Open Access Published since October 20, 2021

Medical Review

ISSN: 2749-9642

About this journal

Objective

CN: CN 10-1793/R
On-line ISSN: 2749-9642
Print ISSN: 2097-0733 (applies for copies in China)

Medical Review is a peer reviewed open access journal affiliate to Peking University Health Science Center. MR publishes high-quality internationally competitive review articles on cutting-edge progress and achievement from various areas of medical science, specifically focuses on clinical medicine, basic medicine, preventive medicine, medical ethics and multidisciplinary and emerging topics. MR is also committed to promote fundamental benefits among medical research communities, decision-makers and the public by conscientiously reviewing strategical and macro-level policies on medical-related issues and public health.

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State-of-the-art research in physiology and pharmacology
Integrative approach to descriptive and behavioral studies
Leading-edge techniques
High quality peer-review

Topics

Clinical medicine
Basic medicine
Preventive medicine
Medical ethics

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Research Article
Review
Editorial
Research Highlight
Perspective
News and Comments
Scientists Forum
Letter

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Volume 2 Issue 5

October 2022

Publicly Available December 3, 2022

Frontmatter

Page range: i-iii

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Editorial

Open Access November 21, 2022

Exploring the mysteries of reproductive health

Jie Qiao

Page range: 447-449

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Reviews

Open Access November 11, 2022

Developmental origins of adult diseases

Jiaying Mo, Xuanqi Liu, Yutong Huang, Renke He, Yu Zhang, Hefeng Huang

Page range: 450-470

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Abstract

The occurrence and mechanisms of developmental adult diseases have gradually attracted attention in recent years. Exposure of gametes and embryos to adverse environments, especially during plastic development, can alter the expression of certain tissue-specific genes, leading to increased susceptibility to certain diseases in adulthood, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neuropsychiatric, and reproductive system diseases, etc. The occurrence of chronic disease in adulthood is partly due to genetic factors, and the remaining risk is partly due to environmental-dependent epigenetic information alteration, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Changes in this epigenetic information potentially damage our health, which has also been supported by numerous epidemiological and animal studies in recent years. Environmental factors functionally affect embryo development through epimutation, transmitting diseases to offspring and even later generations. This review mainly elaborated on the concept of developmental origins of adult diseases, and revealed the epigenetic mechanisms underlying these events, discussed the theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.

Open Access November 11, 2022

Site-specific genome editing in treatment of inherited diseases: possibility, progress, and perspectives

Chao Huang, Qing Li, Jinsong Li

Page range: 471-500

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Abstract

Advancements in genome editing enable permanent changes of DNA sequences in a site-specific manner, providing promising approaches for treating human genetic disorders caused by gene mutations. Recently, genome editing has been applied and achieved significant progress in treating inherited genetic disorders that remain incurable by conventional therapy. Here, we present a review of various programmable genome editing systems with their principles, advantages, and limitations. We introduce their recent applications for treating inherited diseases in the clinic, including sickle cell disease (SCD), β-thalassemia, Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH), etc. We also discuss the paradigm of ex vivo and in vivo editing and highlight the promise of somatic editing and the challenge of germline editing. Finally, we propose future directions in delivery, cutting, and repairing to improve the scope of clinical applications.

Open Access November 21, 2022

An update on placental drug transport and its relevance to fetal drug exposure

Qingcheng Mao, Xin Chen

Page range: 501-511

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Abstract

Pregnant women are often complicated with diseases that require treatment with medication. Most drugs administered to pregnant women are off-label without the necessary dose, efficacy, and safety information. Knowledge concerning drug transfer across the placental barrier is essential for understanding fetal drug exposure and hence drug safety and efficacy to the fetus. Transporters expressed in the placenta, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporters and solute carrier uptake transporters, play important roles in determining drug transfer across the placental barrier, leading to fetal exposure to the drugs. In this review, we provide an update on placental drug transport, including in vitro cell/tissue, ex vivo human placenta perfusion, and in vivo animal studies that can be used to determine the expression and function of drug transporters in the placenta as well as placental drug transfer and fetal drug exposure. We also describe how the knowledge of placental drug transfer through passive diffusion or active transport can be combined with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation to predict systemic fetal drug exposure. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps in studying placental drug transport and predicting fetal drug exposure and discuss future research directions to fill these gaps.

Open Access October 31, 2022

Organoid research on human early development and beyond

Lu Wen, Fuchou Tang

Page range: 512-523

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Abstract

The organoid field has been developing rapidly during the last decade. Organoids for human pre-, peri- and post-implantation development have opened an avenue to study these biological processes in vitro , which have been hampered by lack of accessible research models for long term. The technologies of four fields, single cell omics sequencing, genome editing and lineage tracing, microfluidics and tissue engineering, have fueled the rapid development of the organoid field. In this review, we will discuss the organoid research on human early development as well as future directions of the organoid field combining with other powerful technologies.

