Please ensure that your manuscript adheres to the following guidelines. For specific requirements for different article types, please refer to the article categories guidelines above.
Language and Use of AI
All manuscripts must be written in clear and concise English. Please use British or American English consistently. De Gruyter provides a lightcopyedit of accepted manuscripts, but authors remain responsible for their own copyediting. If you have reasons to doubt your proficiency concerning spelling or grammar (e.g., because English is not your native language), you may wish to employ – at your own expense – the services of a professional language editor.
Artificial Intelligence and Language Editing: In line with COPE’s position on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in published research, Nanophotonics and De Gruyter do not allow any AI tool to be listed as an author of a paper. However, authors who use AI tools to help write their paper, such as for language editing, must disclose this transparently in the Acknowledgements or Materials and Methods section, whichever is most relevant. Authors should state clearly which AI tool was used and for which specific purpose.
For more information, please see COPE’s full AI statement.
Language Editing Guidance: We recommend using a language editing service. There are several key considerations to ensure optimal results when using artificial intelligence tools for language editing in research papers. First, select a reliable and well-trained language model specializing in grammar, syntax, and style, such as ChatGPT. Second, provide clear instructions to the AI model, specifying the desired objectives, such as grammar correction, sentence structure improvements, or academic tone adjustments. Third, be mindful of the model's limitations and verify the accuracy of the suggestions it provides. While AI can be a helpful tool, it is crucial to exercise critical thinking and review any suggested changes to maintain the coherence and integrity of your research.
References
References must be numbered consecutively in square brackets [] as they are cited. Multiple citations within a single set of brackets should be separated by commas [1, 2]. Where there are more than three sequential citations, they should be given as a range [1-4].
All references should be collected at the end of the paper. List all authors when there are six or fewer; when there are seven or more, list the first three, followed by “et al.” When citing internet addresses, it is important to include the access date as well as the URL.
Please use the following IEEE style for the reference list.
Basic format:
J. K. Author, Title of His Published Book, xth ed., City of Publisher, (only US State), Country: Publisher, year.
Example:
L. Novotny and B. Hecht, Principles of Nano-Optics, 2 ed., Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Basic format:
J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of Published Book, Book Editor, Ed., xth ed., City of Publisher, (only US State), Country: Publisher, year, pp. xxx-xxx.
Example:
R. K. Andrews, M. C. Berndt, and J. A. López, “The glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex,” in Platelets, A. Michelson, Ed., 2nd ed., San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press, 2006, pp. 145-163.
Basic format:
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, year, doi.
Example:
A. Schirato, M. Maiuri, G. Cerullo, and G. Della Valle, “Ultrafast hot electron dynamics in plasmonic nanostructures: experiments, modelling, design,” Nanophotonics, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-28, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0592.
Journal article in another language:
Basic format:
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” (in Language), Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, year.
Example:
E. P. Wigner, “On a modification of the Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory,” (in German), Math. Naturwiss. Anz. Ungar. Akad. Wiss., vol. 53, p. 475, 1935.
Epub ahead of print (DOI):
Basic format:
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, year, doi.
In press/forthcoming journal article:
Basic format:
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, to be published.
Example:
T. Ferreira de Lima, E. A. Doris, S. Bilodeau, et al., “Design automation of photonic resonator weights,” Nanophotonics, to be published.
Basic format:
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” unpublished.
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” year, doi.
Example:
T. Dubček, D. Moreno-Garcia, T. Haag, et al., “Binary classification of spoken words with passive elastic metastructures,” 2021, arXiv:2111.08503.
Basic format:
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” Abbreviated Name of Conf., (location optional), year, doi.
Basic format:
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” presented at the Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. State, Country, Month and day(s), year, paper number.
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” Abbreviated Name of Conf., City, State, Country, year, pp. xxx-xxx.
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” Abbreviated Name of Conf., Volume Title, in Series Title, ed., year, pp. xxx-xxx.
Example:
A. Pozio and S. Galli, “The role of hydrogen from electrolysis in the overproduction of energy from renewable sources,” 2022 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 1265, 2022.
Basic format:
J. K. Author, “Page title,” Website Title, Web Address (retrieved Date Accessed).
Basic format:
J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” Country Patent xxx, Month, day, year.
Example:
J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3 624 125, Jul. 16, 1990.
Basic format:
Title of Standard, standard number, month, year.
Example:
Frequency Response and Bias, NERC Reliability Standard BAL-003-0.1b, May, 2009.
M. Theses (B.S., M.S.) and Dissertations (Ph.D.):
Basic format:
J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Country, year.
J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Country, year.
Example:
N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.
Basic format:
J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Company, City of Company, Country, Rep. xxx, (optional: vol./issue), month, year.
Example:
E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA, Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov., 1988.
Basic format:
J. K. Author, “Title of report,” year. [Online]. Available: site/path/file
Example:
S. Urazhdin, N. O. Birge, W. P. Pratt Jr., and J. Bass, “Current-driven magnetic excitations in permalloybased multilayer nanopillars,” 2003. [Online]. Available: arXiv:cond-mat/0303149
Figures and Figure Captions
Graphs, line drawings, photographs, schemes and diagrams may be used to illustrate your findings. The publication quality always depends directly on the quality and size of the delivered data.
