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Open Medicine

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Open Medicine is a journal that provides free, instant, and continued access to all content worldwide. The journal's primary goal is to maintain the high quality of its published content with a strong focus on translational research. Its mission is to facilitate the exchange of ideas between biomedical researchers from different disciplines and countries. Papers connected to all fields of medicine and public health are welcomed. Open Medicine accepts submissions of research articles, reviews, case reports, letters to the editor and book reviews.

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Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Dental Medicine, Dermatology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Gynecology, Immunology, Internal Medicine, Otolaryngology, Nephrology, Neurology, Oncology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics, Pediatric and Neonatology, Public health, Surgery, and Urology.

Open Medicine also publishes original work in Medical Genetics, Molecular and Experimental Medicine. Early molecular explorations and implementation research of innovations with high technology readiness are brought together in the journal.

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Volume 18 Issue 1

January 2023

Research Articles

Open Access January 4, 2023

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing miR-210 inhibits neuronal inflammation and contribute to neurite outgrowth through modulating microglia polarization

Qing-hua Xiong, Lei Zhao, Guan-qun Wan, Yun-gang Hu, Xiao-lin Li

Article number: 20220618

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Abstract

Inflammatory responses play a critical role in the progress of neurodegenerative disorders. MSC-Exos is considered to have an anti-inflammatory effect on the treatment strategy for brain injury. However, the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of Exosomal miR-210 on microglia polarization-induced neuroinflammation and neurite outgrowth have not been reported. MSC-Exos were isolated by ultracentrifugation, identified by Nanosight NS300, transmission electron microscopy, and western bolt. In vitro , to explore the protective mechanism of MSC-Exos against neuroinflammation, the microglial BV2 cell was exposed to lipopolysaccharide to assess inflammatory changes. The intake of 1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil)-MSC-Exos into microglia was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that Exosomal miR-210 treatment significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Exosomal miR-210 treatment also increased the number of M2 microglia cells and inhibited M1 microglia polarization. In addition, western blot demonstrated that Exosomal miR-210 reduced neuronal apoptosis. Thus, Exosomal miR-210 attenuated neuronal inflammation and promoted neurite outgrowth. Exosomal miR-210 from MSCs attenuated neuronal inflammation and contributed to neurogenesis possibly by inhibiting microglial M1 polarization.

Open Access January 9, 2023

Current situation of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a county hospital chest pain center during an epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia

Abstract

It is predictable that the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone and kinin–kallikrein systems are dysregulated in COVID-19 (COV) patients because SARS-CoV-2 requires ACE2 to cause an infection. This study aimed to assess the serum levels of des-arg(9)-bradykinin (DABK) and angiotensin 1–7 (ang-(1–7)) in patients with COV who had the above-mentioned cardiovascular disease risk factors. In a cross-sectional study, 69 COV patients were selected among patients referred to the main referral center for these patients, in Kerman, Iran, and 73 matched control (non-COV) individuals among individuals who participated in the KERCARD cohort study. Serum levels of DABK and ang-(1–7) were measured by ELISA in the groups of CTL (healthy), HTN, DM, OB, COV, COV + HTN, COV + DM, and COV + OB. Ang-(1–7) levels were lower in the COV + HTN group compared to the HTN group. DABK levels were higher in the COV, HTN, and OB groups and in DM + COV subjects compared to their corresponding control group. The levels of ang-(1–7) and DABK were related to HTN and OB, respectively. According to the findings, we can infer that an increase in DABK production in those with the cardiovascular disease risk factors of diabetes, obesity, and hypertension or a decrease in ang-(1–7) in those with hypertension may contribute to the adverse outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Open Access July 4, 2023

Effect of maternal age and body mass index on induction of labor with oral misoprostol for premature rupture of membrane at term: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Abstract

