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Volume 63 Issue 6

Issue of Holzforschung

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Contents
Journal Overview

Original Papers

November 15, 2009

Effects of selected key chromophores on cellulose integrity upon bleaching 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Karin Krainz, Antje Potthast, Ulrich Suess, Thomas Dietz, Norbert Nimmerfroh, Thomas Rosenau

Page range: 647-655

Abstract

In the present study, three representative residual chromophores recently isolated from highly bleached and aged pulps, 2,5-dihydroxy-[1,4]-benzoquinone ( 1 ), 5,8-dihydroxy-[1,4]-naphthoquinone ( 2 ), and 2,6-dihydroxy-acetophenone ( 3 ), were selected to study their effects with regard to cellulose degradation under bleaching conditions, similar to those typically used in the pulp and paper industries.

November 15, 2009

A novel, mild and selective methylation of carboxyl groups in cellulosic pulps 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Ivana Tot, Yvonne Müller, Carsten Werner, Thomas Rosenau, Antje Potthast

Page range: 657-663

Abstract

A method for selective, fast, and near-quantitative methylation of carboxyl groups in the presence of aliphatic hydroxyl groups of cellulose was developed. The main advantage of the method is the complete maintenance of cellulose integrity; no degradation of cellulose whatsoever during the methylation procedure was observed, making the protocol extremely useful in advanced cellulose analytics. Trimethylsilyl diazomethane (TMS-DAM) was used as the methylation agent. The methylation conditions were pre-optimized by means of carbohydrate model compounds with low-molecular weight, such as derivatives of glucuronic acid and hexenuronic acid, and then re-optimized for methylation of cellulose. The influence of reaction parameters, such as time, temperature, solvents, and concentration, was also determined. The reaction kinetics was monitored by fluorescence labeling of the remaining carboxyl groups according to the common FDAM protocol. A general protocol for the fast methylation of carboxyl groups in pulp samples is presented. The methylation with TMS-DAM is a very fast process, both in comparison to general heterogeneous reactions on cellulosic pulps, and especially in comparison to other methylation approaches. In dissolving and paper grade pulps, methylation of xylan carboxyls proceeded faster than methylation of cellulosic carboxyls. The methylation rate and kinetics are dependent on the pulp type. As application examples, electrokinetic measurements were used to demonstrate the “blocked” reactivity of carboxyl groups in spin-coated films of methylated pulp samples, and ICP-MS was used to demonstrate the drastically decreased metal ion binding capacity of pulp after such methylation.

November 15, 2009

Effect of salts on the formation and properties of microcrystalline cellulose and chitosan gels 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Marianna Laka, Svetlana Chernyavskaya

Page range: 665-669

Abstract

The difference in the effect of salts on the formation and properties of gels based on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and microcrystalline chitosan (MCCh) was investigated. Bleached sulphate pulp from wood and chitosan obtained from exoskeletons of crustaceans served as raw materials. These were destructed by a thermocatalytic method to the levelling-off degree of polymerisation and then dispersed in solutions of different salts. At a sufficiently high concentration, gels with a liquid crystalline structure were formed. For MCC, the gels are stronger when the dispersion solution contains polyvalent cations, which decrease the negative charge on the cellulose surface caused by the carboxyl groups present there. As a result, the mutual repulsing forces between the cellulose particles decrease and the lattice formed by them becomes stronger. For MCCh, strong gels with a great viscosity are formed when the dispersion solution contains polyvalent anions, which decrease the positive charge on the chitosan surface caused by amine groups. The effect of salts depends also on their concentration in the solution.

November 15, 2009

Detection of muconic acid type structures in oxidised lignins using 2D NMR spectroscopy 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Dmitry V. Evtuguin, Graça Rocha, Brian J. Goodfellow

Page range: 675-680

Abstract

The identification of muconic acid type structures (MATS) in oxidised lignins employing 2D NMR spectroscopy was carried out. The primary database for MATS detection by single bond 1 H- 13 C (HSQC) and long-range 1 H- 1 H and 1 H- 13 C correlation (COSY and HMBC) NMR experiments was obtained with a series of model compounds: cis, cis - and trans, trans -muconic acids and their methylated analogues and MATS derived from monomeric lignin model compounds oxidised by ClO 2 . Additional information was obtained from the study of oxygen-organosolv lignin obtained from spent liquor after the spruce wood delignification with oxygen in an acetone-water solution. This work allowed the reliable assignment of MATS signals in the HSQC spectra of oxidised lignin and provides a methodology for detection and distinguishing of MATS from structurally similar moieties.

