Published since January 1, 1959

Materials Testing

MATERIALPRÜFUNG MATERIALS – COMPONENTS – TECHNOLOGY – APPLICATION

ISSN: 2195-8572

Editor-in-chief: Thomas Böllinghaus

Impact Factor: 2.528

About this journal

Materials Testing is a SCI-listed English language journal dealing with all aspects of material and component testing with a special focus on transfer between laboratory research into industrial application. The journal provides first-hand information on non-destructive, destructive, optical, physical and chemical test procedures. It contains exclusive articles which are peer-reviewed applying respectively high international quality criterions.
All articles are subject to thorough, independent peer review.

Editing Associations: DGZfP, DVM and VDI Materials Engineering.

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Volume 64 Issue 9

September 2022

Publicly Available September 7, 2022

Frontmatter

Page range: i-iii

Download PDF

September 6, 2022

Effect of local heat treatment on residual stresses in an in-service repair welded pipeline

Hongbo Zhang, Yongxin Lu, Fengping Yang, Qiang Bai, Yinglai Liu, Xiaoyong Zhang, Hongfeng Feng

Page range: 1255-1262

Abstract

The multi-pass fillet welds of casing pipe were welded onto the in-service pipeline, which is widely used in pipeline repairs. However, the residual stress of repairing welded joints is larger, and it is easy to cause cracks in the heat-affected zone. In this paper, the local heat treatment was used to adjust the residual stress of the repaired welded joint of the in-service pipeline. The results show that the local heat treatment is very useful for reducing the residual stress of the repair welding joint of the in-service pipeline.

September 6, 2022

Tension-compression asymmetry of quadruple CuCoNiBe alloys processed by high-temperature multi-pass equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)

Cagatay Elibol

Page range: 1263-1269

Abstract

Among copper alloys, the precipitation (age) hardening quadruple CuCoNiBe alloys due to their superior mechanical properties in terms of the highest strength and elasticity achieved by peak aging have been used over the years in a wide range of industrial applications including aircrafts, coil systems, blast-proof materials, and molding dies. Combined thermomechanical treatment (i.e., equal channel angular pressing [ECAP] processing followed by post-ECAP aging) can result in a further enhancement of the strength of CuCoNiBe alloys due to the grain refinement and the formation of fine precipitates from α-Cu supersaturated solid solution. In this study, for the first time, the effect of severe plastic deformation by ECAP processing on the mechanical behavior of CuCoNiBe alloys is discussed thoroughly based on the material responses to tensile and compressive loading conditions. The results show that, besides a considerable strength enhancement, ECAP processing leads to a strong tension-compression asymmetry and significantly accelerated precipitation kinetics in CuCoNiBe alloys.

September 6, 2022

Structural properties of sputter-deposited nanocrystalline Ni thin films

Murat Danışman

Page range: 1270-1277

Abstract

For this study, Ni thin films were deposited on a glass substrate by using 200, 300, and 400 W direct-current magnetron sputtering method for observing the effect of sputtering power on the structural properties of thin films. Grain size, crystallinity, orientation, and texture of the deposited thin films were observed and evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. According to XRD analysis, all thin films presented crystalline atomic structure. Furthermore, the effect of texture on the structural properties were observed using strain analysis and grain sizes that were calculated by Scherrer’s method and Williamson-Hall analysis. The analysis revealed that the grain size of sputter-deposited thin films increased linearly with respect to the increasing sputtering power. Additionally, the elastic modulus and indentation hardness of the samples were measured by nanoindentation method, and the results were evaluated in terms of grain size and texture. The highest grain size, 7.30 nm, was observed on a 400 W sputter-deposited sample, which also had the highest elastic modulus and indentation hardness values as 98 and 3.6 GPa, respectively.

September 6, 2022

Effect of the notch location on the Charpy-V toughness results for robotic flux-cored arc welded multipass joints

Uğur Gürol, Ozan Çoban, İbrahim Can Coşar, Mustafa Koçak

Page range: 1278-1289

Abstract

In this study, the effect of the notch locations on the Charpy-V toughness values of the all-welded joint obtained using robotic flux-cored arc welding was investigated with respect to microstructures at the notch locations. Charpy impact tests were performed through the thickness with notch location at the centerline as well as off-set regions of the weld metal in addition to the microhardness measurements conducted. The detailed weld metal characterization was conducted using a stereo microscope, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope at the same location where the Charpy tests and microhardness tests were performed. The sub-zero impact toughness test results indicated that the columnar weld metal regions exhibited low toughness values while the centerline microstructure consisting of mainly reheated regions displayed much higher toughness values even at the test temperature of −60 °C, satisfying the toughness requirement of the requested 47 J value. It is concluded that a small variation of the through-thickness notch position may result in different toughness values for the same weld metal. On this basis, the notching procedure of the Charpy-V samples for the multi-pass weld metal should be conducted with care and obtained results should be explained with respective notch position and microstructure.

