Published since January 1, 1949

HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials

Zeitschrift für Werkstoffe, Wärmebehandlung, Fertigung

ISSN: 2194-1831

Editors-in-chief: Herwig Altena, Olaf Keßler, Marcel A. J. Somers

About this journal

HTM is a bilingual (German-English) independently assessed and periodical standard publication that provides reports on all aspects of heat treatment and material technology in research and production. By publishing trend-setting contributions to research and practical experience reports, HTM helps in answering scientific questions as well as regarding investment decisions in the industry. All articles are subject to thorough, independent peer review.
HTM is the official organ of AWT – the Association of Heat Treatment and Materials Technology.

Abstracting and Indexing

HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials is covered by the following services:

Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
SCImago (SJR)
SCOPUS
Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citation Index
X-MOL

Supplementary Materials

Topics

External Links

Volume 77 Issue 6

December 2022

Publicly Available December 23, 2022

Contents / Inhalt

Page range: 391-392

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Publicly Available December 23, 2022

Martensitic Induction Hardening of Nitrided Layers*

S. Hoja, N. Haupt, M. Steinbacher, R. Fechte-Heinen

Page range: 393-408

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Abstract

In this research a combination of nitriding and induction hardening is investigated, as this is expected not only to result in significant savings in process time and energy, but also to produce surface layer properties that cannot be set with one of the individual processes. The focus of the current investigations was on the dissolution of the compound layer during inductive heating and the resulting microstructure formation and the hardness profile. Furthermore, it was investigated how the absence of a compound layer affects the subsequent martensitic transformation. For this purpose, differently nitrided surface layers were martensitically hardened and the microstructure was investigated metallographically and physically. After the martensitic transformation of the nitrided layer porosity and retained austenite were observed due to the decomposition of the nitrides of the compound layer. The retained austenite could be reduced by higher temperatures during surface hardening and compound layer removal. The investigations showed, that the optimum initial condition for induction hardening is nitriding with compound layer and a mechanical removal of the latter prior to induction heat treatment.

December 23, 2022

Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Determine Surface Hardness Based on the Barkhausen Effect

C. Krause, B. Uysal, M. Engler, C. Radek, M. Schaudig

Page range: 409-424

Abstract

Ensuring product and part quality impacts manufacturing productivity, efficiency and profitability. The goal of every manufacturing company is to quickly identify reduced quality in order to take appropriate measures to improve quality. The use of non-destructive testing methods such as Barkhausen noise in combination with artificial intelligence (AI), which immediately classifies the data, offers a way to implement the desired quality monitoring in a production line. In the present study, the measured data of the Barkhausen signal of surface hardened components with different degrees of tempering were analyzed. For this purpose, suitable AI models were developed and trained with the processed measurement data to generate prediction values for the surface hardness. Data preparation and further processing was carried out using the Spyder development environment with the Python programming language. The following models were applied, tested and optimized during the study: Support vector machine, random forest regression and an artificial neural network. The models were able to predict hardness levels with high accuracy after effective training. Overall, the neural network showed the best results. The applied procedures and methods are fast, non-destructive and provide results with acceptable measurement error, which allows their use in the production environment. Further improvements will be sought in the future, e. g. by applying a larger amount of training data, by changing the features used in the training and by increasing the measurement accuracy when capturing the Barkhausen signal.

December 23, 2022

S³P– Innovative Surface Treatment to Increase the Wear Resistance of Stainless Steel Components*

S. Gerritsen, A. Bauer

Page range: 425-436

Abstract

Austenitic and duplex stainless steels are used in a variety of industries due to their high corrosion resistance. However, this is countered by a high coefficient of friction and thus a limited wear behaviour, which restricts the technical application possibilities. Coatings or conventional hardening processes, such as solution nitriding above 1000 °C, offer a certain reduction of these wear phenomena, but are associated with the risk of delamination and/or loss of corrosion properties. In addition, the hardening effect is limited for austenitic and duplex grades. The low temperature surface hardening process below 500 °C offers the possibility to overcome these limitations. In this article the technology of this process is explained. In addition, research results show the positive influence of this treatment on the lifetime of components made of corrosion resistant steels. As a future outlook, possible properties and applications for the prospective increasing number of hydrogen applications are explained.

December 23, 2022

Gas Analysis and Optimization of Debinding and Sintering Processes for Metallic Binder-Based AM*

A. Strauß, P. Quadbeck, O. Andersen, S. Riecker, H.-D. Böhm, T. Weißgärber

Page range: 437-448

Abstract

Binder-based additive manufacturing processes for metallic AM components in a wide range of applications usually use organic binders and process-related additives that must be thermally removed before sintering. Debinding processes are typically parameterized empirically and thus far from the optimum. Since debinding based on thermal decomposition processes of organic components and the subsequent thermochemical reactions between process atmosphere and metal powder materials make uncomplicated parameterization difficult, in-situ instrumentation was introduced at Fraunhofer IFAM. This measurement method relies on infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in various furnace concepts to understand the gas processes of decomposition of organic components and the subsequent thermochemical reactions between the carrier gas atmosphere and the metal part, as well as their kinetics. This method enables an efficient optimization of the temperature-time profiles and the required atmosphere composition to realize dense AM components with low contamination. In the paper, the optimization strategy is presented, and the achievable properties are illustrated using a fused filament fabrication (FFF) component example made of 316L stainless steel.

