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Volume 13 Issue 1

January 2021

Issue of Open Geosciences

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Contents
Journal Overview

The evolution process of the North China Craton has been discussed by many scholars; however, the frame for the timing of the Trans-North China Block has not been fully agreed upon. Related research has mostly focused on the northern and southern sections of the Trans-North China Block, and in-depth studies on intrusive rocks in the central region are lacking. In this study, we conduct a systematic study of the petrography, the whole-rock geochemistry, and the zircon U–Pb dating for the beschtauite intrusion, located in the Mengjiaping area of the Southern Taihang Mountains. Our results demonstrate that the dyke intrusion is mainly composed of beschtauite. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb dating shows that the beschtauite intrusion occurred at ∼1,880 ± 69 Ma. The beschtauite belongs to I-type granite, Arc tholeiite series, and Cale-alkaline series, with low total alkali, low potassium, and high aluminum. They are also enriched in large-ion lithophile elements, relatively depleted in high-field strength elements, and low total rare-earth elements. Based on the abovementioned data, it is suggested that the magmas for the beschtauite intrusion were metasomatized by oceanic slab subduction in the Late Paleoproterozoic. The formation time of the North China Craton basement should be set to after 1,880 Ma.

Holocene records for the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) indicate that, apart for the last 2,000 years (“2 kyr shift”), solar insolation was the dominant factor controlling the monsoon climate. The aim of this review is to provide a synopsis of climate characteristics over the last 2 kyr, clarifying mechanisms for the diverse trend with Northern Hemisphere Summer Insolation (NHSI) records. Here, we initially review proxy-based climate reconstructions for the last 2 kyr, and then compare them with records from the last five interglacial periods. Finally, we examine potential physical mechanisms responsible for the “2 kyr shift.” Findings from this review indicate that the “2 kyr shift” is a representative pattern of Holocene climate change within the core area of the ASM, and the “2 kyr shift” could be mainly controlled by changes in atmospheric CO 2 concentration. In addition, suggestions to address a more humid condition dominating the Asian monsoonal margin zones are offered.

Erratum

Open Access March 9, 2021

Erratum to “Calibration of the depth invariant algorithm to monitor the tidal action of Rabigh City at the Red Sea Coast, Saudi Arabia”

Mohammed H. Aljahdali, Mohamed Elhag

Page range: 293-293

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Rapid Communication

Open Access September 13, 2021

Individual tree detection using UAV-lidar and UAV-SfM data: A tutorial for beginners

Midhun Mohan, Rodrigo Vieira Leite, Eben North Broadbent, Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar, Shruthi Srinivasan, Shaurya Bajaj, Ana Paula Dalla Corte, Cibele Hummel do Amaral, Gopika Gopan, Siti Nor Maizah Saad, Aisyah Marliza Muhmad Kamarulzaman, Gabriel Atticciati Prata, Emma Llewelyn, Daniel J. Johnson, Willie Doaemo, Stephanie Bohlman, Angelica Maria Almeyda Zambrano, Adrián Cardil

Page range: 1028-1039

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Abstract

Applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have proliferated in the last decade due to the technological advancements on various fronts such as structure-from-motion (SfM), machine learning, and robotics. An important preliminary step with regard to forest inventory and management is individual tree detection (ITD), which is required to calculate forest attributes such as stem volume, forest uniformity, and biomass estimation. However, users may find adopting the UAVs and algorithms for their specific projects challenging due to the plethora of information available. Herein, we provide a step-by-step tutorial for performing ITD using (i) low-cost UAV-derived imagery and (ii) UAV-based high-density lidar (light detection and ranging). Functions from open-source R packages were implemented to develop a canopy height model (CHM) and perform ITD utilizing the local maxima (LM) algorithm. ITD accuracy assessment statistics and validation were derived through manual visual interpretation from high-resolution imagery and field-data-based accuracy assessment. As the intended audience are beginners in remote sensing, we have adopted a very simple methodology and chosen study plots that have relatively open canopies to demonstrate our proposed approach; the respective R codes and sample plot data are available as supplementary materials.

