International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship

Published by De Gruyter

Volume 13 Issue 1 -

Issue of International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship

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Contents
Journal Overview

Publicly Available December 1, 2016

Frontmatter

Page range: i-iii

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Publicly Available February 26, 2016

Professional Development Needs of Novice Nursing Clinical Teachers: A Rapid Evidence Assessment

Farah Jetha, Geertje Boschma, Marion Clauson

Page range: 1-10

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Abstract

The current nursing profession is challenged with a decreasing supply of competent clinical teachers due to several factors consequently impacting the quality of nursing education. To meet this demand, academic nursing programs are resorting to hiring expert nurses who may have little or no teaching experience. They need support during their transition from practice to teaching. Using the systematic approach of a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA), scholarly literature was reviewed to identify existing professional development needs for novice clinical teachers as well as supportive strategies to aid the transition of experienced nurses into teaching practice. The REA included 29 relevant studies. Findings revealed three main professional development needs for novice clinical teachers and key supportive strategies. Based on these findings recommendations for best practices to support and prepare novice clinical teachers are presented.

Publicly Available April 13, 2016

The Introduction of “Safety Science” into an Undergraduate Nursing Programme at a Large University in the United Kingdom

Nick White, Deborah Clark, Robin Lewis, Wayne Robson

Page range: 11-18

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Abstract

Implementing safety science {a term adopted by the authors which incorporates both patient safety and human factors (Sherwood, G. (2011). Integrating quality and safety science in nursing education and practice. Journal of Research in Nursing , 16(3), 226–240. doi: 10.1177/1744987111400960)} into healthcare programmes is a major challenge facing healthcare educators worldwide (National Advisory Group on the Safety of Patients in England, 2013; World Health Organisation, 2009). Patient safety concerns relating to human factors have been well-documented over the years, and the root cause(s) of as many as 65–80 % of these events are linked to human error (Dunn et al., 2007; Reason, 2005). This paper will describe how safety science education was embedded into a pre-registration nursing programme at a large UK university. The authors argue that the processes described in this paper, may be successfully applied to other pre-registration healthcare programmes in addition to nursing.

May 13, 2016

Low Back Pain in Student Nurses: Literature Review and Prospective Cohort Study

Nancy Menzel, Du Feng, Jessica Doolen

Page range: 19-25

Abstract

There is consensus that registered nurses worldwide have a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, particularly of the back. Patient handling activities such as lifting present the highest risk of injury, activities that begin in nursing school. A literature review identified 21 studies of back pain in nursing students, indicating a wide range of prevalence rates. A prospective cohort study of nursing students in a United States baccalaureate program followed 119 students who completed the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire upon beginning the 16 month upper division major and then a year later. There was no statistically significant change in low back pain prevalence over time. While nursing students have intermittent and brief exposure to patient handling activities, nursing schools must nevertheless protect them before they enter the high risk profession of nursing by teaching evidence-based safe patient handling techniques, empowering students to refuse unsafe manual lifts, and ensuring that the clinical settings with which they affiliate have adequate mechanical equipment available.

May 13, 2016

Making the Case for Simulation-Based Assessments to Overcome the Challenges in Evaluating Clinical Competency

Gwen Leigh, Frances Stueben, Deedra Harrington, Stephen Hetherman

Page range: 27-34

Abstract

The use of simulation in nursing has increased substantially in the last few decades. Most schools of nursing have incorporated simulation into their curriculum but few are using simulation to evaluate clinical competency at the end of a semester or prior to graduation. Using simulation for such high stakes evaluation is somewhat novel to nursing. Educators are now being challenged to move simulation to the next level and use it as a tool for evaluating clinical competency. Can the use of simulation for high-stakes evaluation add to or improve our current evaluation methods? Using patient simulation for evaluation in contrast to a teaching modality has important differences that must be considered. This article discusses the difficulties of evaluating clinical competency, and makes the case for using simulation based assessment as a method of high stakes evaluation. Using simulation for high-stakes evaluation has the potential for significantly impacting nursing education.

May 13, 2016

Teaching and Learning Medication Calculations: A Grounded Theory of Conceptual Understanding

Susan Mills

Page range: 35-43

Abstract

Objective : The purpose of this study was to identify the process of nursing students’ attainment of conceptual understanding when learning medication dosage calculations. Design : This study utilized a grounded theory research design with a blended theoretical framework of constructivism and symbolic interaction. Results : A process of conceptual understanding began with the teaching and learning experiences in the classroom and progressed to students’ reengagement with the course content outside of the classroom. Confusion was the core category of the process. Students who were able to work through the confusion and solve problems were able to attain conceptual understanding and progress to more complex problem solving. Conclusions : Nurse educators need to identify teaching and learning strategies that promote conceptual understanding. Helping students to get beyond memorization and move to understanding of medication calculations can help students’ critical thinking and problem solving ability and lead to conceptual understanding.