November 15, 2009

Synthesis of a lignin polymer model consisting of only phenolic β-O-4 linkages and testing its reactivity under alkaline conditions 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Jackson D. Megiatto, Emmanuel Cazeils, Stéphane Grelier, Christian Gardrat, Frédérique Ham-Pichavant, Alain Castellan

Page range: 681-689

Abstract

A trimeric β-O-4 lignin model bearing a styrene unit was polymerized in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator of free radical polymerization. The polymer analysis achieved by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), 1 H, 13 C, 31 P NMR, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS), differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry indicated its well-defined structure with good thermal stability at temperatures usually applied for alkaline pulping. SEC analysis proved a high degree of polymerization despite the size of the phenolic β-O-4 units in the polymer structure. MALDI-ToF spectrometry indicated that the polymer is composed of phenolic β-O-4 elements only. The chemical reactivity under alkaline conditions of the polymer was studied by both HPLC and 31 P NMR. These two methods revealed two main concurrent processes, which include an oxidation of the phenol part followed by C α -C β bond cleavage, and a formation of a quinone methide followed by its β-O-4 bond cleavage.

November 15, 2009

HSQC-NMR analysis of lignin in woody (Eucalyptus globulus and Picea abies) and non-woody (Agave sisalana) ball-milled plant materials at the gel state 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Jorge Rencoret, Gisela Marques, Ana Gutiérrez, Lidia Nieto, J. Ignacio Santos, Jesús Jiménez-Barbero, Ángel T. Martínez, José C. del Río

Page range: 691-698

Abstract

In situ analysis of lignin by 2D NMR of whole plant material was carried out by swelling finely ball-milled samples in deuterated dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO- d 6 ) and sonicated so that a gel was formed in the NMR analysis tube. Solution HSQC NMR spectra of different plant materials representative for hardwood ( Eucalyptus globulus ), softwood ( Picea abies ), and non-woody plants ( Agave sisalana ) are presented here. The spectra show signals corresponding to those of the main plant constituents, such as lignin and polysaccharides. The lignin signals were assigned by comparing the HSQC spectra of the whole plant materials with the HSQC spectra of their respective milled-wood lignins (MWLs). In general terms, the major lignin structural features, such as the relative abundances of the main lignin substructures, the syringyl/guaiacyl ratios and the extent of γ-acetylation of the lignin side-chain observed in the HSQC spectra of the whole plant materials, matched those obtained from the HSQC spectra of the isolated MWLs. Therefore, this technique, which needs only minor amounts of lignocellulosic material and minimal sample preparation, can be useful for the rapid screening of plant lignins without the need for tedious and time-consuming lignin isolation procedures.

November 15, 2009

Syringyl-type simple plant phenolics as mediating oxidants in laccase catalyzed degradation of lignocellulosic materials: Model compound studies 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Paula Nousiainen, Pekka Maijala, Annele Hatakka, Angel T. Martínez, Jussi Sipilä

Page range: 699-704

Abstract

The utility of simple syringyl-type phenolics of plant origin and some common synthetic compounds were compared with regard to their ability to act as laccase mediators in the oxidation of non-phenolic lignin model compounds. It was demonstrated that syringyl-type phenols, especially acetosyringone and methyl syringate, were able to mediate the oxidation of substrates of high oxidation potential by a laccase with a low redox potential. A mediator dose around 10% showed good performance compared to the equimolar quantities needed when the synthetic compounds 1-hydroxybenzotriazole or N -hydroxyacetanilide were used.