Technical Note

Open Access September 15, 2021

Construction and application of the 3D geo-hazard monitoring and early warning platform

Dunlong Liu, Lei He, Qian Wu, Yan Gao, Bin Liu, Shuang Liu, Han Luo

Page range: 1040-1052

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Abstract

As geo-hazard monitoring data increases in category and size, conventional geo-hazard information management systems, without a unified integration framework and visualized data display, are unable to satisfy the urgent needs of geo-hazard information management. Representational State Transfer (REST), a resource-centered service architecture, abstracts data and services into resources for unified Uniform Resource Identifier access, enabling it to take full advantage of HTTP with great flexibility and scalability. Based on the REST service architecture, this paper constructs a 3D geo-hazard monitoring and early warning platform with sound service compatibility and scalability by integrating geographical information, real-time monitoring data, and early warning models into the 3D Digital Earth framework. The platform displays topography, stratum lithology, and relevant information, as well as real-time monitoring data in a 3D visual, and provides early warning services for geo-hazards through access to real-time early warning models. As a result, it is capable of providing comprehensive information management, monitoring, and early warning of multiple geo-hazards, aiding decision-making in disaster prevention and mitigation, and enhancing the information level of geo-hazard prevention and mitigation work.

Open Access December 4, 2021

Enhancing the success of new dams implantation under semi-arid climate, based on a multicriteria analysis approach: Case of Marrakech region (Central Morocco)

Fatima Ezzahra El Ghazali, Nour-Eddine Laftouhi, Ahmed Fekri, Giovanni Randazzo, Myriam Benkirane

Page range: 1494-1508

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Abstract

Water management has become one of the major interests in arid and semi-arid regions. Scientists have suggested different criteria and methodologies for the identification of suitable dam sites. According to our literature review, we have used two major methodologies for the selection of suitable dam site location: geographic information system and remote sensing (GIS/RS) and multicriteria analysis (MCA) integrated with GIS/RS. The most common criteria used for the selection of suitable dam sites were slope, rainfall, land use land cover, soil type, lithology, lineament density, and hydrographic typology. All the factors were superimposed to prepare the synthesis map of water-harvesting structures, each thematic layer’s weight was determined, and storage water potential indices were calculated using water accumulation conditions. According to the water-harvesting location map, where the spatial distribution of the excellent (5%), very good (9%), and good (17%) aptitude classes is established in the northeast and central parts of the westward zone, the average located in the center of the zone. Study and weak are located south of the map; the area of moderate (25%) to poor (44%) suitability is situated in the south and southwest zone. The MCA was validated using an existing dam across the study area, where the MCA provides for the dam located in the good and moderate zones. The approach adopted in this study can be applied for any other location globally to identify potential dam-construction sites. From the point of view of the literature of multicriteria analyses of water recovery, areas unsuitable for surface water harvesting and dam projects are suitable for groundwater recharge.

TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL CULTURAL LANDSCAPES - Koper 2019

Open Access August 18, 2021

The “changing actor” and the transformation of landscapes

Olivier Lefebvre

Page range: 895-903

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Abstract

A landscape is defined as a place which is remarkable because of one of these criteria (or several): esthetics, harmony with a habitus (quality of life), and environment. Also, groups support projects concerning this place. There is a “logical duel” to decide how to format the landscape. The paper focuses on the play of actors, in this context. There are a few theories in social sciences to describe the “changing actor” (how an actor changes his mind). In particular, we refer to the notions from the Latour’s sociology of networks, selection, translation, and role of actants. There is a “pressure” on landscapes to transform them in accordance with the needs of the Global Monopoly (defined as a model which is imitated worldwide). But it occurs that the outcome of a “logical duel” is not the formatting of a landscape in accordance with the pressure. It is explained by the “changing actor” and the success of some translation.

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CONFERENCE PARTNERSHIPS:

3rd Edition of International Conference on Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy
2nd International Meet on Infrastructure and Construction
2nd Global Summit on Environmental Science and Applications (EnScience2023)
GEOTRENDS 2nd International Conference on Geoheritage & Geotourism
GeoSym2018 – III Polish Symposium on Geointerdisciplinary Research Methods
ESC2018-GA - The 36th General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission
Hazards2018 - Natural hazards - lessons from the past and contemporary challenges
“Geodetic Engineering” – The 14th Conference “Current Issues in Engineering Geodesy”
“Alkaline-Carbonatitic magmatism” dedicated to Lalchand Govindram (Lalou) Gwalani
“Applied Geomorphology” – The 3th edition of Geomorphology conference - natural and activated processes
SPP2019 – The 26th Conference on Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Poland
12th International Symposium on Digital Earth – ISDE12 – July, 6-8 2021
2nd International Conference on Geology, Resources Exploration and Development (ICGRED 2021)

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