June 24, 2016

Being Dementia Smart (BDS): A Dementia Nurse Education Journey in Scotland

Leah Macaden

Page range: 45-53

Abstract

There is a global demographic transition secondary to population ageing. The number of older people living with multimorbidities including dementia has been significantly rising both in developed and developing countries. It is estimated that there would be 74.7 million people living with dementia by 2030 that would escalate to 135.46 million by 2050. 62 % of people with dementia currently live in low and middle income countries that are very poorly resourced to cope with this epidemic. Dementia is now duly recognised as a national priority within the UK and a global priority at the 2013 G8 Summit. Management and care of an individual with dementia requires a multidisciplinary approach with expertise and a competent skill base. Nurses are central to the delivery of dementia care delivery in hospitals, community and residential care settings. It is against this background that this pre-registration integrated dementia curriculum was developed to build capacity and capability with dementia expertise among the future nursing workforce in Scotland in line with the National Dementia Strategy.

July 22, 2016

Student Perceptions about the Influence of a Perioperative Nursing Elective on Career Preferences

Nola A. Schmidt, Janet M. Brown, Linda Holmes

Page range: 55-62

Abstract

It has been suggested that offering perioperative nursing courses will increase the number of nurses and new graduates who enter the perioperative area. There is little research to support that students’ career choices are influenced by immersion in perioperative content. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe student perceptions of perioperative nursing as a career option following completion of an elective in perioperative nursing. Two focus groups were held involving students (N=19) who completed the course. One hour sessions were audio taped as students described their perceptions about perioperative nursing. Tapes were transcribed verbatim and analysed for themes. Four themes were identified: 1) opening their eyes: career advantages, 2) being captive: career disadvantages, 3) paradox unrecognized, and 4) I’ll be a better nurse. Although students were not persuaded to alter their primary employment intentions, they acknowledged the possibility of a future career in the perioperative area.

August 24, 2016

Learning Styles: Impact on Knowledge and Confidence in Nursing Students in Simulation and Classroom

Jane D. Brannan, Anne White, Janice Long

Page range: 63-73

Abstract

Nurse Educators must develop nursing curriculum with engaging learning strategies that promote the knowledge and confidence needed for safe, effective nursing practice. Faculty should explore new methods of teaching that consider how students learn. Studies have shown mixed results regarding student learning styles, academic achievement, and development of confidence in nursing practice. An experimental study using Felder and Soloman’s (2004). Index of learning styles instrument was conducted to examine nursing student learning styles and their impact on confidence and knowledge in traditional and high fidelity simulation settings. Findings revealed students were more likely to have active, visual, sensing, and sequential learning styles. Student confidence or knowledge did not significantly differ among the learning styles in either simulation or traditional classroom methods. Awareness of learning styles may aid faculty in adapting engaging teaching strategies. Further research is needed with larger samples to identify best approaches to enhance student learning within the context of learning styles.

August 24, 2016

Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Anecdotal Notes as Formative Feedback

Margaret Ann Quance

Page range: 75-85

Abstract

Anecdotal notes are a method of providing formative feedback to nursing students following clinical experiences. The extant literature on anecdotal notes is written only from the educator perspective, focusing on rationale for and methods of production, rather than on evaluation of effectiveness. A retrospective descriptive study was carried out with a cohort of 283 third year baccalaureate nursing students to explore their perceptions of anecdotal notes as effective formative feedback. The majority of students valued verbal as well as anecdotal note feedback. They preferred to receive feedback before the next learning experience. Students found the quality of feedback varied by instructor. The anecdotal note process was found to meet identified formative feedback requirements as well as the nursing program’s requirement for transparency of evaluation and due process. It is necessary to provide professional development to clinical nurse educators to assist them develop high quality formative feedback using anecdotal notes.

September 20, 2016

Examining the Importance of Admissions Criteria in Predicting Nursing Program Success

Oscar Wambuguh, Monika Eckfield, Lynn Van Hofwegen

Page range: 87-96

Abstract

Baccalaureate nursing programs select students likely to graduate, become licensed, and contribute to a diverse workforce, and admissions criteria need to support those goals. This study assessed five criteria: pre-admit science GPA; TEAS score; healthcare experience; previous baccalaureate degree; and pre-admission university enrollment vs. college transfer as predictors of three desired outcomes: graduation; nursing program GPA; and passing NCLEX-RN. Results found TEAS and pre-admit science GPA predicted nursing program outcomes. Students with TEAS≥82 had 8 % greater probability of graduating, 13 % greater probability of a GPA≥3.25, and 9 % greater probability of passing NCLEX-RN, compared to students with TEAS < 82. Students with pre-admit science GPAs≥3.8 had 11 % greater probability of passing NCLEX-RN and 14 % greater probability of a GPA≥3.25 compared to students with pre-admit science GPAs < 3.8. Further discussions regarding factors important for training a diverse nursing workforce and effective ways to implement non-academic admission criteria are warranted.

