Published since January 1, 1910

Der Islam

Journal of the History and Culture of the Middle East

ISSN: 1613-0928

Edited by: Stefan Heidemann, Gottfried Hagen, Andreas Kaplony, Rudi Matthee, Kristina L. Richardson

About this journal

Founded by Carl Heinrich Becker in 1910, the Journal Der Islam provides a forum for the study of the history and culture of the Middle East before the age of modernisation in the 19th century, from the Iberian Peninsula to Central Asia. Articles present the latest research in the humanities and social sciences based on literary traditions, and archival, material, as well as archaeological evidence.

Corresponding book series "SME" (Studies in the History and Culture of the Middle East): http://www.degruyter.com/view/serial/278659

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Supplementary Materials

Topics

Volume 99 Issue 2

October 2022

Publicly Available October 11, 2022

Titelseiten

Page range: i-v

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October 11, 2022

Heinz Gaube (1940–2022)

Eva Orthmann

Page range: 285-288

Articles

October 11, 2022

Circumcision in Early Islam

Yehonatan Carmeli

Page range: 289-311

Abstract

The article asserts that verses 124–130 in the second sūrah of the Qurʾān (al-Baqara/“The Cow”) alludes to the biblical precept (Genesis 17) but presents the practice as a custom that has no special virtues, and certainly not those the Jews ascribed to it. It then claims that circumcision is identified as one of Abraham’s trials, which are mentioned in the Qurʾān and thus part of early Islam, and that this idea did not arise in the Middle Ages.

October 11, 2022

Le dossier du Patrice Grégoire dans les sources arabes

Anis Mkacher

Page range: 312-336

Abstract

Résumé en français L’intégration de la région africaine au sein de l’Empire musulman fut l’occasion pour de nombreux historiens, géographes et autres érudits de s’intéresser à ces contrées, d’écrire une histoire de sa conquête et, par la suite, de dresser un tableau plus large qui englobait les aspects sociaux ou économiques de la région. Dans le présent travail, nous avons réalisé une enquête sur le Patrice Grégoire à travers les témoignages des récits arabes. Cette recherche est fondée sur un recensement de ces mentions et une analyse de leur contenu. L’objectif majeur est de comprendre l’apport de cette catégorie de textes à un épisode particulier de la conquête arabe de l’Afrique du Nord.

October 11, 2022

Vers une nouvelle méthode de datation du hadith: les invocations à Dieu dans les inscriptions épigraphiques et dans la sunna

Mathieu Tillier

Page range: 337-433

Abstract

The dating of Islamic traditions has so far remained dependent on internal analyses of the hadith corpus. However, a comparison between this corpus and documentary sources appears possible. Invocations engraved on rocks during the first three centuries of Islam can be compared with those attributed to the earliest authorities of Islam. The new method I propose, based on an analysis of lexical convergences between inscriptions and hadith, allows to approach the time when traditions were first put into circulation and to study the process whereby invocatory formulas were incorporated into the sunna and attributed to various authorities. In this way, it becomes possible to identify a historically plausible lexical nucleus in prophetic hadith and to understand how, by means of transmitters that I call “hubs,” ancient non-prophetic traditions became prophetic.

October 11, 2022

Ṣalāt al-Niṣf min Rajab: A Shīʿī Tradition Preserved on Paper

Khaled Younes

Page range: 434-460

Abstract

Edition and study of P.Vindob. A.Ch. 36616, a literary paper fragment from 3 rd /9 th -century Egypt. The fragment contains a tradition that depicts ʿ Alī b. Abī Ṭālib (d. 40/661) performing a four- rak ʿ a prayer and reciting a special supplication on the 15 th of the month of Rajab. The tradition is only known from noncanonical Shīʿī ḥadīth collections. Situating it in a broader historical context, the paper provides a glimpse on the Shīʿī presence in Egypt as well as the sanctity of the month of Rajab in Sunnī and Shīʿī literatures. This tradition, in conclusion, presents an early evidence for the observances of the month of Rajab in general and the middle of the month in particular in the local Shīʿī community in pre-Fatimid Egypt.