Imprint / Impressum

Publicly Available December 23, 2022

Imprint / Impressum

Page range: A4-A4

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From and for Practice / Praxis-Informationen

Publicly Available December 23, 2022

AWT-Info / HTM 06-2022

Page range: A5-A21

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Publicly Available December 23, 2022

HTM Praxis

Page range: A22-A32

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Volume 77 (2022)

Volume 76 (2021)

Volume 75 (2020)

Volume 74 (2019)

Volume 73 (2018)

Volume 72 (2017)

Volume 71 (2016)

Volume 70 (2015)

Volume 69 (2014)

Volume 68 (2013)

Volume 67 (2012)

Volume 66 (2011)

Volume 65 (2010)

Volume 64 (2009)

Volume 63 (2008)

Volume 62 (2007)

Volume 61 (2006)

Volume 60 (2005)

Volume 59 (2004)

Volume 56 (2001)

Volume 54 (1999)

Volume 53 (1998)

Volume 52 (1997)

Volume 51 (1996)

Volume 49 (1994)

Volume 48 (1993)

Volume 47 (1992)

Volume 46 (1991)

Volume 45 (1990)

Volume 44 (1989)

Volume 43 (1988)

Volume 42 (1987)

Volume 41 (1986)

Volume 40 (1985)

Volume 39 (1984)

Volume 38 (1983)

Volume 37 (1982)

Volume 36 (1981)

Volume 35 (1980)

Volume 34 (1979)

Volume 33 (1978)

Volume 32 (1977)

Volume 31 (1976)

Volume 30 (1975)

Volume 29 (1974)

Volume 28 (1973)

Volume 26 (1971)

Volume 24 (1969)

Cite Score	1.9
Journal Citation Indicator	0.21
SCImago Journal Rank	0.330
Source Normalized Impact per Paper	1.007

Submit

Manuscript submission

Thank you for your interest in publishing your technical paper with HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials. You can easily submit your manuscript via the following link: https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/htm

You will be guided through the whole submission process in ScholarOne Manuscripts System.

Service

Your publication will be independently and carefully peer-reviewed to the highest standard. You will receive individual and personal advice and support throughout the publication process.

Publication in German and English opens up your contribution to a broad, international audience from various fields of materials, manufacturing, and process engineering.

Accepted papers can be published online first as DOI-citable, forward-linked articles for the quickest possible visibility for the scientific community and interested readership.

If you have general questions about HTM, please contact: schicks@iwt-bremen.de or tiedemann@iwt-bremen.de.

General guidelines for authors

Before submitting your article please take note of the Instruction for Authors as well as the Copyright Transfer Agreement.

If you have any general questions, please visit our FAQ page for authors.

Rights of use
Please note: Publication in HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials is exclusive.

If the content of the paper has already been presented orally at a meeting, you should note this with reference to the type, venue and date of the meeting.

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that the other named authors agree to the publication as submitted.

Upon acceptance of the manuscript, the publisher acquires rights of use for the duration of the legal protection period.

Hybrid Open Access

In this journal, authors have the option to publish their article under an open access license. Open access allows the authors to retain copyright and share their findings with colleagues and interested parties worldwide without any restraints.

Please note that authors from institutions with which we have a transformative agreement can publish open access without paying an article processing charge (APC) or at considerable discount. More information on the eligible institutions and articles can be found in the “Funding and Support” tab here.

Editorial

Editors in Chief
Prof. Dr. ir. Marcel A. J. Somers (somers@mek.dtu.dk)
Technical University of Denmark

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Olaf Keßler (olaf.kessler@uni-rostock.de)
Universität Rockstock

Dr.-Ing. Herwig Altena (Herwig.Altena@aichelin.com)
Former Aichelin Ges.m.b.H., (Mödling, Austria)

Editorial Office

Herrn Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rainer Fechte-Heinen (fechte@iwt-bremen.de)
IWT Leibniz-Institut für Werkstofforientierte Technologien (IWT) (Bremen, Germany)

Belinda Schicks (schicks@iwt-bremen.de)
Leibniz-Institut für Werkstofforientierte Technologien (IWT) (Bremen, Germany)

Ulla Tiedemann (tiedemann@iwt-bremen.de)
Leibniz-Institut für Werkstofforientierte Technologien (IWT) (Bremen, Germany)

Society contacts
Frau Sonja Müller (s.mueller@awt-online.org)
Managing Director, AWT Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wärmebehandlung und Werkstofftechnik e.V. (AWT)

Dietmar von der Au (Dietmar.vonderAu@degruyter.com)
Ad Sales VONDERAU Medienberatung

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Werner Zoch (zoch@iwt-bremen.de)
Former Managing Director IWT Leibniz-Institut für Werkstofforientierte Technologien (IWT) (Bremen, Germany)

(Deutsch)

Online ISSN: 2194-1831
Print ISSN: 1867-2493
Type: Journal
Language: Multiple languages
Publisher: De Gruyter
First published: January 1, 1949
Publication Frequency: 6 Issues per Year

HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials

Zeitschrift für Werkstoffe, Wärmebehandlung, Fertigung

Contents / Inhalt

Martensitic Induction Hardening of Nitrided Layers*

Abstract

Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Determine Surface Hardness Based on the Barkhausen Effect

Abstract

S3P– Innovative Surface Treatment to Increase the Wear Resistance of Stainless Steel Components*

Abstract

Gas Analysis and Optimization of Debinding and Sintering Processes for Metallic Binder-Based AM*

Abstract

Imprint / Impressum

AWT-Info / HTM 06-2022

HTM Praxis

S³P– Innovative Surface Treatment to Increase the Wear Resistance of Stainless Steel Components*