September 6, 2022

Effect of micro and nano-sized ZrSiO₄ particles on the friction and wear properties of polymer matrix composites

Banu Sugözü, Behcet Dağhan, Ahmet Akdemir, İlker Sugözü

Page range: 1290-1297

Abstract

In this study, the size effect of zircon (ZrSiO 4 ) on the tribological characteristics of polymer matrix friction composites were investigated. Hence, four friction composites containing micro and nano-sized zircon particles (5 and 10 wt%) were developed and produced using powder metallurgy method. Their wear and friction characteristics were examined using a friction-wear test device. The weight loss and specific wear rate were measured and compared with that obtained for microsized zircon particles. The surfaces of samples were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, and less wear was observed in the samples containing nano-sized zircon particles. The results revealed that the size of abrasive particles plays a key role in enhancing the friction coefficient and friction stability.

September 6, 2022

Evaluation of the plastic deformation behavior of modified 100Cr6 steels with increased fractions of retained austenite using cyclic indentation tests

Pascal Ostermayer, Klaus Burkart, Bastian Blinn, Holger Surm, Brigitte Clausen, Tilmann Beck

Page range: 1298-1312

Abstract

In highly loaded components, such as roller bearings, early failures may occur due to microstructural defects. Thus, a higher defect tolerance of the material can improve the fatigue lifetime. To produce steels with high defect tolerance, innovative alloying concepts, and a sound knowledge of the influence of heat treatment parameters on the resultant mechanical properties is indispensable. Consequently, two bearing steels based on 100Cr6 with different silicon contents were investigated to achieve relatively high retained austenite (RA) fractions, which are assumed to increase the defect tolerance at cyclic loading. To understand the relation between bainitic heat treatment and mechanical characteristics, the resultant RA fractions, Vickers hardness, microhardness, and cyclic hardening exponent CHT e II , which correlates to defect tolerance of metallic materials, were determined for differently heat-treated conditions. Based on the statistical design of experiments and measurements obtained with X-ray diffraction and cyclic indentation testing, regression calculations were conducted. Pertaining to the results of the regression analyses, the heat treatment parameterizations of these steels were specifically determined for certain desired property combinations within the boundaries investigated. Therefore, the temperatures used in the austenitizing and bainitizing procedures have shown the highest influence on the mechanical characteristics and the RA fraction of both steels.

September 6, 2022

Thermomechanical evaluation of a glass-epoxy composite for astronomical optical devices

Celso Eduardo Cruz González, Mauricio Torres Arellano, Saúl Ledesma Ledesma, Perla Itzel Alcántara Llanas

Page range: 1313-1324

Abstract

Astronomical devices, such as optical benches, carry high precision instrumentation work at low temperatures (−150 °C). To fulfill engineering requirements, glass-epoxy composite trusses are proposed. To evaluate the performance of this solution, thermomechanical characterization is carried out by means of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), flammability tests, and tensile test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations. Two family of coupons are tested; first one environmentally aged for 10 years and second one recently fabricated, both at 20, 0 and −20 °C. Ageing influence is more noticeable on thermal behavior as Tg and self-extinguish capacity are lower. Ultimate tensile strength and maximum strain are lower for the aged coupons (16–25%), but there is not a remarkable difference in terms of stiffness. Also, coupons mechanically tested at −20 °C show a slight increment in strength. These results show that ageing of glass-epoxy composites must be considered when high performance devices are conceived to be fabricated with.

September 6, 2022

Artificial gorilla troops algorithm for the optimization of a fine plate heat exchanger

Dildar Gürses, Pranav Mehta, Vivek Patel, Sadiq M. Sait, Ali Riza Yildiz

Page range: 1325-1331

Abstract

Adaptability of the metaheuristic (MH) algorithms in multidisciplinary platforms confirms its significance and effectiveness for the solution of the constraints problems. In this article, one of the imperative thermal system components-plate fin heat exchangers is economically optimized using the novel artificial gorilla troops optimization algorithms (AGTOAs). The cost optimization challenge of the PFHE includes the initial and running cost that needs to be minimized by optimizing several design variables subjecting to critical boundary conditions. To confirm the performance of the AGTOA, the statistical results obtained were compared with nine benchmark MHs algorithms. It was found that AGTO is a robust optimization algorithm because it was able to fetch the best results for the function with 100% of the success rate compared to the rest of the algorithms. Moreover, considering the superior results obtained from the AGTO, it can be applied to numerous applications of the engineering design optimization.

