Journal of Translational Internal Medicine

Open Access Published by De Gruyter Open Access

Volume 4 Issue 2 - Special Issue Title: A special issue on endocrine and metabolic disease (Guest Editor: Yiming Mu)

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Contents
Journal Overview

Editorial

Open Access July 7, 2016

A rose by any name surely does smell just as sweetly: The controversy over revised nomenclature for encapsulated follicular variant papillary carcinoma

Leonard Wartofsky

Page range: 55-57

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Highlight

Open Access July 7, 2016

Festina Lente and the “Crab and the butterfly”

Douglas Van Nostrand

Page range: 58-60

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Perspective

Open Access July 7, 2016

Graves’ disease syndrome: a need for unified therapy

Rebecca S. Bahn

Page range: 61-63

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Perspective

Open Access July 7, 2016

The role of professionalism in clinical practice, medical education, biomedical research and health care administration

Michael D. Brennan

Page range: 64-65

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Review Article

Open Access July 7, 2016

Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome

Undurti N. Das

Page range: 66-72

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Abstract

Obesity and its consequent complications such as hypertension and metabolic syndrome are increasing in incidence in almost all countries. Insulin resistance is common in obesity. Renin– angiotensin system (RAS) is an important target in the treatment of hypertension and drugs that act on RAS improve insulin resistance and decrease the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, explaining the close association between hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. RAS influences food intake by modulating the hypothalamic expression of neuropeptide Y and orexins via AMPK dephosphorylation. Estrogen reduces appetite by its action on the brain in a way similar to leptin, an anorexigenic action that seems to be mediated via hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus and synaptic plasticity in the arcuate nucleus similar to leptin. Estrogen stimulates lipoxin A 4 , a potent vasodilator and platelet anti-aggregator. Since both RAS and estrogen act on the hypothalamic neuropeptides and regulate food intake and obesity, it is likely that RAS modulates LXA 4 synthesis. Thus, it is proposed that Angiotensin-II receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzymes and angiotensin-II antagonists may have the ability to augment LXA 4 synthesis and thus bring about their beneficial actions.

Review Article

Open Access July 7, 2016

Obesity diabetes and the role of bile acids in metabolism

Gerald H. Tomkin, Daphne Owens

Page range: 73-80

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Abstract

Bile acids have many activities over and above their primary function in aiding absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol, and thus are involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) production in the distal small bowel and colon, stimulating insulin secretion, and therefore, are involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Bile acids through their insulin sensitising effect play a part in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Bile acid metabolism is altered in obesity and diabetes. Both dietary restriction and weight loss due to bariatric surgery, alter the lipid carbohydrate and bile acid metabolism. Recent research suggests that the forkhead transcription factor FOXO is a central regulator of bile, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism, but conflicting studies mean that our understanding of the complexity is not yet complete.

Original Article

Open Access July 7, 2016

Decreased regional left ventricular myocardial strain in type 1 diabetic children: a first sign of diabetic cardiomyopathy?

Amir Hodzic, Virginie Ribault, Pascale Maragnes, Paul Milliez, Eric Saloux, Fabien Labombarda

Page range: 81-87

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Abstract

Background and Objectives Type 1 diabetes is a major cardiovascular risk factor associated with an excess of mortality in young adults due to premature cardiovascular events, which includes heart failure. The relation between type 1 diabetes and cardiac structure and function in children was poorly documented. Our study investigates (1) whether type 1 diabetic children have echocardiographic signs of subclinical cardiac dysfunction assessed by tissue Doppler strain and (2) whether state of metabolic control and diabetes duration have any influence on the cardiac event. Methods Standard echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging were prospectively performed in type 1 diabetic children. Left ventricular dimensions, standard indices of systolic and diastolic function, and septal longitudinal strain were investigated. Results Thirty consecutive asymptomatic diabetic children (age: 12.4 [5–17] years; males: 53%) were compared to 30 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Left ventricular mass index and diastolic septal thickness were significantly increased in diabetic children. There was no difference between two groups as regards the left ventricular ejection fraction and conventional mitral Doppler parameters (E, A, Ea). The global longitudinal systolic strain and strain rate were found to be decreased in children with diabetes. The global longitudinal early diastolic strain rate (Esr) was negatively correlated with metabolic control. Longitudinal strain was not correlated with diabetes duration. Conclusion Children with Type 1 diabetes had subclinical alterations in left ventricular size and longitudinal myocardial deformation.

Original Article

Open Access July 7, 2016

Prevention of diabetes in Bangladeshis in East London: experiences and views of young people

Shamsur R. Choudhury, Amelia Furbish, Tahseen A. Chowdhury

Page range: 88-93

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Abstract

Background and Objectives Type 2 diabetes is common amongst Bangladeshis, and prevention strategies are needed. Little is known about the views of younger people concerning diabetes prevention and the risk factors. We aimed to explore the experience and views on the prevention of diabetes amongst young Bangladeshis in Tower Hamlets. Methods Semistructured interviews involving 40 young Bangladeshis. Results Participants were aware of diabetes being a major health issue and its link with poor diet. Many had a relative with diabetes, and some had negative experiences, such as suffering poor control, complications, or hypoglycemia. Knowledge of diabetes was predominantly gleaned from school. Many felt that older generations were at higher risk due to lack of exercise and reliance on traditional diets. Participants recognized that the Westernized diets also increased the risk of diabetes. Views on prevention of diabetes were strong, including increasing diabetes awareness in schools, rewards for healthier lifestyles, reducing costs of exercise, reducing advertising of poorly nutritious foods, and tackling the proliferation of fast food outlets. Conclusions Young Bangladeshi people showed good knowledge of diabetes and its causes and have cogent ideas on its prevention. The views of young people should be considered when developing diabetes prevention strategies at the local and national level.

About this journal

Print ISSN 2450-131X
Online ISSN 2224-4018

Journal of Translational Internal Medicine (JTIM), launched in Dec 2013, is an open access journal publishing articles in all areas of translational internal medicine. The journal focuses on information derived from human disease-related experimentations so as to optimize the communication between basic scientific research and clinical science. It has a cycling nature, namely from basic research to clinical practice and then from clinical practice back to basic research.

Aims and Scope

Journal of Translational Internal Medicine (JTIM) is devoted to promoting science and practice in translational medicine and internal medicine in the world. To this end, JTIM publishes articles from all areas of internal medicine. The journal publishes original articles, rapid communications, editorials, reviews, highlights, perspective and other information closed relevant to translational medicine, internal medicine and related fields. Other types of articles include advanced experience, ideological highlights, and Q&A from scholars and scientists in related fields. JTIM will also launch Special Issues in rapid response to the newest development directions of scientific research fields.

JTIM has the ambition to and will become the EXCELLENT international platform for the publication of outstanding studies from all over the world. JTIM is designed to report research progress and the most recent findings in Translational Internal Medicine field, accelerating successful transformation from basic research results to clinically practical theories，diagnosis and treatment techniques, methodologies and drug discovery. With the aims of health care delivery and policy making, JTIM will help to best balance benefits, qualities and costs of medications. At JTIM, we have a challenging mission: to improve the quality of human life and enable people live longer by facilitating disease prevention, treatment and eventually the CURE.

Journal of Translational Internal Medicine is academically supported by:

International Society of Translational Sciences,
Infectious Diseases Society of China,
Chinese Hypertension Committee of Chinese Medical Doctors Association,
China Alliance of COPD, China RTI Optimal Treatment Committee,
Drug Clinical Assessment Committee of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.