journal: Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management

Impact Factor: 0.581

Published since January 1, 2004

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management

ISSN: 1547-7355

Edited by: James Ramsay

Managing Editor: Sibel McGee

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About this journal

Call for papers!

SPECIAL ISSUE on "Cross-Border and Transboundary Resilience"

Co-Guest Editors: Anouck Adrot, Monika Buscher, Frank Fiedrich, Eric Rigaud and Marcus Wiens

find out more here.

About the Journal
Created in 2004, the Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (JHSEM) is an online journal that publishes original, innovative, and timely articles describing and assessing research and practice in the fields of homeland security and emergency management. JHSEM publishes not only peer-reviewed articles but also opinion, news/communiqués, and book/media reviews. Its electronic format allows us to leverage communication technologies in order to accumulate and disseminate the latest knowledge on a broad range of related topics in a timely and inexpensive manner.

Mission
JHSEM promotes a comprehensive and dynamic perspective, providing readers with up-to-date information regarding the evolving nature of the homeland security and emergency management fields. Recognizing the inherent links between these two fields, the journal aims to serve as a bridge between them, encouraging exploration of their underlying relationships, interactions, and synergies.

JHSEM’s mission is propelled by the conviction that in fields that share significant operational elements, such as homeland security and emergency management, both researchers’ and practitioners’ insights are needed for success; in isolation, their perspectives can offer only partial views of the reality. Accordingly, JHSEM also aims to serve as a bridge between the researcher and practitioner communities, facilitating the kind of collaboration and coordination that enables them to appreciate and benefit from the associated implications and inherent connections in their fields. It is only from the intersection of these two perspectives and the interchange of ideas that the most compelling knowledge, novel insights, and best practices can emerge.

A critical part of JHSEM’s mission is to enrich the perspectives of researchers and practitioners in the homeland security and emergency management fields so that they are better able to address the increasingly complex issues before them. To this end, JHSEM encourages an interdisciplinary approach that reflects the expanding boundaries of these two disciplines by including such content as public health, cyber security, and environmental policy.

Among JHSEM’s key objectives are to

• Meet the need for peer-reviewed, high-quality, wide-ranging professional articles in the fields of homeland security and emergency management
• Augment the work of the existing professional societies and single-discipline publications in these fields
• Follow developments in the two fields and offer new information and analysis as they become available
• Serve the needs of both the academic and practitioner communities by providing a high-quality platform for information sharing, collaboration, and exchange of ideas in an efficient and economical way.

Your Benefits

The Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management is proud to announce the new Editor’s Choice free access article feature. To download the featured article free of charge, please click the link below.

Vol. 15, Iss. 3: Development of Competency-Based Education Standards for Homeland Security Academic Programs by James D. Ramsay and Irmak Renda-Tanali

Vol. 15, Iss. 2: Who Will Stay, Who Will Leave: Decision-Making of Residents Living in Potential Hurricane Impact Areas During a Hypothetical Hurricane Event in the Rio Grande Valley by Dean Kyne, Arlett Sophia Lomeli, William Donner, and Erika Zuloaga

Vol. 15, Iss. 1: Social Media and Crisis Communications: A Survey of Local Governments in Florida by Stephen R. Neely and Matthew Collins

Vol. 14, Iss. 4: Identifying Constraints to Increase the Resilience of Cities: A Case Study of the City of Porto Alegre by Gustavo da Silva Stefano, Daniel Pacheco Lacerda, Douglas Rafael Veit, and Luis Henrique Pantaleao

Vol. 14, Iss. 3: The National Capabilities for Animal Response in Emergencies (NCARE) Study: An Assessment of US States and Counties by C. Victor Spain, R.C. Green, Lacie Davis, Gregory S. Miller, and Susan Britt

Vol. 14, Iss. 2: Twenty Challenges in Incident Planning by Georgios Marios Karagiannis and Costas Synolakis

Vol. 14, Iss. 1: Reasons for Volunteering in the Field of Civil Protection in Germany by Doris Kehl, Diana Kietzmann, and Silke Schmidt

Vol. 13, Iss. 4: Young Adults' Security Perceptions: Troubling, but an Opportunity for the Response Field by Karla Vermeulen

Vol. 13, Iss. 3: A Systems-Of-Systems Conceptual Model and Live Virtual Constructive Simulation Framework for Improved Nuclear Disaster Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Mitigation by Matthew Davis, Michael Proctor, and Buder Shageer