To investigate whether there is an influence on the results of lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) under three different hip flexion angles (90°, 45°, 0° of hip flexion). We collected a total of 60 outpatients, including 44 females (56.4 ± 5.7 years) and 16 males (50.2 ± 13.7 years). The DXA results of the lumbar spine were scanned and analyzed in three different positions with hip flexion of 90°, 45°, and 0°. We found that there was no significant difference in the area of interest, bone mineral content, BMD, and vertebral body height of the lumbar vertebral body measured by DXA in three hip flexion positions of 90°, 45°, and 0°; Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that lumbar BMD in hip flexion 90° was correlated with it in hip flexion 45° ( r = 0.998, P ＜0.01) and in hip flexion 0° ( r = 0.996, P ＜0.01) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the diagnosis of BMD between 90° and 45° hip flexion ( P = 0.903), which was the same as 90° and 0° hip flexion ( P = 0.822). Therefore, we conclude that different hip flexion angles can be used in lumbar BMD detection by DXA, which is beneficial to patients who have difficulty in hip flexion, especially for elderly patients with osteoporosis.

Open Access September 12, 2023

Clinical analysis of AN69ST membrane continuous venous hemofiltration in the treatment of severe sepsis

Article number: 20230799

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Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors. It has been shown that the general anesthetic agents, propofol and astragaloside IV (AS-IV) both exert antitumor effects in NSCLC. However, the effects of the combination of propofol with AS-IV in NSCLC remain unclear. Cell counting kit-8, and EdU and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate NSCLC cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Cell apoptosis and autophagy were observed by flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL and LC3 staining, respectively. AS-IV notably enhanced the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-migratory properties of propofol in NSCLC cells. Moreover, AS-IV remarkably facilitated the anti-autophagy effect of propofol in NSCLC cells by downregulating LC3, Beclin 1, and ATG5. Significantly, the pro-apoptotic ability of the AS-IV/propofol combination in NSCLC cells was further enhanced by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, suggesting that autophagy plays a tumor-promoting role in NSCLC cells. Collectively, AS-IV could facilitate the antitumor abilities of propofol in NSCLC cells by inhibiting autophagy. These findings may be beneficial for future studies on the use of AS-IV and propofol for the treatment of NSCLC.

Saddle pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a rare type of pulmonary embolism that can lead to hemodynamic compromise causing sudden deaths. Due to a dearth of large prospective studies in this area, little is known regarding the epidemiology, and prognosis and factors affecting the latter for COVID-19-associated SPE. We aimed to describe COVID-19-associated SPE and quantify and compare mortality and factors affecting mortality among the cases. We included a total of 25 publications with a total of 35 cases. The average age was 45 ± 16.3 years with 11 females and 24 males. Dyspnoea (82.5%), orthopnoea (43.5%), and cough (43.5%) were the most common symptoms, and obstructive shock was present in five (21.7%) patients. The average reported oxygen (O 2 ) saturation was 85.8% ± 11.9 mm Hg. Hypertension (26.1%), diabetes (21.7%), and deep vein thrombosis (21.7%) were the most commonly reported comorbidities. Right heart strain was recognized in seven (30%) patients on electroencephalogram (S1QIIITIII) and 12 (52.2%) patients on echocardiogram. Anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and percutaneous intervention were tried in 21 (91.3%), 13 (56.5%), and 6 (26.1%) cases, respectively. Despite the aggressive management, 2 of 25 (8.7%) patients died in our smaller case report cohort. We conclude that despite aggressive management modalities, the mortality of SPE remains high in COVID-19.

Open Access June 22, 2023

Vitamin C and epigenetics: A short physiological overview

Voja Pavlovic, Milan Ciric, Milan Petkovic, Mladjan Golubovic

Article number: 20230688

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Abstract

In recent years, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) has acquired great interest due to its multiple functions, which results in homeostasis of normal tissues and organs. On the other hand, it has been shown that epigenetic modifications may have an important role in various diseases and therefore are a focus of the extraordinary investigation. Ascorbic acid serves as a cofactor for ten-eleven translocation dioxygenases, which are responsible for deoxyribonucleic acid methylation. Also, vitamin C is required for histone demethylation, since it acts as a cofactor of Jumonji C-domain-containing histone demethylases. It seems that vitamin C may be a mediator between the environment and the genome. The precise and multistep mechanism of ascorbic acid in epigenetic control is still not definitely determined. This article intends to provide the basic and newly discovered functions of vitamin C that are related to epigenetic control. Also, this article will help us to better understand the functions of ascorbic acid and will provide the possible implications of this vitamin in the regulation of epigenetic modifications.