November 15, 2009

Titration of free phenolic groups in pulps 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Delphine Delmas, Dominique Lachenal, Gérard Mortha, Nathalie Marlin, Christophe Calais

Page range: 705-710

Abstract

The ClO 2 titration method for in situ measurement of free phenolic groups in pulp has been improved to minimize interferences from other groups susceptible to react with ClO 2 . The method is based upon the reaction between free phenolic groups and chlorine dioxide at a temperature of 0°C, in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide. Theoretically, one free phenolic group consumes two molecules of ClO 2 . The pH of the ClO 2 treatment was advantageously fixed at 6.7 using a phosphate buffer, and a new protocol was proposed to avoid any possible interference of quinone groups (either present in pulp or formed during the procedure) on the residual ClO 2 titration step. The results obtained on isolated lignin samples were compared to those measured by 31 P NMR spectroscopy. The ClO 2 method gave substantially higher values, for reasons which deserve further investigation.

November 15, 2009

Interfacial properties of polyelectrolyte complexes incorporating kraft lignin 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Galia Shulga, Vadims Shakels, Olga Aniskevicha, Julia Zakharova, Sanita Skudra

Page range: 711-714

Abstract

Surface tension of kraft lignin (KL) and KL/poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) mixtures, with different composition at the air-water interface depending on pH and temperature, was measured. It was found that the surface activity of both KL and the reaction mixtures grows with decreasing pH and increasing temperature. At the same time, the surface activity of the KL/poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) reaction mixture, irrespective of its composition under the same environment conditions, considerably exceeds the surface activity of KL, indicating the synergetic effect governed by the peculiarities of the polymeric structure of the formed soluble particles of the polyelectrolyte complex.

November 15, 2009

Comparing soluble Trametes pubescens laccase and cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs) for enzymatic modification of cellulose 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Ilabahen Patel, Roland Ludwig, Kitti Mueangtoom, Dietmar Haltrich, Thomas Rosenau, Antje Potthast

Page range: 715-720

Abstract

Three types of preparations – enzyme immobilized on Eupergit C, cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs) and lyophilized enzyme – have been obtained from Trametes pubescens laccase. Their activity in organic solvents has been comparatively evaluated, whereby the CLECs showed a significantly higher activity compared to the immobilized and the lyophilized variant. The soluble, lyophilized laccase and the CLECs were compared for their activity in the oxidation of cellulose in the laccase/TEMPO system. The “double heterogeneous” CLEC system – both the CLECs and the cellulose substrates are solids and only the mediator is homogeneously dissolved – showed similar reactivity to the conventional enzyme system. Laccase CLECs, being a solid, robust and highly active immobilized enzyme form can be conveniently used to modify (protected) low-molecular weight carbohydrates or cellulosics also in (aqueous-)organic media, and they offer many practical advantages: operational stability and ease of recycling coupled with high volumetric productivity.

November 15, 2009

Exploring enzymatic treatments for the production of dissolving grade pulp from different wood and non-wood paper grade pulps 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

David Ibarra, Viviana Köpcke, Monica Ek

Page range: 721-730

Abstract

The feasibility of producing dissolving grade pulps for viscose production from different fiber raw materials, such as paper grade pulps from wood and non-woody plants, was investigated. Commercial dried bleached hardwood kraft pulps from eucalypt, and bleached non-wood soda/AQ pulps from flax, hemp, sisal, abaca, and jute, were subjected to enzymatic and chemical pre-treatments in order to improve the accessibility and reactivity of cellulose and to reduce their hemicellulose content. A commercial monocomponent endoglucanase and a commercial xylanase were employed for biochemical treatment. The chemical treatment consisted of cold alkaline extraction. The effects of these pre-treatments on pulps were studied by reactivity, according to Fock's method, and viscosity measurements, determination of hemicellulose content, and recording of molecular weight distributions. The results were compared to those of commercial bleached eucalypt dissolving pulp. Eucalypt and sisal pulps showed high improvement in reactivity, reaching levels near or even higher than that of the eucalypt dissolving pulp (65%–70%), and a low hemicellulose content (2%–4%), when both were submitted to a sequence of treatments consisting of an initial xylanase treatment followed by cold alkaline extraction, and a final endoglucanase treatment. However, the viscosity decreased considerably. A uniform and narrow molecular weight distribution was observed in both eucalypt and sisal pulps after this sequential pre-treatment.