September 6, 2022

Metallurgical properties of boride layers formed in pack boronized cementation steel

Tanju Teker, Murat Sarı

Page range: 1332-1339

Abstract

In the present study, cementation steel was exposed to boronizing process at 950 °C for 6, 8, and 10 h. Microstructural changes on the surface of the samples after boron operation were inspected by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron back-scatter diffraction, and elemental mapping analysis. In addition, surface roughness, microhardness, and boride layer thicknesses were measured. The boride layers deposited on the cementation steel consisted either single or double phases. The level of boride deposit of all samples was achieved from 90 to 156 μm. The boride layer created at 950 °C for 10 h involved the FeB and Fe 2 B. The boride layers had a much higher hardness value than the substrate material due to the presence of FeB and Fe 2 B.

September 6, 2022

Numerical study of composite plates jointed adhesively with interspaced and interspaced double-lap joint subject to tensile load

İsmail Yasin Sülü

Page range: 1340-1355

Abstract

Numerical study was carried out for layered composite plates joined with both interspaced and interspaced double-lap joint subject to tensile load. The numerical analyses were actualized using ANSYS 14.5 software package based on finite elements method. The layered composite plates with different orientation angles were considered. It was considered that the composite plates and patches were carbon/epoxy (AS4/3501-6) and the composite plates were joined using DP 410 adhesive. The studies started with the determination of the failure loads the stresses in these loads were obtained. Normal and shear stress in all directions were obtained via numerical analyses for composite layers and adhesive layers throughout radial thickness. Moreover, the von–Mises stress distributions that develop on the adhesive were obtained as well. The effects of adhesive and orientation angles were examined at the adhesive and composite layers interfaces. The effect of the surfaces is great in the gap-free bonding of the surfaces. But the strength of the adhesive is more important than the condition of the adhesion surfaces in interspaced bonding.

September 6, 2022

Thermal analysis and performance testing of heavy load truck composite brake linings

Emre Bayram, Ahmet Topuz

Page range: 1356-1364

Abstract

One of the most important variables that determine the braking performance of heavy-duty trucks is the high temperature increases in the brake components. In this study, the effects of high temperatures in brake lining compositions were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, dynamometer tests and SEM analysis were performed. Three different compositions, which are called standard, fly ash and sisal fiber mixture, were compared with existing commercial heavy-duty truck brake lining. The thermal behavior of samples analyzed in TGA machine compared to the weight losses with increasing temperatures until 900 °C. Dynamometer tests which simulated the real part production and vehicle tests were realized in brake lining supplier. Finally, with the SEM analysis, both normal and worn surfaces were analyzed and reasons for wear surfaces were investigated. The findings suggest that there is a high potential in fly ash mixture to apply in commercial trucks applications which occurs at very high temperatures and is very suitable for environment and cost reduction points.

September 6, 2022

Vibration characteristics of mineral composite beams by experimental modal test method

Hüseyin Dal, Ali Osman Kurt, Seda Yıldız

Page range: 1365-1371

Abstract

Some machines, such as heavy presses and rammers, can be exposed to big shock and inertial forces under dynamic severe working conditions. Even if vibration isolation to the foundations of machines operating under dynamic loads is applied, the exposure of these machines to shock and resonance loads may not be adequately prevented. The sensitivity of these machines, the product quality, or life span can also incredibly decrease. Therefore, it is essential to know the vibration behaviors of machine bodies and parts. This study investigates vibration characteristics of polymer matrix composite (PMC) materials by the experimental modal test method. Nine different composite beam samples having sizes of 20 × 25 × 480 mm were produced for modal tests. Composite beams contain different ratios of aggregate and epoxy resin. Each composite beam’s natural frequencies and damping ratios were defined with frequency response and coherence functions taken from the experimental modal tests. The results from the modal analysis revealed that the most influential parameter on the vibration properties was the gravel ratio. As a result of the experimental study, it was concluded that while epoxy-resin, gravel and fine-sand additives increased the stiffness of PMC beam, gravel and fine sand additives also increased the damping rate of PMC beam.

September 6, 2022

Overview of friction welding processes for different metallic materials

Anil Imak

Page range: 1372-1382

Abstract

With the rapid development in the technological, industrial, and defense industries, the joining of metallic materials used becomes very important. Various problems may arise in metallic materials joined by traditional fusion welding methods. The friction welding technique, which is one of the solid-state welding types that contains minimum welding defects and creates minimum internal stresses after welding, can be used in order to reduce the negativities in different steel joining. Thus, the negativities in fusion welding methods are reduced. The friction welding is a plastic deformation and extrusion process that uses heat to convert mechanical energy generated by friction between the interfaces of these two material pairs as a result of one material rotating at a stationary speed and the other rotating at a rotary speed into thermal energy. The heating phase (friction phase) is the time until the end of the welding process. During this time, the surfaces are under pressure. The formation of temperature in steel is between 900 and 1300 °C, and this temperature is reached in a very short time. Thus, parts are joined together by the pressing force. Materials that are very difficult to join with fusion welding can be joined more easily by friction welding.

