Open Access Published by De Gruyter

Volume 18 Issue 3

Issue of e-Polymers

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Contents
Journal Overview

Publicly Available April 30, 2018

Frontmatter

Page range: i-iv

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Publicly Available April 30, 2018

Full length articles

Open Access November 22, 2017

Determination of homopolymerization kinetics and copolymerization with methyl methacrylate of diethyl 9-(methacryloyloxy)-2-oxo-nonylphosphonate, 9-(methacryloyloxy)-2-oxo-nonylphosphonic acid and diethyl 9-(methacryloyloxy)-nonylphosphonate

Štefan Chmela, Agnesa Fiedlerová, Tibor Liptaj, Yohann Catel, Norbert Moszner

Page range: 205-216

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Abstract

The three polymerizable monomers diethyl 9-(methacryloyloxy)-2-oxo-nonylphosphonate M1 , 9-(methacryloyloxy)-2-oxo-nonylphosphonic acid M2 and diethyl 9-(methacryloyloxy)-nonylphosphonate M3 are examined for their free radical polymerization and copolymerization activity in methanol between 40 and 65°C. Polymerization proceeds readily through a thermal free radical initiation. The intensity exponents for the monomer and initiator are only slightly over 1 and approximately 0.5, respectively. This is in accordance with the results typically observed for an ideal free radical polymerization with bimolecular termination. The kinetics of copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) are monitored by online 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Two copolymerization reactions for each pair of co-monomers are sufficient to evaluate the kinetic data using the Jaacks method, the Fineman-Ross method and the nonlinear least squares method. All three methods give similar results for particular monomer/MMA couples.

Open Access December 4, 2017

Application of polymer-sepiolite composites for adsorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution: equilibrium and kinetic studies

Amir Vahedi, Mohammadreza Rahmani, Zahra Rahmani, Mohammadali Moghaddasi, Farid Talebnia Rowshan, Abbass Kazemi, Seyed Zia-eddin Mahdavi

Page range: 217-228

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Abstract

In this study, humic acid-immobilized-amine-modified polyacrylamide/sepiolite (Ha-Am-Paa-Sep) and phytic acid-modified polyacrylamide/sepiolite composites (Phy-Paa-Sep) were prepared and characterized for removal of Cu(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions. The effects of contact time, initial concentration of adsorbent and metal ions, pH and temperature on the adsorption process were investigated. The optimum adsorption of metal ions occurred at pH 5 and 25°C. Ion exchange and complexation reactions were the main mechanisms for adsorption of metal ions. Removal of metal ions followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics and equilibrium occurred after 60 min. The conformity of various adsorption models to the equilibrium data was evaluated among which Freundlich isotherm model gave the best fitting result. The highest monolayer adsorption capacity of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions were 244 and 250 mg·g −1 for Ha-Am-Paa-Sep and 256.4 and 277 mg·g −1 for Phy-Paa-Sep, respectively, at room temperature. Ultimately, desorption experiments were performed and the results showed approximately 95% of adsorbed metal ions were desorbed.

Open Access January 25, 2018

Effect of aliphatic chain length on the chemical structures of low molecular weight hyperbranched polyesters

Christopher Wallis, Marine Bonhomme, Jean-François Fabre, Zéphirin Mouloungui

Page range: 229-235

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Abstract

Low molecular weight hyperbranched (HB) polyesters were synthesized via melt polymerization from trimethylolpropane and three aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, namely, succinic acid (SA), adipic acid (AA) and dodecanedioic acid (DA). The degrees of branching (DBs) ranged between 30% and 75% depending on the monomer ratio. Their DB, cyclic index and terminal index were all determined, indicating that the shorter chain HB polyesters PE-SA and PE-AA showed a greater degree of intramolecular cyclization, compared to the longer aliphatic chains within PE-DA. The HB polyesters form stable colloidal suspensions in buffered aqueous media and were found to be pH responsive. The stability of the colloidal suspensions is enhanced by two factors: (1) increasing the aliphatic chain length and (2) increasing the pH of the solution for the same HB polyester.