October 8, 2016

Health Advocacy Project: Evaluating the Benefits of Service Learning to Nursing Students and Low Income Individuals Involved in a Community-Based Mental Health Promotion Project

Joan Samuels-Dennis, Liudi Xia, Sandra Secord, Amelia Raiger

Page range: 97-108

Abstract

Poverty, along with other factors such as unemployment, work and life stressors, interpersonal violence, and lack of access to high quality health and/or social services all play a role in determining who develops a mental illness and for whom those symptoms persist or worsen. Senior nursing student preparing to enter the field and working in a service learning capacity may be able to influence early recovery and symptom abatement among those most vulnerable to mental illness. A consortium of community stakeholders and researchers collaboratively designed a 10-week mental health promotion project called the Health Advocacy Project (HAP). The project combines case management and system navigation support delivered by trained and highly supervised nursing students to individuals experiencing major depressive disorder (MDD) and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this article, we present the findings of a qualitative fidelity evaluation that examines the effectiveness of nursing students in delivering the health advocacy intervention at the level and with the intensity originally intended. The findings demonstrate how the services of senior nursing students may be optimized to benefit our healthcare system and populations most at risk for developing MDD and PTSD.

October 13, 2016

Failing Clinical Practice & the Unsafe Student: A New Perspective

Judith Marlene Scanlan, Wanda M. Chernomas

Page range: 109-116

Abstract

Students who fail clinical courses is a long standing issue in nursing education. Although faculty intuitively “know” a student is in clinical difficulty, the research literature is limited to delineating and describing characteristics of these students. A retrospective analysis of students’ files in which there was at least one clinical failure was conducted to identify clinical failure indicators. Files included students who were successful, required to withdraw, or voluntarily withdrew. This study integrates these characteristics in a manner not discussed in the literature. Two themes emerged that characterize student practices: (i) How students are in practice and (ii) Aspects of practice. A third theme surfaced as clinical teachers responded to these students by labelling the practice unsafe and increasing vigilance. A model was developed that shows the relationship between these characteristics and unsafe student practice.

October 15, 2016

Nursing Clinical Instructor Experiences of Empowerment in Rwanda: Applying Kanter’s and Spreitzer’s Theories

Mary Thuss, Yolanda Babenko-Mould, Mary-Anne Andrusyszyn, Heather K. S. Laschinger

Page range: 117-125

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore Rwandan nursing clinical instructors’ (CIs) experiences of structural and psychological empowerment. CIs play a vital role in students’ development by facilitating learning in health care practice environments. Quality nursing education hinges on the CI’s ability to enact a professional role. A descriptive qualitative method was used to obtain an understanding of CIs empowerment experiences in practice settings. Kanter’s Theory of Structural Power in Organizations and Spreitzer’s Psychological Empowerment Theory were used as theoretical frameworks to interpret experiences. Interview data from 21 CIs were used to complete a secondary analysis. Most participants perceived the structural components of informal power, resources, and support while formal power and opportunity were limited, diminishing their sense of structural empowerment. Psychological empowerment for CIs stemmed from a sense of competence, meaning, impact and self-determination they had for their teaching roles and responsibilities in the practice setting.

Review

November 8, 2016

An Analysis of Factors Affecting Mature Age Students’ Academic Success in Undergraduate Nursing Programs: A Critical Literature Review

Lisa J. Hayden, Sarah Y. Jeong, Carol A. Norton

Page range: 127-138

Abstract

The population of mature age students entering university nursing programs has steadily increased in both Australia and worldwide. The objective of the literature review was to explore how mature age students perform academically and to analyse the factors associated with their academic performance in nursing programs. A literature search was conducted in the following databases: CINAHL, ProQuest, Medline, Cochrane, Mosby’s Index, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), and Scopus. Twenty-six (26) research papers published between 2000 and 2014 have met the selection criteria of this review. The key themes identified include; 1) ambiguity in definition of mature age and academic success, 2) age and academic success, 3) intrinsic factors (life experiences, emotional intelligence, and motivation and volition), and 4) extrinsic factors (peer, academic and family support; and learning style, components of the modules and mode of delivery). Current literature provides evidence that mature age nursing students perform at a higher level within the methodological issues discussed in this paper. Future research is warranted to advance the understanding of the complex relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic factors of mature age students and their academic success in higher education. Nursing educators will benefit from novel evidence, ideas and opportunities to explore and implement in nursing education.

About this journal

Objective
The International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship (IJNES) publishes significant research and scholarship in the broad field of nursing education. The mandate of the journal is to present high quality papers to advance nursing education through research, description of innovative methods, or introduction of novel approaches about all aspects of nursing education in a timely manner. The specific aims of IJNES are to: promote worldwide scholarship in nursing education, enhance and advance nursing education globally, and provide a forum for the dissemination of international perspectives and scholarship in nursing education.　

Topics

Student, faculty, curriculum, and program development and evaluation
Theoretically-based teaching and learning strategies in classroom, clinical, and flexible learning contexts
Issues and trends in nursing education
Administration and leadership of nursing education programs

Article formats
Research, expository, and short exemplar articles, as well as critical literature reviews about diploma, degree, post-graduate and continuing education are invited from colleagues around the world.