Open Access September 13, 2022

Fibroblast growth factor 21 and dietary interventions: what we know and what we need to know next

Tianru Jin

Page range: 524-530

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Abstract

Dietary interventions include the change of dietary styles, such as fasting and dietary or nutrient restrictions; or the addition of plant-derived compounds (such as polyphenols known as curcumin, resveratrol, or anthocyanin, or other nutraceuticals) into the diet. During the past a few decades, large number of studies have demonstrated therapeutic activities of these dietary interventions on metabolic and other diseases in human subjects or various animal models. Mechanisms underlying those versatile therapeutic activities, however, remain largely unclear. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a liver-derived hormone or hepatokine, mediates metabolic beneficial effects of certain dietary polyphenols as well as protein restriction. Here I have briefly summarized functions of FGF21, highlighted related dietary interventions, and presented literature discussions on role of FGF21 in mediating function of dietary polyphenol intervention and protein restriction. This is followed by presenting my perspective view, with the involvement of gut microbiota. It is anticipated that further breakthroughs in this field in the near future will facilitate conceptual merge of classical medicine and modern medicine.

Open Access September 14, 2022

Hypothalamic GABAergic neurocircuitry in the regulation of energy homeostasis and sleep/wake control

Hong Jiang

Page range: 531-540

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Abstract

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neuron, as one of important cell types in synaptic transmission, has been widely involved in central nervous system (CNS) regulation of organismal physiologies including cognition, emotion, arousal and reward. However, upon their distribution in various brain regions, effects of GABAergic neurons in the brain are very diverse. In current report, we will present an overview of the role of GABAergic mediated inhibitory neurocircuitry in the hypothalamus, underlying mechanism of feeding and sleep homeostasis as well as the characteristics of latest transcriptome profile in order to call attention to the GABAergic system as potentially a promising pharmaceutical intervention or a deep brain stimulation target in eating and sleep disorders.

Ahead of Print / Just Accepted

Ahead of Print / Just Accepted

Volume 2 (2022)

Volume 1 (2021)

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Editorial

HONORARY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Qide Han, Peking University, Beijing, China

COUNSELORS
Jisheng Han, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
Nanshan Zhong, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Yinglu Guo, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
Youyou Tu, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Qimin Zhan, Peking University, Beijing, China

ASSOCIATE EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
Cunyu Wang, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Erdan Dong, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
Hongbing Shen, National Administration for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
Jie Qiao, Peking University, Beijing, China
Jun Wang, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
Lin Lu, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
Ning Zhang, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
Xiaosong Gu, Nantong University, Nantong, China
Xin Lu, Oxford University, England, UK

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Albert C. Ludolph, University of Ulm, Wuertenberg, Germany
Baoguo Jiang, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
Baoji Xu, University of Florida, Jupiter, USA
Bing Ye, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
Bo Huang, China Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Cheng Zhou, Peking University, Beijing, China
Chun-Ming Wong, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Chunli Song, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
Dong Xu, University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri, USA
Fuchou Tang, Peking University, Beijing, China
Hang Li, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
Hattori Nobutaka, Juntendo University, Japan
Igor Tsigelny,University of California, San Diego, La Lolla, USA
Jiafu Ji, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
Jiande Chen, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Michigan, USA
Joseph Kolars, University of Michigan, Michigan, United States
Jubao Duan, The University of Chicago and NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, USA
Jun Guo, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
Kan Gong, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
Li Yang, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
Liangyi Chen, Peking University, Beijing, China
Liming Li, Peking University, Beijing, China
Lizheng Shi, Tulane University, Los Angeles, USA
Lunquan Sun, Central South University, Changsha, China
Min Ye, Peking University, Beijing, China
Ming Xu, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
Musheng Zeng, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Nigel Hooper, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Ogawa Hideoki, Juntendo University, Japan
Pengfei Tu, Peking University, Beijing, China
Qingyue Meng, Peking University, Beijing, China
Qunying Lei, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Rurong Ji, Duke University, USA
Siyan Zhan, Peking University, Beijing, China
Wei Kong, Peking University, Beijing, China
Weihua Yue, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
Xiaojun Huang, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
Xin Gao, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Xuliang Deng, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
Yajing Wang, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
Yali Cong, Peking University, Beijing, China
Yongsheng Zhou, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
You Wan, Peking University, Beijing, China
Yu Huang, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Zuofeng Zhang, University of California, Los Angeles, USA

MANAGING EDITORS
Yangang Ren, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

Journal Manager
Wolfgang Böttner
E-Mail: wolfgang.boettner@deGruyter.com

(Deutsch)

Type: Journal
Language: English
Publisher: De Gruyter
First published: October 20, 2021
Publication Frequency: 6 Issues per Year