Vol. 13, Iss. 2: Comprehensive Homeland Security: Developing a Domestic Protection Force for the United States by Kyle R. Brady

Vol. 13, Iss. 1: Deliberative Risk Ranking to Inform Homeland Security Strategic Planning by Russell Lundberg and Henry H. Willis

Vol.12, Iss. 4: Reflections on 40 Years in the Hazards and Disasters Community by Claire B. Rubin

Abstracting and Indexing

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Supplementary Materials

Topics

External Links

Online Submission of Manuscripts

Volume 20 Issue 1

January 2023

Publicly Available February 3, 2023

Frontmatter

Page range: i-ii

Download PDF

Research Articles

Publicly Available October 17, 2022

The Power of Governments in Fight Against COVID-19: High-Performing Health Systems or Government Response Policies?

Gorkem Sariyer, Mert Erkan Sozen, Mustafa Gokalp Ataman

Page range: 1-18

More Download PDF

Abstract

Due to the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 disease, there have been tremendous efforts worldwide to keep the spread of the virus under control and protect the functioning of health systems. Although governments take many actions in fighting this pandemic, it is well known that health systems play an undeniable role in this fight. This study aimed to investigate the role of health systems and government responses in fighting COVID-19. By purposively sampling Finland, Denmark, the UK, and Italy and analyzing their health systems’ performances, governments’ stringency indexes, and COVID-19 spread variables, this study showed that high-performing health systems were the main power of states in managing pandemic environments. This study also measured relations between short and medium-term measures and COVID-19 case and death numbers in all study countries. It showed that medium-term measures had significant effects on death numbers.

December 6, 2022

Defining Fire as a Weapon (FaaW): Clarity, Implications, and Opportunity for the Homeland Security Enterprise

Michael Marino

Page range: 19-58

Abstract

Fire as a weapon (FaaW) is discussed within the first responder community but still vaguely defined. This ambiguity, coupled with absent reporting mechanisms, leads to an inability to estimate the size of the problem correctly. This research offers a comprehensive definition of FaaW and argues for its inclusion as a high-threat response. It evaluates fire as a weapon as a homeland security issue requiring additional attention and leadership by offering new data and analysis that demonstrates the severity of the problem, especially compared to other high-threat events such as active shooter incidents. It clarifies which incident types should receive the most focus and argues for strategic shifts in how we currently perceive this threat. It also elucidates the potential to apply established national standards and tactics for active shooter response to fire as a weapon mitigation strategy.

Ahead of Print / Just Accepted

Ahead of Print / Just Accepted

Volume 20 (2023)

Issue 1

Volume 19 (2022)

Volume 18 (2021)

Volume 17 (2020)

Volume 16 (2019)

Volume 15 (2018)

Volume 14 (2017)

Volume 13 (2016)

Volume 12 (2015)

Volume 11 (2014)

Volume 10 (2013)

Volume 9 (2012)

Volume 8 (2011)

Volume 4 (2007)

Volume 3 (2006)

Volume 2 (2005)

Volume 1 (2004)

5-year Impact Factor	0.839
Cite Score	4.9
European Reference Index for the Humanities
Impact Factor	0.581
Journal Citation Indicator	0.30
SCImago Journal Rank	0.500
Source Normalized Impact per Paper	1.121

Submit

JHSEM publishes both peer-reviewed research articles and non-peer-reviewed submissions such as news/communiqués, opinion, and book/media reviews, as explained in detail below. Content comes from a broad array of scholars and practitioners in many fields, including engineering, political science, decision science, risk management, health and medicine, emergency management, and homeland security.

Research articles: A research article presents an original thesis and reports results that are based on an empirical method of evaluation. JHSEM does not consider the review of existing research and findings by other authors to be a research article unless it is done in a methodical and systematic manner to reveal new theoretical/practical insights and conclusions. Research articles go through the peer-review process but are not copyedited by the journal.
News/communiqué: News/communiqué is a short submission that provides a statement or review of a recent development or offers information that pertains to the fields of homeland security and emergency management. Examples of news/communiqué include notice of a new type of research or a new degree program, an example of collaboration, a review of or conclusions from a conference, or communication of a recent critical development that is important to students and practitioners of homeland security and emergency management. Such submissions do not offer opinion or provide evaluations; they just state the development without commentary. News/communiqué manuscripts do not go through the peer-review process but are copyedited by the journal in coordination with the submitting author.
Opinion: Opinion articles reflect the submitting author’s evaluation of and commentary on a topic that is of interest to students and practitioners of homeland security and emergency management. Opinion submissions do not go through the peer-review process but are copyedited by the journal in coordination with the submitting author.
Opinion articles should be within 2500-word limit and with 10 double spaced pages.
Book/media review: Book/media review submissions review a recent publication and provide critical evaluation of its content. Book/media reviews do not go through the peer-review process but are copyedited by the journal in coordination with the submitting author.