October 11, 2022

“Al-Raqqa, Namely Kalne” – Testimonies from the Cairo Geniza

Miriam Frenkel

Page range: 461-475

Abstract

The article concerns the medieval history of the strategic city al-Raqqa, situated at the junction of the Balīkh and Euphrates Rivers. After an overview of the city’s middle Islamic history, gathered from Islamic textual sources and archaeological finds, it focuses on the city’s history during the fifth/eleventh century, which is also its most obscure period, on which the textual sources are silent and archaeological finds are scanty. Eleventh century al Raqqa is revealed through several documents from the Cairo Geniza, which tell the story of the al- Lādhiqī family, whose members occupied leadership positions in the local Jewish community and around. Through the saga of the al-Lādhiqīs, some light is shed on the dimorphic rule exercised by the Bedouin tribe of Banū Numayr on the city and on the local Jewish community and the ways it integrated in the city and in the wider network of Jewish communities.

Open Access October 11, 2022

“Personal Opinion” in Qurʾānic Exegesis: Medieval Debates and Interpretations of al-Tafsīr bi-l-Raʾy

Alena Kulinich

Page range: 476-513

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Abstract

This article explores the long-contested question about the role of individual judgement vis-à-vis the authority of tradition in the interpretation of the Qurʾān. It focuses on the notion of al-tafsīr bi-l-raʾy – interpretation of the Qurʾān by “personal opinion” – and offers an insight into medieval Muslim debates over the legitimacy of this type of exegesis, its alleged prophetic disapproval, and the scope and conditions of its use. Based on the Sunnī tafsīr works from the 3rd/9th to the 6th/12th centuries, the article examines how in the course of these debates Muslim authors negotiated the meaning of al-tafsīr bi-l-raʾy . Against the view that it encompassed any interpretation beyond tradition-based tafsīr , their reinterpretations of the term implied that philological, juridical, and Ṣūfī tafsīr could not be categorized as al-tafsīr bi-l-raʾy , thereby narrowing the meaning of this concept and broadening the scope of legitimate exegesis and interpretative authorities in Sunnī tafsīr tradition.

October 11, 2022

Zinā and Gender (In)Equality in Ismāʿīlī Druze Law

Wissam H. Halawi

Page range: 514-551

Abstract

In the 5th/11th century in Cairo, Imam Ḥamza, the founder of the Druze faith, abrogated the entire substantive laws, including the Islamic one. And yet, four centuries later, Druze jurists in the mountainous regions of Syria developed their own legal doctrine. This essay explores the evolution of Druzism from an esoteric doctrine according to the Ismāʿīlī vision to a madhhab (doctrinal school of law) using the prism of gender (in)equality. Through a close reading of the Imam’s epistles in the Ḥikma (i.e., the Druze canon of scripture) and Druze law treatises from the 9th/15th century, I show how premodern Druze jurists were influenced particularly by Shāfiʿī and Mālikī law. Although they remained faithful to the strict gender equality articulated in their sacred book, Druze jurists established a gender hierarchy in marriage and permitted wife beating based on Q 4:34. They however expounded an original doctrine of zinā (adultery): despite their construction of femininity as inferior and irrational, and their assumption of women’s intellectual deficiency, Druze jurists considered nonconsensual marriage as well as nonconsensual sex in marriage to be crimes of zinā . I argue that Druze jurists developed rules that enforced sexual equality but simultaneously conformed to their patriarchal vision of society to maintain the social cohesion of their religious community, clans, and extended families, all of which provided local networks for informal conflict resolution.

October 11, 2022

The Conquests of Adrianople by the Turks: Reflections on the Ottoman Expansion in Thrace

Samet Budak

Page range: 552-583

Abstract

This article is an attempt to construct a new approach to and narrative of early Ottoman conquests in Thrace in the 1360s and 1370s. It argues that the so-called second capital of the Ottomans, Adrianople (Edirne), was conquered three times through a detailed evaluation of known, neglected, or unknow sources. The second conquest was almost certainly by frontier lords who conquered the city for their own interests. At the same time, the article challenges the unilinear rise paradigm within the Ottoman studies. It showcases that, in the given period, the political arena between Ottomans, Byzantines, and other Turkish lords was open to various contingencies and dominated through constant negotiations among various parties. The practices of conquest, loss, and reconquest by those various parties determined the color of struggles not only in the case of Adrianople but also various other Thracian towns. The article finally sheds light on the role of a suppressed group of frontier lords who had their own political claims and agenda, betimes contrary to the Ottoman center. In the final analysis, this is an attempt to understand how new historical reconstructions may open up ways to conceptualize the political and social nature of the region in this period.