Publicly Available January 29, 2018

Synthesis of a phosphorus-containing trisilanol POSS and its application in RTV composites

Ding Yaoke, Zhanglin Yuan, Jincheng Wang

Page range: 237-245

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Abstract

A novel trisilanol polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-containing phosphorus (DPCP-TPOSS) was synthesized from trisilanolphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (TPOSS) and diphenyl chlorophosphate. DPCP-TPOSS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then a novel type of room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV)/DPCP-TPOSS composite was prepared. Properties such as swelling behavior, tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal stability and flame retardance were researched and compared. Results showed that RTV/DPCP-TPOSS-3 and RTV/DPCP-TPOSS-5 composites exhibited the best tensile strength and elongation at break, 4.5 MPa and 427%, which was 25% and 32% higher than that of pure RTV. TGA tests demonstrated that RTV/DPCP-TPOSS-3 owned the highest char residues, 39.7%. T max of RTV composites was increased from 531.9°C to 557°C with the incorporation of DPCP-TPOSS. Moreover, the addition of DPCP-TPOSS led to considerably increase of the fire-retardant performance.

Open Access January 25, 2018

Microwave-induced rapid formation of biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating on gelatin-siloxane hybrid microspheres in 10X-SBF solution

Farnaz Ghorbani, Ali Zamanian, Aliasghar Behnamghader, Morteza Daliri Joupari

Page range: 247-255

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Abstract

Bioactive materials can attract calcium and phosphate ions in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution to mimic the composition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Rapid biodegradation rate of natural polymers in contact with water-based solutions and time-consuming process of mineralization in SBF led to using concentrated simulated media. Herein, gelatin-siloxane microspheres were fabricated via single emulsion method. Then hybrid spheres were immersed in the modified 10X-SBF solution, and microwave energy (600 W) was expanded for the rapid formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the spheres. Results indicated homogeneous coating of microspheres and high similarity of synthesized HA to the bone composition. Increasing intensity of HA-related peaks in Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction and surface roughness after utilizing microwave-assisted method confirmed high efficiency of this technique in biomimetic mineralization of structures. Cell culture studies with human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63) demonstrated that mineralized HA in 10X-SBF solution under microwave treatment could be able to mimic bone ECM for tissue regeneration applications in the shortest time and highest similarity to the natural tissue.

Open Access January 25, 2018

Investigation of the effect of some variables on terpolymerization process of vinyl monomers in CSTR by design of experimental method

Amin Moslemi, Rouhallah Bagheri, Negar Karami, Ehsan Mokhtari

Page range: 257-266

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Abstract

Aqueous slurry free radical terpolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with vinyl acetate (VAc) and a constant amount of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfunic acid (AMPS) using K 2 S 2 O 8 /NaHSO 3 redox initiator was carried out in a 15-l continuous stirred tank reactor at constant temperature (60°C) and atmospheric pressure. A three-level response surface method based on central composite design was applied to investigate the effect of VAc concentration (wt%) in monomer mixture, bisulfite- to-persulfate ratio in redox initiator system ([HSO3−][S2O8−2])$\left( {\frac{{{\text{[HSO}}_3^ - ]}}{{[{{\text{S}}_2}{\text{O}}_8^{ - 2}]}}} \right)$ and bisulfite-to-monomer mixture ratio ([HSO3−]AN+VAc)$\left( {\frac{{[{\text{HSO}}_3^ - ]}}{{{\text{AN}} + {\text{VAc}}}}} \right)$ on the monomer conversion percentage to polymer, intrinsic viscosity [(η)] and sulfur end groups (SEG) index of the prepared polymers. Experimental results showed that the optimum conditions for synthesis of AN-VAc-AMPS system can be addressed as VAc=9 wt%, ([HSO3−][S2O8−2])=9.6$\left( {\frac{{[{\text{HSO}}_3^ - ]}}{{[{{\text{S}}_2}{\text{O}}_8^{ - 2}]}}} \right) = 9.6$ and ([HSO3−]AN+VAc)=0.027.$\left( {\frac{{[{\text{HSO}}_3^ - ]}}{{{\text{AN}} + {\text{VAc}}}}} \right) = 0.027.$ Monomer conversion percentage to polymer, intrinsic viscosity and SEG index under optimum conditions were 75%, 1.38 dl/g and 190, respectively. The synthesized polymer under these optimum conditions can satisfy the requirements for acrylic fiber production in which its characterization was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscope.