Open Access July 12, 2023

Ebselen: A promising therapy protecting cardiomyocytes from excess iron in iron-overloaded thalassemia patients

Mobin Ghazaiean, Aily Aliasgharian, Hossein Karami, Hadi Darvishi-Khezri

Article number: 20230733

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Abstract

Iron-overload-associated cardiomyopathy has been one of the primary causes of mortality in thalassemia patients with iron burden. There is growing evidence citing the beneficial effects of ebselen as an antioxidant selectively blocking the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT-1) to deter iron ingress into cardiomyocytes, raising internets in viewing this component in this population in order to treat and even prevent cardiomyopathy occurring from iron surplus. In this article, we reviewed the potential advantageous effects of ebselen in thalassemia patients who suffer from iron excess, susceptible to cardiomyopathy induced by iron overload. A systematic search in several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, was conducted to explore the role of ebselen in controlling iron-overload-related cardiomyopathy in thalassemia patients by the keywords of Ebselen AND iron. The inclusion criteria were English-written preclinical and clinical studies investigating the efficacy and side effects of ebselen in an iron-overload context. After searching the databases, 44 articles were found. Next, of 19 published articles, 3 were included in this article. After reviewing the references of the included studies, no articles were added. In conclusion ebselen can be a promising adjuvant therapy in patients with thalassemia alongside the standard treatment with iron chelators, particularly in severe cases with cardiomyopathy, due to falling iron inflow by inhibiting DMT-1 and increasing ferroportin-1 expression and antioxidant properties. However, clinical studies need to be carried out to reach a definite conclusion.

Open Access August 26, 2023

Aspirin versus LMWH for VTE prophylaxis after orthopedic surgery

Qingqing Wei, Jing Sun, Yusuo Bai, Chang Meng, Guobin Miao, Peng Liu, Haijun Wang

Article number: 20230760

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Abstract

Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is often used to prevent perioperative venous thrombosis after surgery, but aspirin is also recommended by academics. Studies were searched in electronic databases until February 24, 2023. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of aspirin and LMWH for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in patients after orthopedic surgery. The outcomes were death from any causes, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), etc. This study was registered with INPLASY, number 202320117. Six randomized controlled trials enrolled 13,851 patients with postoperative joint surgery. The risk of DVT was comparable between the two groups when aspirin was combined with mechanical devices (RR 0.61 [95% CI 0.27–1.39], I ² = 62%, P = 0.24). No significant differences in all cause death, PE, wound infection, and wound complication were found between the aspirin and LMWH groups. In this meta-analysis, the mortality rate was comparable between the aspirin and LMWH groups. However, aspirin alone had a higher risk of DVT than LMWH. Based on the results of this meta-analysis, we suggest aspirin combined with mechanical devices for VTE prophylaxis in patients after orthopedic surgery.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) causes increasing infections in healthy individuals from the community. In severe cases, it can cause multiple organ infection with invasive metastasis of blood sources, seriously threatening the patients’ life. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of the pathogen becomes the key to timely antibiotic treatment to improve the prognosis. This article reports a case of liver abscess complicated with multiple organ invasive infection caused by hematogenous-disseminated hvKp. K. pneumoniae was identified by culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) using blood and liver abscess drainage fluid. The isolates from the two samples were subsequently identified with high homology (99.999%) by whole genome sequencing. In addition, multiple virulence genes were detected in the two isolates and the string test was positive, indicating hvKp with hypermucoviscosity phenotype. Mul

Open Medicine

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing miR-210 inhibits neuronal inflammation and contribute to neurite outgrowth through modulating microglia polarization

Abstract

Current situation of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a county hospital chest pain center during an epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia

Abstract

circ-IARS depletion inhibits the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer by circ-IARS/miR-1252-5p/HDGF ceRNA pathway

Abstract

circRNA ITGA7 restrains growth and enhances radiosensitivity by up-regulating SMAD4 in colorectal carcinoma