November 15, 2009

Effects of commercial cellobiohydrolase treatment on fiber strength and morphology of bleached hardwood pulp 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Miro Suchy, Terhi Hakala, Heli Kangas, Eero Kontturi, Tekla Tammelin, Tiina Pursula, Tapani Vuorinen

Page range: 731-736

Abstract

Development of fiber strength properties and morphological changes on the surface of bleached hardwood kraft pulp after treatment with commercial cellobiohydrolase (CBH) was evaluated. Tensile and tear indices showed no significant effect of the treatment. The treatment resulted in reduction of wet zero-span strength, while the dry zero-span values increased. The decrease in wet zero-span values was most likely caused by preferential action of CBH on structurally irregular zones in the fiber wall coupled with greater sensitivity of wet zero-span testing towards the localized fiber defects. The fracture zone of the wet zero-span tested samples was imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Visual observation revealed differences in fiber fracture between treated and control samples. The straighter and cleaner fractures of the treated sample could be attributed to the localized hydrolytic action of CBH. Visual analysis of the treated fiber surface morphology by SEM showed an increase of more visible fiber wall dislocations, particularly on fibers of smaller diameter. The increased presence of the fiber dislocation correlates with the decrease in the wet zero-span values of treated samples.

November 15, 2009

Prehydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. hemicelluloses prior to pulping and fermentation of the hydrolysates with the yeast Pichia stipitis 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Cátia Vanessa Teixeira Mendes, Cristina Maria Santos Gaudêncio Baptista, Jorge Manuel Santos Rocha, Maria Graça Videira Sousa Carvalho

Page range: 737-743

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of Eucalyptus globulus hemicelluloses, mainly xylan, for bioethanol production. Hemicelluloses have been removed prior to pulping by auto-hydrolysis and an acid-catalysed hydrolysis. As the hydrolysates obtained were rich in xylose, the yeast Pichia stipitis was selected for fermentation. It was confirmed that the yeast performance is strongly dependent on pH and the presence of inhibitors, such as lignin. The addition of Ca(OH) 2 was successful for lowering the concentration of inhibitors and adjusting the pH. The strain was grown in culture media with increasing volumetric percentages of treated hydrolysates up to 100% (v/v), supplemented with nutrients other than the carbon and energy source. This methodology shortened the lag phase of fermentation and improved the performance of yeast. Maximum ethanol concentration (12 g eth l -1 ), productivity (0.22 g eth l -1 h -1 ), and yield (0.48 g eth g xyl eqs -1 ) were achieved with treated acid-hydrolysates. These results are similar to those obtained by a synthetic medium with an equivalent xylose concentration.

November 15, 2009

Activation of thermomechanical pulp by laccases as studied by UV-Vis, UV resonance Raman and FTIR spectroscopy 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Anni Lähdetie, Tiina Liitiä, Tarja Tamminen, Jaakko Pere, Anna-Stiina Jääskeläinen

Page range: 745-750

Abstract

The changes in lignin structure of spruce thermomechanical pulp (TMP), induced by treatment with laccase of Trametes hirsuta (ThL) and laccase of Melanocarpus albomyces (MaL), has been investigated by UV-Vis, UV resonance Raman (UVRR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic results showed that the structural changes were small; however, the changes were slightly more pronounced in the case of MaL. Nevertheless, the brightness of the pulps remained higher after treatment with MaL than after treatment with ThL. Accordingly, MaL is a promising enzyme for fiber activation and functionalization.

November 15, 2009

Biological control of sapstain fungi: From laboratory experiments to field trials 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Cornelia Gradinger, Tsilla Boisselet, Daniel Stratev, Thomas Ters, Kurt Messner, Karin Fackler

Page range: 751-759

Abstract

Sapstain fungi, which reduce the value of pine wood, were isolated from an industrial wood yard in north-eastern Germany. The predominant wood discolouring species on the industrial wood yard and in the forests of the investigated region was Sphaeropsis sapinea (syn. Diplodia pinea ), but Ophiostoma minus was also found. These fungi were challenged with antagonistic micro-organisms in laboratory trials and in field experiments. Amongst the tested microorganisms only strains of filamentous fungi ( Trichoderma sp. and Phlebiopsis gigantea ) could control the sapstain fungi on pine wood blocks efficiently. Although P. gigantea was unable to inhibit stain formation completely, the wood was bleached by this fungus in later incubation stages. In two field trials, sapstain on pine wood logs was successfully retarded for a period of 10 and 12 weeks, respectively, with a white sporulating mutant of Trichoderma harzianum . Thus, the concept using filamentous fungi as antagonists against sapstain developed under laboratory conditions also proved to be valid under natural conditions in forest eco-systems.