Volume 64 (2022)

Volume 63 (2021)

Volume 62 (2020)

Volume 61 (2019)

Volume 60 (2018)

Volume 59 (2017)

Volume 58 (2016)

Volume 57 (2015)

Volume 56 (2014)

Volume 55 (2013)

Volume 54 (2012)

Volume 53 (2011)

Volume 52 (2010)

Volume 51 (2009)

Volume 50 (2008)

Volume 49 (2007)

Volume 48 (2006)

Volume 47 (2005)

Volume 46 (2004)

Volume 45 (2003)

Volume 44 (2002)

Volume 43 (2001)

Volume 42 (2000)

Volume 41 (1999)

Volume 40 (1998)

Volume 39 (1997)

Volume 38 (1996)

Volume 37 (1995)

Volume 36 (1994)

Volume 35 (1993)

Volume 34 (1992)

Volume 33 (1991)

Volume 32 (1990)

Volume 31 (1989)

Volume 30 (1988)

Volume 29 (1987)

Volume 28 (1986)

Volume 27 (1985)

Volume 26 (1984)

Volume 25 (1983)

Volume 24 (1982)

Volume 23 (1981)

Volume 22 (1980)

Volume 21 (1979)

Volume 20 (1978)

Volume 19 (1977)

Volume 18 (1976)

Volume 17 (1975)

Volume 16 (1974)

Volume 15 (1973)

Volume 14 (1972)

Volume 13 (1971)

Volume 12 (1970)

Volume 11 (1969)

Volume 10 (1968)

Volume 9 (1967)

Volume 8 (1966)

Volume 7 (1965)

Volume 6 (1964)

Volume 5 (1963)

Volume 4 (1962)

Volume 3 (1961)

Volume 2 (1960)

Volume 1 (1959)

5-year Impact Factor	1.682
Cite Score	3.1
Impact Factor	2.528
Journal Citation Indicator	0.70
SCImago Journal Rank	0.371
Source Normalized Impact per Paper	0.670

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Editorial

Editor-in-Chief
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Böllinghaus (MT@degruyter.com)
Helmut Schmidt University / University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg

Society contact
Dr. Matthias Purschke Executive Director, DGZfP
Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)

Dr. Martin Brune
Chairman of the Board, DVM
Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung (DVM)

Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jürgen Schäfer
Managing Director, VDI Materials Engineering
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI)

(Deutsch)

Online ISSN: 2195-8572
Type: Journal
Language: English
Publisher: De Gruyter
First published: January 1, 1959
Publication Frequency: 12 Issues per Year
Keywords: Materials, Materials Testing, Materials Processing, Material Properties, Life Cycle Engineering, Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Technology

Materials Testing

MATERIALPRÜFUNG MATERIALS – COMPONENTS – TECHNOLOGY – APPLICATION

Frontmatter

Effect of local heat treatment on residual stresses in an in-service repair welded pipeline

Abstract

Tension-compression asymmetry of quadruple CuCoNiBe alloys processed by high-temperature multi-pass equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)

Abstract

Structural properties of sputter-deposited nanocrystalline Ni thin films

Abstract

Effect of the notch location on the Charpy-V toughness results for robotic flux-cored arc welded multipass joints

Abstract

Effect of micro and nano-sized ZrSiO4 particles on the friction and wear properties of polymer matrix composites

Abstract

Evaluation of the plastic deformation behavior of modified 100Cr6 steels with increased fractions of retained austenite using cyclic indentation tests

Abstract

Thermomechanical evaluation of a glass-epoxy composite for astronomical optical devices

Abstract

Artificial gorilla troops algorithm for the optimization of a fine plate heat exchanger

Abstract

Metallurgical properties of boride layers formed in pack boronized cementation steel

Abstract

Numerical study of composite plates jointed adhesively with interspaced and interspaced double-lap joint subject to tensile load

Abstract

Thermal analysis and performance testing of heavy load truck composite brake linings

Abstract

Vibration characteristics of mineral composite beams by experimental modal test method

Abstract

Overview of friction welding processes for different metallic materials

Abstract

Effect of micro and nano-sized ZrSiO₄ particles on the friction and wear properties of polymer matrix composites