Abstract

WDR79 promotes aerobic glycolysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by the suppression of SIRT4

Abstract

Up-regulation of collagen type V alpha 2 (COL5A2) promotes malignant phenotypes in gastric cancer cell via inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)

Abstract

Inhibition of TERC inhibits neural apoptosis and inflammation in spinal cord injury through Akt activation and p-38 inhibition via the miR-34a-5p/XBP-1 axis

Abstract

3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone/n-TiO2 composite enhances the cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by downregulating miR-154-5p

Abstract

Propofol-mediated circ_0000735 downregulation restrains tumor growth by decreasing integrin-β1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract

PVT1/miR-16/CCND1 axis regulates gastric cancer progression

Abstract

Silencing of circ_002136 sensitizes gastric cancer to paclitaxel by targeting the miR-16-5p/HMGA1 axis

Abstract

Short-term outcomes after simultaneous gastrectomy plus cholecystectomy in gastric cancer: A pooling up analysis

Abstract

SCARA5 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma via inactivating the STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways

Abstract

Molecular mechanism by which the Notch signaling pathway regulates autophagy in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis in pigeon breeder’s lung

Abstract

lncRNA TPT1-AS1 promotes cell migration and invasion in esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas by regulating the miR-26a/HMGA1 axis

Abstract

SIRT1/APE1 promotes the viability of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting p53 to suppress ferroptosis

Abstract

Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor to regulate neural stem cell survival and differentiation

Abstract

Treatments for brain metastases from EGFR/ALK-negative/unselected NSCLC: A network meta-analysis

Abstract

Association of osteoporosis and skeletal muscle loss with serum type I collagen carboxyl-terminal peptide β glypeptide: A cross-sectional study in elder Chinese population

Abstract

circ_0000376 knockdown suppresses non-small cell lung cancer cell tumor properties by the miR-545-3p/PDPK1 pathway

Abstract

Delivery in a vertical birth chair supported by freedom of movement during labor: A randomized control trial

Abstract

UBE2J1 knockdown promotes cell apoptosis in endometrial cancer via regulating PI3K/AKT and MDM2/p53 signaling

Abstract

Metabolic resuscitation therapy in critically ill patients with sepsis and septic shock: A pilot prospective randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Lycopene ameliorates locomotor activity and urinary frequency induced by pelvic venous congestion in rats

Abstract

UHRF1-induced connexin26 methylation is involved in hearing damage triggered by intermittent hypoxia in neonatal rats

Abstract

LINC00511 promotes melanoma progression by targeting miR-610/NUCB2

Abstract

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of serum metabolomic characteristics in people with different vitamin D levels

Abstract

Role of Jumonji domain-containing protein D3 and its inhibitor GSK-J4 in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Abstract

circ_0014736 induces GPR4 to regulate the biological behaviors of human placental trophoblast cells through miR-942-5p in preeclampsia

Abstract

Monitoring of sirolimus in the whole blood samples from pediatric patients with lymphatic anomalies

Abstract

Effects of osteogenic growth peptide C-terminal pentapeptide and its analogue on bone remodeling in an osteoporosis rat model

Abstract

A novel autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs signature predicting progression-free interval and I-131 therapy benefits in papillary thyroid carcinoma

Abstract

WGCNA-based identification of potential targets and pathways in response to treatment in locally advanced breast cancer patients

Abstract

Radiomics model using preoperative computed tomography angiography images to differentiate new from old emboli of acute lower limb arterial embolism

Abstract

Dysregulated lncRNAs are involved in the progress of myocardial infarction by constructing regulatory networks

Abstract

Single-arm trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of baclofen in treatment of intractable hiccup caused by malignant tumor chemotherapy

Abstract

Genetic polymorphisms of MRPS30-DT and NINJ2 may influence lung cancer risk

Abstract

Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with KRAS-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective analysis

Abstract

Pyroptosis-based risk score predicts prognosis and drug sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Upregulation of lncRNA LANCL1-AS1 inhibits the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer via the miR-3680-3p/GMFG axis

3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone/n-TiO₂ composite enhances the cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by downregulating miR-154-5p