November 15, 2009

Study of the sorption-desorption properties of pine wood at the initial stage of decay by wood-rot fungi 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Jelena Chirkova, Ilze Irbe, Ingeborga Andersone, Bruno Andersons

Page range: 761-766

Abstract

Hot water extraction of pine wood was carried out after 10 days of exposure to brown-rot fungi ( Gloeophyllum trabeum , Coniophora puteana and Poria placenta ) and a white-rot fungus ( Coriolus versicolor ). The microstructure of the wood cell wall was analysed by the water vapour sorption method. The content and composition of monosaccharides in the extracts were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Despite the absence of essential mass losses at the initial stage of the contact with the fungi, slight changes in the cell wall microstructure can be observed, namely, the hydrophobisation and the change in the character of porosity in the region of 1–10 nm pore sizes. After hot water treatment, the mass decreases considerably, i.e., to 25% for the control and brown-rot treated samples and more than 30% for the white-rot treated sample. The sorption-desorption isotherms for the washed control sample and brown-rot samples were not changed practically, but the isotherm was changed clearly in the case of the white-rot treated sample. The microstructure of the white-rot sample changed after hot water washing radically and was accompanied with the formation of wide mesopores in the range of 5–9 nm width.

November 15, 2009

Decay susceptibility of Amazon wood species from Brazil against white rot and brown rot decay fungi 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Jane Silveira Carneiro, Luciano Emmert, Gerson H. Sternadt, Julio César Mendes, Getúlio F. Almeida

Page range: 767-772

Abstract

A total of 28 tropical Amazon woods – many of them rarely used – from Tapajós National Forest, Pará state, Brazil, were tested for their natural resistance against the decay fungi: Ganoderma applanatum , Trametes versicolor , Pycnoporus sanguineus , Meruliporia incrassata , and Gloeophyllum trabeum . The wood resistance classification was made according to the ASTM D 2017-81 method. High variability on susceptibility to wood decay fungi was found. Their mean weight losses varied from 0.6% to 45.6%. Highly resistant species include: Astronium gracile , Bagassa guianensis , Caryocar villosum , Claricia racemosa , Diplotropis purpurea , Dipteryx odorata , Hymenaea courbaril , Manilkara huberi , Mezilaurus itauba , Sextonia rubra , Tabebuia incana, and Vatairea paraensis . The following wood species are less durable: Brosimum parinarioides , Jacaranda copaia , Laetia procera , Pouteria pachycarpa , Virola caducifolia , and Trattinnickia rhoifolia . Meruliporia incrassata caused extensive weight losses in most of the investigated Amazon wood species.

November 15, 2009

Relations between chemical changes and mechanical properties of thermally treated wood 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Elisabeth Windeisen, Helmut Bächle, Bernhard Zimmer, Gerd Wegener

Page range: 773-778

Abstract

Thermal treatments of wood ( Fagus sylvatica and Fraxinus excelsior ) were examined. The temperature load on wood causes characteristic changes in the chemical composition, which were determined by means of several defined methods. The results confirm that in addition to the degradation of polyoses lignin, known as the thermally most stable compound, also shows significant thermal alterations. In addition, mechanical properties of the specimens were examined in order to correlate these results with the effects of chemical changes of thermally treated wood. It was shown, e.g., that the decomposition of the polyoses can affect the strength properties both positively and negatively.

