI-Fe 2 O 3 -GA-b-IgG bio-conjugates was then interacted with BSA, relays the antigen-antibody binding as a measured electrical detection in an assembled pulse-mode electrochemical biosensor. In present work, 0.2 m of AM with 1:3 volume ratio of AM:APS has contributed to the optimal ionic conductivity property of PANI, with excellent electrochemical sensing performance recorded at 3.538±0.067 m Ω.

Publicly Available April 23, 2016

The simultaneous effect of nucleating and blowing agents on the cellular structure of polypropylene foamed via the extrusion process

Mohammad Fasihi, Ali Asgari Targhi, Hossein Bayat

Page range: 235-241

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Abstract

The current work presents the preparation of polypropylene (PP) foams by the extrusion process, focusing on the influence of the foaming agent and nucleating agent on the microstructure of the foams. Sodium bicarbonate alone and also its mixture with citric acid were used as the chemical blowing agents. Expanded graphite nanoparticle and talc were also used as the nucleating agents. Great differences were found in terms of the foam structure depending on the type of nucleating and blowing agents. Using expanded graphite nucleating agent instead of talc resulted in foams with higher cell densities and more uniform cellular structures. Moreover, the foams including the mixed blowing agents exhibited higher cell densities and upper expansion ratio.

Open Access March 1, 2016

Application of the artificial neural network and imperialist competitive algorithm for optimization of molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction of methylene blue

Mostafa Khajeh, Shahnaz Afzali Moghaddam, Mousa Bohlooli, Mansour Ghaffari-Moghaddam

Page range: 243-253

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Abstract

In this study, a hybrid of the artificial neural network-imperialist competitive algorithm (ANN-ICA) has been applied for prediction and optimization of the molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction method. This method has been used for the pre-concentration of methylene blue (MB) from environmental water samples prior to UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Molecular imprinted polymer sorbents were synthesized using radical polymerization by MB, 4-vinylpyridine, ethylene-glycol-dimethacrylate, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile and methanol as a template, functional monomer, cross-linker, initiator, and porogen, respectively. The imprinted polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pH, adsorbent mass, adsorption time, eluent volume, and extraction time were been selected as input parameters and the recovery of MB was considered as an output variable of the ANN model. The results were then compared according to the performance function and determination coefficient. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used to explain the isotherm constant. The maximum adsorption capacity was 417 mg g -1 . At the optimized conditions, the limit of detection and relative standard deviation was found to be 0.31 μg l -1 and <1.7%, respectively. This method was applied to analysis the MB in various water samples.

Open Access March 8, 2016

Study on application behavior of pyrolysis char from waste tires in silicone rubber composites

Zhang Guangjian, Wang Jincheng

Page range: 255-264

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Abstract

This work deals, in the first part, with the preparation and characterization of a type of pyrolysis char (PC) from waste tires. Best conditions were chosen to obtain the optimal PC with the largest Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. The structure of PC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The second part focuses on preparation of novel room-temperature vulcanizated silicone rubber (SR)/PC composites. Properties such as thermal stability, flame-retardance, tensile strength, and elongation at break were researched and compared. Flame-retardance test showed that the vertical burning time and limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of different SR composites were increased. The last part evaluates the reinforcing and flame-retardant mechanisms of PC in SR composites. Polar light microscopy (PLM) and SEM analysis demonstrated that the mixture of PC and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) had better compatibility in SR matrix.

About this journal

e-Polymers is an open access, single-blind peer-reviewed scientific journal. The aim of e-Polymers is to publish, in an ongoing way, pure and applied polymer-science-related original research articles, reviews, and feature articles. It includes synthetic methodologies, characterization, and processing techniques for polymer materials. Reports on interdisciplinary polymer science and on applications of polymers in all areas are welcome.

In 2013 e-Polymers has been transferred from the e-Polymer Foundation to the scientific publisher De Gruyter. Prof. Seema Agarwal and Prof. Andreas Greiner took over as Editors-in-Chief. e-Polymers is dedicated to serve the polymer community and will continue publishing scientific contributions on highest possible standards.

The present Editor-in-Chief, Prof. Seema Agarwal, would like to thank the authors, the reviewers, the editorial staff, the advisory board, and the supporting organization that made e-Polymers a successful and sustainable scientific journal of the polymer community. The Editors of e-Polymers feel very much engaged to provide best publishing services at the highest possible level.

Topics

Pure and Applied Polymer Science
Organic Chemistry
Industrial Chemistry
Polymer Science and Technology

Article formats
Research Article, Review Article, Rapid Communication, Erratum

Information on submission process

Secure archiving by De Gruyter and the independent archiving service Portico

Special Issues:

"Biodegradable and bio-based polymers: Green approaches"
Guest Editors: Dr. Kumaran Subramanian (Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar, India), Prof. A. Wilson Santhosh Kumar (AMITY University, Mumbai, India), and　Dr. Venkatajothi Ramarao (The Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia)

Submission deadline: August 31, 2023

Volume 16 Issue 3

Issue of e-Polymers

Frontmatter

In this Issue

Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles in the PAMAM hydrogen network template

Abstract

Synthesis and ROMP of new sulfobetaine and carboxybetaine norbornene

Abstract

Preparation and properties of emulsifier-/NMP-free crosslinkable waterborne polyurethane-acrylic hybrid emulsions for footwear adhesives (II) – effect of dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA)/pentaerylthritol triacrylate (PETA) content

Abstract

Kinetic investigation of a complex curing of the guaiacol bio-based benzoxazine system

Abstract

Controlled synthesis and characterization of nanohydrogels formed from copolymer (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid/acrylamide)

Abstract

Strain rate and temperature effects on elastic properties of polycaprolactone/starch composite

Abstract

Chemical oxidative polymerization of conductive polyaniline-iron oxide composite as an electro-transducer for electrochemical sensing applications

Abstract

The simultaneous effect of nucleating and blowing agents on the cellular structure of polypropylene foamed via the extrusion process

Abstract

Application of the artificial neural network and imperialist competitive algorithm for optimization of molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction of methylene blue

Abstract

Study on application behavior of pyrolysis char from waste tires in silicone rubber composites

Abstract

Synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles in the PAMAM hydrogen network template