Reviews

October 11, 2022

Bibliography “Arabic Papyrology and Documentary Studies on the Mediterranean and the Islamicate World”

New Publications 2022 and Addenda 2020–2021

Andreas Kaplony

Page range: 584-595

October 11, 2022

Angelika Brodersen, Zwischen Māturīdīya und Ašʿarīya. Abū Šakūr as-Sālimī und sein Tamhīd fī bayān at-tauḥīd, Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2018, 107 S. deutsch, 400 S. arabisch, (Islamic Theory and Thought 14), ISBN 978-1-4632-3941-1.

Frank Griffel

Page range: 595-597

October 11, 2022

Stephen Frederic Dale, The Orange Trees of Marrakesh. Ibn Khaldun and the Science of Man, Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, 2015, xv + 383 pp., ISBN 978-0-674-96765-6.

Frank Griffel

Page range: 598-602

October 11, 2022

Gottfried Hagen and Robert Dankoff, eds., An Ottoman Cosmography: Translation of Cihānnümā by Kātib Çelebi. Translated by Ferenc Csirkés, John Curry, and Gary Leiser. Handbook of Oriental Studies, volume 142. Leiden: Brill, 2022. Pp. xiv + 694, 46 plates and 98 figures, ISBN: 978-9004441323.

Zayde Antrim

Page range: 602-605

October 11, 2022

Alfred Hiatt, ed., Cartography between Christian Europe and the Arabic-Islamic World, 1100–1500: Divergent Traditions, Leiden: Brill, 2021, xiv + 235 pp., 45 color figures, ISBN: 978-9004444911.

Zayde Antrim

Page range: 605-608

October 11, 2022

Douglas A. Howard, Das Osmanische Reich 1300–1924. Darmstadt: Theis, 2018, 480 S., zahlr. Karten und Abbildungen. ISBN 978-3-8062-3703-0.

Gisela Procházka-Eisl

Page range: 609-611

October 11, 2022

Nimrod Hurvitz, Christian C. Sahner, Uriel Simonsohn and Luke Yarbrough, eds., Conversion to Islam in the Premodern Age: A Sourcebook, Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2020, xxi + 355 pp. (including timelines, maps and indices), ISBN: 978-0-520-29673-2.

Harry Munt

Page range: 612-615

October 11, 2022

Andreas Kaplony and Daniel Potthast, eds., From Qom to Barcelona. Aramaic, South Arabian, Coptic, Arabic and Judeo-Arabic Documents. Edited by, Leiden/Boston: Brill 2021, XIX + 227 p. + 37 Abb., Islamic History and Civilization, Studies and Texts 178. ISBN 978-90-04-44384-6.

Reinhard Weipert

Page range: 616-617

Open Access October 11, 2022

Christopher Melchert, Before Sufism: Early Islamic Renunciant Piety. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020, 240 pages, ISBN hardcover: 9783110616514, ISBN e-book: 9783110617962.

Pieter Coppens

Page range: 618-623

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October 11, 2022

Robert Mihajlovski, The Religious and Cultural Landscape of Ottoman Manastır. Handbook of Oriental Studies, Handbuch der Orientalistik, Section One: The Near and Middle East, vol. 153, Brill: Leiden/Boston, 2021, 309 Seiten, ISBN 978-90-04-46525-1 (hardback).

Michael Ursinus

Page range: 623-626

Open Access October 11, 2022

Amir Theilhaber, Friedrich Rosen. Orientalist Scholarship and International Politics, München: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2020, 627 pp., ISBN 978-3-11-063925-4 (hardback).

Dietrich Jung

Page range: 626-631

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Volume 99 (2022)

Volume 98 (2021)

Volume 97 (2020)

Volume 96 (2019)

Volume 95 (2018)

Volume 94 (2017)

Volume 93 (2016)

Volume 92 (2015)

Volume 91 (2014)

Volume 90 (2013)

Volume 89 (2012)

Issue 1-2

Volume 88 (2012)

Volume 87 (2012)

Issue 1-2

Volume 86 (2011)

Volume 85 (2011)

Volume 84 (2008)

Volume 83 (2008)

Volume 82 (2005)

Volume 81 (2004)

Volume 80 (2003)

Volume 79 (2002)