Manuscript Preparation Guidelines

This document provides authors with details on policy, copyediting, formatting, and layout requirements pertaining to final manuscript submission to this journal. All manuscripts must have correct formatting to be considered ready for publication.

The entire manuscript submission and review process is handled through an online system named ScholarOne. All manuscripts should be submitted to http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/dgjhsem

EDITORIAL POLICY

Unpublished material: Submission of a manuscript implies that the work described is not copyrighted, published or submitted elsewhere, except in abstract form. The corresponding author should ensure that all authors approve the manuscript before its submission.

Copyright: Manuscripts are accepted on condition of transfer of copyright (for U.S. government employees: to the extent transferable) to Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management. Once the manuscript is accepted, it may not be published elsewhere without the consent of the copyright holders.

COPYEDITING/LANGUAGE EDITING

The ScholarOne system has been designed to improve the scholarly publication process for authors. Among the many improvements we offer over traditional journals, the most significant is that we have dramatically shortened the period between the initial submission and the final publication of a peer-reviewed article. Much of this time savings is due to the innovative use of electronic publication. These innovations, however, require certain changes in the way authors need to prepare accepted manuscripts for electronic publication.

De Gruyter does provide a light copyedit of manuscripts for this journal, but authors remain responsible for being their own copyeditors.

LANGUAGE EDITING

All manuscripts must be written in clear and concise English. If you have reasons to doubt your proficiency with respect to spelling, grammar, etc. (e.g., because English is not your native language), then you may wish to employ—at your expense—the services of a professional language editor.

Please get in touch with the Language Editors directly to discuss details.

Alexandra Griswold
dralex321@gmail.com
Areas of expertise: public policy, political science, education, economics, social sciences, humanities, ethics
Cyndy Brown
browncyndy@yahoo.com
Areas of expertise: political science, social sciences, humanities, ethics
Donna Reeder
Reeder Literary Services
Areas of expertise: political science, economics, mathematical economics, natural sciences, social sciences, technology, law, humanities, liberal arts, literary studies, health and medicine
Jane Cotnoir
jane.cotnoir@gmail.com
Areas of expertise: Local government management, international crime and terrorism, emergency/disaster management, humanities, social science

CONTENT and STRUCTURE

Manuscripts should be submitted as Word, docx, or rtf.
If your manuscript contains special characters, equations, etc. please make sure to also supply a PDF version as a reference file. This will be used to ensure any formatting issues introduced during the submission process can be corrected accurately.
Write your article in English.
Do not include a title page or abstract. (Begin the document with the introduction. The title page and abstract will be added to your paper by the ScholarOne system.
Do not include page numbers, headers, or footers. (The ScholarOne system will add the appropriate header with page numbers).
Do not identify author names in the actual text of your manuscript; all such information is discarded when we receive your submission. To add or edit co-authors, you must use the "revise submission" form.
Make sure all author and co-author information is complete. Click on "Preview submission" to make sure that all your co-authors' names and affiliations appear correctly.
Do not include acknowledgments in your manuscript. Instead, enter acknowledgments in the coverpage footnote section on the "revise submission" form, so that they may be incorporated into the title page produced for publication.
Submit your manuscript, including tables, figures, appendices, etc., as a single file (Word, .docx, or RTF, files are accepted).
Use the following document structure:
1. Introduction (titling this section is optional).
2. Subsequent sections which include tables, references to figures and figure captions.
3. Conclusion, discussion of findings, or implications section.
4. Appendices, no longer than five pages in total.
5. Explanation of symbols mentioned in the text.
6. References - Include a proper bibliography following the guidelines in the References section below.
7. Please supply figures in separate files, as well as either in-text or pasted at the end of the document. Please see the "Tables, Figures, and Graphs" section below for more detailed instructions regarding figure submission.
BOOK REVIEWS
Book reviews must start with the citation of the book at the top of the first page.

FONTS

We cannot accept Type3 fonts. The following is a brief guide to fonts with respect to layout.

Font:
- Main Body—12 pt. Times or the closest comparable font available.
- Equations—12 pt. Times or the closest comparable font available.
- Footnotes—10 pt. Times or the closest comparabe font available.
- Tables, graphs & figures—Text accompanying graphs, figures and tables should be no smaller than 8 pt.