November 15, 2009

Kinetics of SO₂-ethanol-water pulping of spruce 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Mikhail Iakovlev, Timo Pääkkönen, Adriaan van Heiningen

Page range: 779-784

Abstract

SO 2 -ethanol-water (SEW) pulping is a promising fractionation process for lignocellulosics to produce pulp and value-added chemicals as a contribution to the concept of forest biorefinery. The presence of SO 2 leads to dissolution of hemicelluloses in high yield mostly as monomeric sugars, while lignin becomes soluble through sulfonation. After lignin removal, the dissolved sugars may be used as feedstock for fermentation to ethanol or butanol. SEW pulping may be considered a hybrid between solvent pulping (organosolv pulping by solvolysis) and acid sulfite pulping. Absence of an inorganic base leads to simplification of the recovery cycle. Furthermore, alcohol increases the impregnation rate of dissolved SO 2 into wood, so that a separate impregnation phase is not necessary. Also, the presence of SO 2 allows cooking of softwoods, while ethanol pulping is limited to hardwoods. Thus, SEW pulping may be applied to a wide variety of lignocellulosics at lower temperatures and similar cooking times than those used in kraft pulping. In the present study, SEW pulping experiments were performed on spruce chips at cooking temperatures of 135–165°C with a 12% SO 2 solution at a liquor-to-wood ratio of 6:1 l kg -1 . The effect of cooking temperature and time on kappa number, yield, and intrinsic viscosity of the pulp was determined. Based on these results, the kinetics of delignification, hemicelluloses removal, and cellulose hydrolytic destruction were established.

November 15, 2009

Study on desorption of Mn, Fe, and Mg from TMP and evaluation of the complexing strength of different chelating agents using side reaction coefficients 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Kim Granholm, Pingping Su, Leo Harju, Ari Ivaska

Page range: 785-790

Abstract

Chelation of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) was studied in this work. The desorption of Mn, Fe, and Mg due to their impact on peroxide bleaching was investigated. The desorption experiments were performed with EDTA, citric acid, oxalic acid, and formic acid as chelating agents at different pH. Chelation experiments with EDTA were carried out at pH 3–11. Sodium dithionite was used as the reducing agent in studying chelation with EDTA in a reducing environment. Mn was very effectively desorbed with EDTA from TMP at pH <10 and the reducing environment further improved the removal of all the studied metal ions from TMP with EDTA. Citric acid also removed Mn effectively from TMP at pH 5. The thermodynamic stability constants of different metal chelates do not present the correct picture of how strongly the metal ions are bound by the chelating agents in different conditions. But by means of the side reaction coefficients ( α M ( L ) -coefficients) it is also theoretically possible to evaluate and compare the real binding strengths between the metal ions and different chelating agents at varying pH values and other solution conditions. In this study, a theory is given for the calculation of side reaction coefficients. Values of the α M ( L ) -coefficients, for the pH range 0–14, are presented for EDTA, DTPA, and also for some other new potential environmentally friendly chelating agents.

Short Note

November 15, 2009

Determination of self-diffusion coefficient and hydrodynamic radius of xylan by NMR diffusometry (NMRd) 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Åsa Östlund, Magnus Nydén

Page range: 671-673

Abstract

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Meetings

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Meetings

Page range: back cover-back cover

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Contents Volume 63

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Contents Volume 63 (2009)

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Subject index

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Subject index

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Species index (scientific names)

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Species index (scientific names)

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Author index

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Author index

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Acknowledgement

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Acknowledgement

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About this journal

Objective
Holzforschung (HF) is an international scholarly journal that publishes cutting-edge research on the biology, chemistry, physics and technology of wood and wood components. High quality papers about biotechnology and tree genetics are also welcome. Rated year after year as one of the top scientific journals in the category of Pulp and Paper (ISI Journal Citation Index), Holzforschung represents innovative, high quality basic and applied research. The German title reflects the journal's origins in a long scientific tradition, but all articles are published in English to stimulate and promote cooperation between experts all over the world. Ahead-of-print publishing ensures fastest possible knowledge transfer.