Volume 78 (2001)

Volume 77 (2000)

Issue 1

Volume 76 (1999)

Volume 75 (1998)

Volume 74 (1997)

Issue 2

Volume 73 (1996)

Volume 72 (1995)

Volume 71 (1994)

Volume 70 (1993)

Volume 69 (1992)

Volume 68 (1991)

Volume 67 (1990)

Volume 66 (1989)

Volume 65 (1988)

Volume 64 (1987)

Volume 63 (1986)

Volume 62 (1985)

Volume 61 (1984)

Volume 60 (1983)

Volume 59 (1982)

Volume 58 (1981)

Volume 57 (1980)

Volume 56 (1979)

Volume 55 (1978)

Volume 54 (1977)

Volume 53 (1976)

Volume 52 (1975)

Volume 51 (1974)

Volume 50 (1973)

Volume 49 (1972)

Volume 48 (1971)

Volume 47 (1971)

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Volume 46 (1970)

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Volume 45 (1969)

Volume 44 (1968)

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Volume 43 (1967)

Issue 1-2

Volume 42 (1966)

Volume 36 (1961)

Volume 35 (1960)

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Volume 34 (1959)

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Volume 33 (1958)

Volume 32 (1957)

Volume 31 (1954)

Volume 30 (1952)

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Volume 29 (1950)

Volume 28 (1948)

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Volume 27 (1946)

Issue 1-3

Volume 26 (1942)

Volume 25 (1938)

Volume 24 (1937)

Volume 23 (1936)

Volume 22 (1935)

Volume 21 (1933)

Volume 20 (1932)

Volume 19 (1930)

Volume 18 (1929)

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Volume 17 (1928)

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Volume 16 (1927)

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Volume 15 (1926)

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Volume 14 (1925)

Volume 13 (1923)

Volume 12 (1922)

Volume 11 (1921)

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Volume 10 (1920)

Issue 3-4

Volume 8 (1918)

Volume 9 (1918)

Issue 1

Volume 7 (1916)

Volume 6 (1915)

Volume 5 (1914)

Volume 4 (1913)

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Volume 3 (1912)

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Volume 2 (1911)

Issue Jahresband

Volume 1 (1910)

Cite Score	0.5
European Reference Index for the Humanities
Journal Citation Indicator	0.60
SCImago Journal Rank	0.125
Source Normalized Impact per Paper	1.259

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Please send all manuscripts, correspondence, and review copies directly to the editorial office. The editors request that manuscripts for publication in 'Der Islam' only be sent to the editorial office after an agreement in writing has been reached with the editor. All other correspondence (business, requests, and orders) should be sent to the publisher. The responsibility for contributions rests solely with the authors.

Editorial

Founded By

Carl Heinrich Becker

Editor in Chief

Stefan Heidemann, Hamburg

Editors

Gottfried Hagen, Ann Arbor (MI)
Andreas Kaplony, München

Rudi Matthee, Newark (DE)

Kristina L. Richardson, New York

Editorial Office

Universität Hamburg
Asien-Afrika-Institut
Redaktion „Der Islam“
Edmund-Siemers-Allee 1 - Ost
20146 Hamburg
Germany
phone: +49 (0)40 428 38-56 91
fax: +49 (0)40 428 38-56 74
email: Der_Islam.aai@uni-hamburg.de

Review Editor and Editorial Manager:

Amke Dietert

Editorial Advisory Board

Frédéric Bauden, Université de Liège
Thomas Bauer, University of Münster
Michael Cook, Princeton University
Suraiya Faroqhi, Istanbul Bilgi University
Maribel Fierro, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
Nelly Hanna, The American University in Cairo
Benjamin Jokisch, University of Hamburg
Benjamin Kedar, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Geoffrey Khan, Cambridge University
Alastair Northedge, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
Jürgen Paul, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
Christian Robin, Centre national de la recherche scientifique
Mansour Sefatgol, University of Tehran
Florian Schwarz, Austrian Academy of Sciences
Maya Shatzmiller, University of Western Ontario

(Deutsch)

Online ISSN: 1613-0928
Print ISSN: 0021-1818
Type: Journal
Languages: German, English, French
Publisher: De Gruyter
First published: January 1, 1910
Publication Frequency: 2 Issues per Year
Keywords: Islamic World/History; Islamic World/Culture