FONT FACES

Use Times or the closest comparable font available, except, possibly, where special symbols are needed. If you desire a second font, for instance for headings, use a sans serif font (e.g., Arial or Computer Modern Sans Serif).

COLORED TEXT

Set the font color to black for the majority of the text. De Gruyter encourages authors to take advantage of the ability to use color in the production of figures, maps, images, and graphs. However, you need to appreciate that this will cause some of your readers problems when they print the document on a black and white printer. For this reason, you are advised to avoid the use of colors in situations where their translation to black and white would render the material illegible or incomprehensible.

EMPHASIZED TEXT, TITLES, and FOREIGN TERMS

To indicate text you wish to emphasize, use italics rather than underlining. The use of color to emphasize text is discouraged.
Foreign terms should be set in italics rather than underlined. Unless they are widely known, these terms should be defined in a footnote.
Titles of books, movies, etc., should be set in italics rather than underlined.

Abbreviations

The use of abbreviations and acronyms is permitted provided they are defined the first time they are used in a given section.

HEADINGS

Headings (e.g., title of sections) should be distinguished from the main body text:

Clearly indicate the heading hierarchy using the numbering system of 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, etc.
Be consistent in whether or not you use headline case, or you capitalize the first word and leave the rest in lower-case.

FOOTNOTES

Footnotes must appear at the bottom of the page on which they are referenced rather than at the end of the paper.
Excessively long footnotes are better handled in an appendix.

TABLES, FIGURES & GRAPHS

General requirements: All illustrations must be of reproduction-ready quality and in EPS, TIF, or JPG format. They will be reduced in size to fit, whenever possible, the width of a single column. Lettering of all figures within the article should be uniform in style (preferably a sans serif typeface like Helvetica) and of sufficient size (ca. 8 pt.).Uppercase letters A, B, C, etc. should be used to identify parts of multi-part figures. Cite all figures in the text in numerical order. Indicate the approximate placement of each figure. For review purposes, please place figures in-text or past the at the end of the document. However, you must submit figures in separate files, as well. Only figures (graphs, line drawings, photographs, etc) should be labeled as ‘figures’, not tables or equations.

Halftone figures (grayscale and color) should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi and be of good contrast. Authors are welcome to submit color illustrations. Online publication of color figures will be free of charge. To partially offset the cost of production, color figures will be printed with the following charges to the author: € 250.00 for the first illustration and € 200.00 for each subsequent illustration in one article.

Line drawings must be of reproduction-ready quality. Please note that faint shading may be lost upon reproduction. When drawing bar graphs, use patterning instead of gray scales. Lettering of all figures should be uniform in style. A resolution of 1200 dpi is recommended.
Figure legends: Provide a short descriptive title and a legend to make each figure self-explanatory on separate pages. Explain all symbols used in the figures. Remember to use the same abbreviations as in the text body.
Permissions: It is the authors’ responsibility to obtain permission to reproduce original or modified material that has been previously published. Any permissions fees are the responsibility of the author(s).
Offprints: The electronic files of typeset articles in Adobe Acrobat PDF format are provided free of charge; corresponding authors receive notification that their article has been published online. Paper offprints can be ordered in addition; an offprint order form will accompany the page proofs and should be completed and returned with the corrected proofs immediately.
Please do not embed figures in the text. Instead, they should be referenced in the text and submitted in separate files.
Number tables consecutively using Arabic numerals. Tables should appear in the document near where they are referenced in the text. Provide a short descriptive title, column headings, and (if necessary) footnotes to make each table self-explanatory. Refer to tables in the text as Table 1, 2 etc. Use Table 1, etc. in the table legends.
Tables must not be displayed as images.

MATHEMATICS and EQUATIONS

Roman letters used in mathematical expressions as variables must be italicized. Roman letters used as part of multi-letter function names should not be italicized. Subscripts and superscripts must be a smaller font size than the main text.
Type short mathematical expressions inline.
Longer expressions must appear as display mth, as must expressions using many different levels (e.g., such as fractions).
Ensure that Equations are typed or created with a plug-in, such as Word Formula Editor or MathType. Mathematical expressions must not be displayed as images.
Important definitions or concepts can also be set off as display math.
Number your equations sequentially.
Insert a blank line before and after each equation.
Whether equation numbers are on the right or left is the choice of the author(s). However, make sure to be consistent in this.
When proofing your document, pay particular attention to the rendering of the mathematics, especially symbols and notation drawn from other-than-standard fonts.