Topics

Biology, chemistry, physics and technology of wood and wood components
Biotechnology and tree genetics

Article formats
Original articles, Reviews, Short notes

> Information on submission process

Volume 63 Issue 6

Issue of Holzforschung

Effects of selected key chromophores on cellulose integrity upon bleaching 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

A novel, mild and selective methylation of carboxyl groups in cellulosic pulps 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Effect of salts on the formation and properties of microcrystalline cellulose and chitosan gels 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Detection of muconic acid type structures in oxidised lignins using 2D NMR spectroscopy 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Synthesis of a lignin polymer model consisting of only phenolic β-O-4 linkages and testing its reactivity under alkaline conditions 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

HSQC-NMR analysis of lignin in woody (Eucalyptus globulus and Picea abies) and non-woody (Agave sisalana) ball-milled plant materials at the gel state 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Syringyl-type simple plant phenolics as mediating oxidants in laccase catalyzed degradation of lignocellulosic materials: Model compound studies 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Titration of free phenolic groups in pulps 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Interfacial properties of polyelectrolyte complexes incorporating kraft lignin 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Comparing soluble Trametes pubescens laccase and cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs) for enzymatic modification of cellulose 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Exploring enzymatic treatments for the production of dissolving grade pulp from different wood and non-wood paper grade pulps 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Effects of commercial cellobiohydrolase treatment on fiber strength and morphology of bleached hardwood pulp 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Prehydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. hemicelluloses prior to pulping and fermentation of the hydrolysates with the yeast Pichia stipitis 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Activation of thermomechanical pulp by laccases as studied by UV-Vis, UV resonance Raman and FTIR spectroscopy 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Biological control of sapstain fungi: From laboratory experiments to field trials 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Study of the sorption-desorption properties of pine wood at the initial stage of decay by wood-rot fungi 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Decay susceptibility of Amazon wood species from Brazil against white rot and brown rot decay fungi 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Relations between chemical changes and mechanical properties of thermally treated wood 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water pulping of spruce 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Study on desorption of Mn, Fe, and Mg from TMP and evaluation of the complexing strength of different chelating agents using side reaction coefficients 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Determination of self-diffusion coefficient and hydrodynamic radius of xylan by NMR diffusometry (NMRd) 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract

Meetings

Abstract

Contents Volume 63 (2009)

Abstract

Subject index

Abstract

Species index (scientific names)

Abstract

Author index

Abstract

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Effects of selected key chromophores on cellulose integrity upon bleaching 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

A novel, mild and selective methylation of carboxyl groups in cellulosic pulps 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Effect of salts on the formation and properties of microcrystalline cellulose and chitosan gels 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Detection of muconic acid type structures in oxidised lignins using 2D NMR spectroscopy 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Synthesis of a lignin polymer model consisting of only phenolic β-O-4 linkages and testing its reactivity under alkaline conditions 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

HSQC-NMR analysis of lignin in woody (Eucalyptus globulus and Picea abies) and non-woody (Agave sisalana) ball-milled plant materials at the gel state 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Syringyl-type simple plant phenolics as mediating oxidants in laccase catalyzed degradation of lignocellulosic materials: Model compound studies 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Titration of free phenolic groups in pulps 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Interfacial properties of polyelectrolyte complexes incorporating kraft lignin 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Comparing soluble Trametes pubescens laccase and cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs) for enzymatic modification of cellulose 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Exploring enzymatic treatments for the production of dissolving grade pulp from different wood and non-wood paper grade pulps 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Effects of commercial cellobiohydrolase treatment on fiber strength and morphology of bleached hardwood pulp 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Prehydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. hemicelluloses prior to pulping and fermentation of the hydrolysates with the yeast Pichia stipitis 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Activation of thermomechanical pulp by laccases as studied by UV-Vis, UV resonance Raman and FTIR spectroscopy 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Biological control of sapstain fungi: From laboratory experiments to field trials 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Study of the sorption-desorption properties of pine wood at the initial stage of decay by wood-rot fungi 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Decay susceptibility of Amazon wood species from Brazil against white rot and brown rot decay fungi 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Relations between chemical changes and mechanical properties of thermally treated wood 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Kinetics of SO₂-ethanol-water pulping of spruce 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Study on desorption of Mn, Fe, and Mg from TMP and evaluation of the complexing strength of different chelating agents using side reaction coefficients 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Determination of self-diffusion coefficient and hydrodynamic radius of xylan by NMR diffusometry (NMRd) 10^th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008