Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

Published by De Gruyter

Volume 28 Issue 2 - Special issue: Endocrine Functions of Bone: New (Patho)-Physiological and Clinical Insights / Editors: Gérard S. Chetrite and Bruno Féve - continued

Issue of Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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Contents
Journal Overview

Publicly Available November 30, 2016

Frontmatter

Page range: i-iv

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Topic B: Neuro-Endocrine Aspects of Bone-Brain Interactions

Review Articles

Publicly Available September 2, 2016

Bone-brain crosstalk and potential associated diseases

Audrey Rousseaud, Stephanie Moriceau, Mariana Ramos-Brossier, Franck Oury

Page range: 69-83

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Abstract

Reciprocal relationships between organs are essential to maintain whole body homeostasis. An exciting interplay between two apparently unrelated organs, the bone and the brain, has emerged recently. Indeed, it is now well established that the brain is a powerful regulator of skeletal homeostasis via a complex network of numerous players and pathways. In turn, bone via a bone-derived molecule, osteocalcin, appears as an important factor influencing the central nervous system by regulating brain development and several cognitive functions. In this paper we will discuss this complex and intimate relationship, as well as several pathologic conditions that may reinforce their potential interdependence.

Publicly Available August 10, 2016

Pituitary-bone connection in skeletal regulation

Mone Zaidi, Li Sun, Peng Liu, Terry F. Davies, Maria New, Alberta Zallone, Tony Yuen

Page range: 85-94

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Abstract

Pituitary hormones have traditionally been thought to exert specific, but limited function on target tissues. More recently, the discovery of these hormones and their receptors in organs such as the skeleton suggests that pituitary hormones have more ubiquitous functions. Here, we discuss the interaction of growth hormone (GH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), prolactin, oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) with bone. The direct skeletal action of pituitary hormones therefore provides new insights and therapeutic opportunities for metabolic bone diseases, prominently osteoporosis.

Publicly Available November 19, 2016

Control of bone and fat mass by oxytocin

Ez-Zoubir Amri, Didier F. Pisani

Page range: 95-104

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Abstract

Osteoporosis and overweight/obesity constitute major worldwide public health burdens. Aging is associated with a decrease in hormonal secretion, lean mass and bone mass, and an increase in fat accumulation. It is established that both obesity and osteoporosis are affected by genetic and environmental factors, bone remodeling and adiposity are both regulated through the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system. Oxytocin (OT), belongs to the pituitary hormone family and regulates the function of peripheral target organs, its circulating levels decreased with age. Nowadays, it is well established that OT plays an important role in the control of bone and fat mass and their metabolism. Of note, OT and oxytocin receptor knock out mice develop bone defects and late-onset obesity. Thus OT emerges as a promising molecule in the treatment of osteoporosis and obesity as well as associated metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will discuss findings regarding the OT effects on bone and fat mass.

Original Article

Publicly Available September 17, 2016

LHRH receptor expression in sarcomas of bone and soft tissue

Chenthuran Deivaraju, H. Thomas Temple, Norman Block, Philip Robinson, Andrew V. Schally

Page range: 105-111

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Abstract

Aim: Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) is a neurohormone, secreted by the hypothalamus, which regulates the secretion of gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary. LHRH acts by binding to receptors located in the pituitary gland. These receptors (LHRH receptors) have also been found in the cytoplasm of many tumor cells that involve both the reproductive and non-reproductive organs. These receptors have been demonstrated in prostate and breast cancers, endometrial carcinomas, renal cell carcinoma, lymphoma, carcinoma of liver, pancreas and skin. So far, the expression of LHRH receptors on sarcomas (i.e. malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin) has not been studied, except for endometrial sarcomas. It has also been demonstrated that both LHRH agonists and antagonists can down-regulate these receptors and thus inhibit these tumor cells. Another major therapeutic implication is that these receptors can be targeted specifically by peptides conjugated to anti-cancer drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine if LHRH receptors are expressed in primary and/or metastatic sarcomas of human origin. Methods: We looked at LHRH receptor expression in 38 consecutive sarcoma specimens, using immunohistochemistry. The specimens were either from office biopsy or from resected tumor; these were confirmed as sarcomas by histopathological examination. The receptor staining characteristics and the staining intensity were also documented. The pattern of staining was classified either as “focal or diffuse staining of the cytoplasm” and the intensity of staining was graded on a scale from 1+ to 4+. Results: Positive receptor staining was seen in 25 of the 38 (66%) specimens. Twelve of the specimens stained diffusely and 13 had focally positive staining. Three tumors had 1+ staining, 10 had 2+ staining, six had 3+ staining, and six tumors had 4+ staining. The tumors included undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, myofibroblastic sarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, metastatic chondrosarcoma and chordoma. Conclusion: Sarcomas express LHRH receptors with a varying incidence and degree. Our study suggests that those sarcomas that are LHRH receptor positive could potentially be treated with targeted chemotherapy.

About this journal

Objective
Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation (HMBCI) is dedicated to the provision of basic data on molecular aspects of hormones in physiology and pathophysiology. The journal covers the treatment of major diseases, such as endocrine cancers (breast, prostate, endometrium, ovary), renal and lymphoid carcinoma, hypertension, cardiovascular systems, osteoporosis, hormone deficiency in menopause and andropause, obesity, diabetes, brain and related diseases, metabolic syndrome, sexual dysfunction, fetal and pregnancy diseases, as well as the treatment of dysfunctions and deficiencies. HMBCI covers new data on the different steps and factors involved in the mechanism of hormone action. It will equally examine the relation of hormones with the immune system and its environment, as well as new developments in hormone measurements.

HMBCI is a blind peer reviewed journal and publishes in English: Original articles, Reviews, Mini Reviews, Short Communications, Case Reports, Letters to the Editor and Opinion papers. Ahead-of-print publishing ensures faster processing of fully proof-read, DOI-citable articles.

Topics

The superfamily of receptors of the different hormones (steroids, polypeptides and related hormones), and co-regulators (activators and repressors);
Hormones related to the function of growth factors, oncogenes, and cytokines, in normal and neoplastic tissues;
Enzymes and anti-enzymes involved in the formation and disposition of various hormones in connection with the diseases stated above;
Hormone signaling and response to hormone therapy;
Mechanism of cancer cell proliferation under endocrine therapy;
Resistance to hormone therapy and its mechanism;
Hormones and the brain and other neuroendocrine organs;
Hormone replacement therapy;
Pre-clinical studies to test new molecules in isolated models and in human trials;
Hormones and the immune system;
Hormones and the environment;
Initiation and evolution of diseases related to the mechanism of action of hormones;
Therapeutic effect of hormones with regard to the method of administration.

Article formats

Original articles, Reviews, Mini Reviews, Short Communications, Case Reports, Letters to the Editor and Opinion papers