REFERENCES

It is the author's obligation to provide complete references with the necessary information.

All citations in text should be listed in references section with full bibliographic information.
Use Chicago Manual Author-Date system. Follow the instructions at: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html

Editorial

Editor
James Ramsay, Ph.D., MA, FASSP
Professor of Security Studies
Head of Department – Security Studies & Criminology
Macquarie University
james.ramsay@mq.edu.au

Managing Editor
Sibel McGee, Ph.D., Managing Editor,
Distinguished Analyst, Analytic Services, Inc.
sibelmcgee@msn.com

Past Editor:
Dr Irmak Renda-Tanali
Senior Disaster Management Specialist, PDC Global

Founding Editor:
Claire Rubin
Claire B. Rubin & Associates

Assistant Managing Editors

Eric Best, Ph.D., Assistant Managing Editor,
Assistant Professor of Homeland Security and Public Policy
School of Public Affairs
Penn State Harrisburg
ericbest@psu.edu

Lucien G. Canton, CEM, MBA., Assistant Managing Editor,
Principal, Lucien G. Canton, CEM, LLC,
San Francisco, CA;
Director of Emergency Services (ret.), City and County of San Francisco
lcanton@pacbell.net

Claire Connolly Knox, Ph.D., Assistant Managing Editor,
Associate Professor – School of Public Administration
University of Central Florida
Claire.Knox@ucf.edu

Tanya B. Corbin, Ph.D., Department Chair,
Security and Emergency Services, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide
1 Aerospace Boulevard
Daytona Beach, FL 32114
corbint2@erau.edu

Caroline Hackerott, PhD., Assistant Managing Editor,
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Emergency Management and Disaster Science
North Dakota State University
Caroline.hackerott@ndsu.edu

Mark Landahl, Ph.D., CEM
Adjunct Professor
Homeland Security, Intelligence, & Emergency Management
University of Maryland Global Campus
Mark.Landahl@faculty.umgc.edu

Romeo B. Lavarias, FPEM, CEM, DPA, MHSD, MPA, MURP., Assistant Managing Editor,
Emergency Manager, Fire-Rescue Department
City of Miramar, FL
rblavarias@miramarfd.org

Editorial Board

Ernest Abbott, J.D.
FEMA Law Associates, PLLC
Washington, D.C.

Nicholas V. Cagliuso, Sr., PhD, MPH
Assistant Vice President, Emergency Management, New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation
New York, NY

Beverly A. Cigler, Ph. D.
Professor of Public Policy and Administration
School of Public Affairs, Penn State Harrisburg
Middletown, PA

Louise Comfort, Ph.D.
Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, Univ. of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA

Susan L. Cutter, Ph.D.
Carolina Distinguished Professor and Director of Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute
Department of Geography, University of South Carolina
Columbia, SC

Bruce DeGrazia, J.D.
University of Maryland Global Campus
Largo, MD

Frank Fiedrich, Dr. Ing.
Professor of Public Safety and Emergency Management
Dept. of Safety Engineering, Wuppertal University
Germany

Joseph Green, Ph.D.
Director of Applied Science/Science Advisor
Pacific Disaster Center
Maui, HI

Erin Hughey, Ph.D.
Director of Global Operations
Pacific Disaster Center
Maui, HI

Michael J. Hopmeier, M.S.
President, Unconventional Concepts, Inc.
Arlington, VA

Robert McCreight, Ph.D.
Adjunct Professor, George Mason University
Fairfax, VA

Kathryn Newcomer, Ph.D.
Associate Director, and PHD Program Director
Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, The George Washington University
Washington, D.C.

Lynda Peters, J.D.
Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Naval Postgraduate School
Monterey, CA

Linda Plotnick, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Computer Information Systems
Jacksonville State University
Jacksonville, AL

Laura J. Steinberg, Ph.D.,
Dean, LCS College of Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University
Syracuse, NY

Richard Sylves, Ph.D.
Professor of Political Science and International Relations
Dept. of Political Science and International Relations, Univ. of Delaware
Newark, DE

(Deutsch)

Online ISSN: 1547-7355
Type: Journal
Language: English
Publisher: De Gruyter
First published: January 1, 2004
Publication Frequency: 3 Issues per Year
Audience: Researchers, practitioners, and public safety officials involved with homeland security concerns, natural or human-induced disasters, and crisis preparedness and response.