Open Access February 15, 2018

Properties related to linear and branched network structure of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene

Yapeng Ou, Yalun Sun, Qingjie Jiao

Page range: 267-274

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Abstract

The correlation between properties and the network structure of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based polyurethanes (PUs) was studied through linear and branched structure polymer matrixes formed by toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and an aliphatic polyisocyanate curing agent (N100). The curing reactions were monitored using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and viscosity build-up. The swelling capacity of PUs decreased with the increase of crosslink density with a stable solubility parameter according to the equilibrium swelling test. Tensile properties of PUs cured by TDI and N100 in different stoichiometric ratios of NCO/OH groups were tested. Both breaking elongation and tensile strength were remarkably improved by N100. The thermal decomposition processes of HTPB/TDI and HTPB/N100 indicated that a branched structure has higher depolymerization temperature, and hence, improved thermal stability. In addition, PU with a branched network prevented the migration of the plasticizer during isothermal accelerated aging due to the higher crosslink density.

Open Access February 21, 2018

Oxygen-plasma treatment-induced surface engineering of biomimetic polyurethane nanofibrous scaffolds for gelatin-heparin immobilization

Farnaz Ghorbani, Ali Zamanian

Page range: 275-285

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Abstract

Polyurethane (PU) has been extensively used in vascular tissue engineering due to its outstanding mechanical performance and blood compatibility behavior. Here, biomimetic PU-based scaffolds were prepared using an electrospinning technique and gelatin-heparin was introduced as a surface modifier after oxygen plasma treatment to improve cell attachment and release an anticoagulation agent. Morphology, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, compression strength, swelling and biodegradation ratio, drug release level and cellular interactions were evaluated. According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, gelatin-heparin immobilized PU nanofibers exhibited a smooth surface and a bead free structure that nanofibers distributed in the range of 300–1000 nm. The mechanical strength of constructs, swelling and biodegradation ratio, and drug release level illustrated higher values for oxygen plasma-treated samples compared with bilayered scaffolds. Cellular adhesion and biocompatibility ameliorated after plasma treatment. All the mentioned findings indicated the initial physicomechanical and biological potential of biomimetic PU-based fibers in the improvements of vascular scaffolds.

About this journal

e-Polymers is an open access, single-blind peer-reviewed scientific journal. The aim of e-Polymers is to publish, in an ongoing way, pure and applied polymer-science-related original research articles, reviews, and feature articles. It includes synthetic methodologies, characterization, and processing techniques for polymer materials. Reports on interdisciplinary polymer science and on applications of polymers in all areas are welcome.

In 2013 e-Polymers has been transferred from the e-Polymer Foundation to the scientific publisher De Gruyter. Prof. Seema Agarwal and Prof. Andreas Greiner took over as Editors-in-Chief. e-Polymers is dedicated to serve the polymer community and will continue publishing scientific contributions on highest possible standards.

The present Editor-in-Chief, Prof. Seema Agarwal, would like to thank the authors, the reviewers, the editorial staff, the advisory board, and the supporting organization that made e-Polymers a successful and sustainable scientific journal of the polymer community. The Editors of e-Polymers feel very much engaged to provide best publishing services at the highest possible level.

Topics

Pure and Applied Polymer Science
Organic Chemistry
Industrial Chemistry
Polymer Science and Technology

Article formats
Research Article, Review Article, Rapid Communication, Erratum

Information on submission process

Secure archiving by De Gruyter and the independent archiving service Portico

Special Issues:

"Biodegradable and bio-based polymers: Green approaches"
Guest Editors: Dr. Kumaran Subramanian (Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar, India), Prof. A. Wilson Santhosh Kumar (AMITY University, Mumbai, India), and　Dr. Venkatajothi Ramarao (The Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia)

Submission deadline: August 31, 2023

Volume 18 Issue 3

Issue of e-Polymers

Frontmatter

In this Issue

Determination of homopolymerization kinetics and copolymerization with methyl methacrylate of diethyl 9-(methacryloyloxy)-2-oxo-nonylphosphonate, 9-(methacryloyloxy)-2-oxo-nonylphosphonic acid and diethyl 9-(methacryloyloxy)-nonylphosphonate

Abstract

Application of polymer-sepiolite composites for adsorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution: equilibrium and kinetic studies

Abstract

Effect of aliphatic chain length on the chemical structures of low molecular weight hyperbranched polyesters

Abstract

Synthesis of a phosphorus-containing trisilanol POSS and its application in RTV composites

Abstract

Microwave-induced rapid formation of biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating on gelatin-siloxane hybrid microspheres in 10X-SBF solution

Abstract

Investigation of the effect of some variables on terpolymerization process of vinyl monomers in CSTR by design of experimental method

Abstract

Properties related to linear and branched network structure of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene

Abstract

Oxygen-plasma treatment-induced surface engineering of biomimetic polyurethane nanofibrous scaffolds for gelatin-heparin immobilization

Abstract