All illustrations must be of reproduction-ready quality. They will be reduced in size to fit, whenever possible, the width of a single column.
The lettering of all figures within the article should be uniform in style (preferably a sans serif typeface such as Helvetica) and of sufficient size (approximately 8pt). Uppercase letters A, B, C, etc. should be used to identify multi-part figures. Cite all figures in the text in alphabetical or numerical order.
For an initial submission, authors are strongly advised to upload their entire manuscript, including tables and figures, as a single PDF file. Source files should include DOC/DOCX or TEX (in a ZIP archive) files in which the approximate placement of each figure should be indicated. Preferably, figures should be submitted in separate files; do not embed figures within the text body of the manuscript.
Figures (greyscale and colour) should have a minimum resolution of 600DPI and be of good contrast. Authors are encouraged to submit illustrations in colour if necessary for their scientific content.
Line drawings must be of reproduction-ready quality. Please note that faint shading may be lost upon reproduction. When drawing bar graphs, use patterning instead of grey scales. Lettering of all figures should be uniform in style. A resolution of 1,200DPI is recommended.
Figure legends: Provide a short descriptive title and a legend to make each figure self-explanatory. Explain all symbols used in the figures. Remember to use the same abbreviations as in the text body.
Permissions for the reuse of figures: It is the responsibility of the author(s) to obtain permission to reproduce original or modified material that has been previously published and to ensure that images do not infringe on any copyrights, performing rights, trademark rights, personal rights or any other third-party rights or are otherwise unlawful. Copyright permissions can be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. If you want to use material published by De Gruyter, please check the instructions on our website: https://www.degruyter.com/page/rights-permissions. If you are requesting rights for figures published by other publishers, you need to check the publisher’s website for standard terms and conditions.
Author Statements
Manuscripts must follow certain ethical guidelines to be considered for publication. These can be found in De Gruyter’s Publication Ethics Statement. Before submitting your manuscript, please make sure you and your co-authors agree to the applicable requirements. Furthermore, our Code of Conduct for Publication Procedures and Ethics defines the responsibility of De Gruyter as a publisher and the Editors we work with to ensure the legitimacy and quality of our published research. Our principles are based on the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Please ensure the following statements relating to publication ethics are included in your submission. These should appear at the end of your article, before your references. During the submission of an article, authors will also be asked to provide author statements in a separate document. Please refer to the author statements template.
Please refer to the following guidance when preparing your statements.
Acknowledgements (if applicable): Authors may wish to acknowledge individuals, working groups or institutions that provided help and support (other than financial assistance) during research and the preparation of the manuscript (e.g., language checking, writing assistance or proofreading of the article). Do not include acknowledged individuals on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
Research Funding Statement (mandatory): If your study benefitted from funding through an unrestricted grant or other resources provided to a university, college, other research institution or an individual author, state the name of the institute or organisation that provided the funding along with the grant number, if applicable. If no funding has been provided for the research, please use the default statement: ‘None declared.’
Author Contribution Statement (mandatory):Authors must declare their responsibility for the entire content of the manuscript and may indicate the individual contributions of each author, if applicable. Please include the following declaration in your author contribution statement: ‘All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.’ For single-authored articles, please include the statement: ‘Single author contribution.’
Conflict of Interest Statement (mandatory):A conflict of interest for a particular manuscript exists when a participant in the peer review and publication process – author, reviewer or editor – has ties to activities that could inappropriately influence his or her judgement, regardless of whether the judgement is actually affected. Financial relationships with industry (e.g., employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, patent applications, expert testimony, grants and other funding), either directly or through immediate family, are usually considered the most important conflicts of interest. However, conflicts can occur for other reasons, such as financial support of the study, ties to health insurance, politics or other stakeholders, personal relationships, academic competition and intellectual passion. To ensure fair and objective decision-making, authors must declare any financial, personal or professional associations that pose a conflict of interest in connection with the manuscript under evaluation. This must be declared during the submission process and also at the end of the manuscript. If you do not have a statement to make, please insert the default statement: ‘Authors state no conflict of interest.’
Informed Consent Statement (if applicable): Protection of privacy is a legal right that must not be infringed upon without individual informed consent. In cases where the identification of personal information is necessary for scientific reasons, authors should obtain full documentation of informed consent, including written permission from the patient or their legal guardians before inclusion in the study. The following (or similar) statement should appear in your informed consent statement: ‘Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.’
Ethical Approval Statement (if applicable):
Authorisation for the use of human subjects: Manuscripts that contain information on the use of humans should clearly state that the research complies with all relevant national regulations and institutional policies and has been approved by the author’s Institutional Review Board or any equivalent Committee.The Editors reserve the right to seek additional information or guidance from reviewers on any cases in which concerns arise. All investigations with human subjects must have been conducted by following the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Moreover, authors must identify the Committee or Institutional Review Board approving the experiments and provide a statement indicating approval of the research. The following (or similar) statement should be included in your Ethical Approval statement: ‘The research related to human use complies with all relevant national regulations and institutional policies and in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration, and has been approved by the authors’ Institutional Review Board or equivalent Committee.’ Detailed information should be provided (IRB name, IRB approval date and ID).
Authorisation for the use of experimental animals and wildlife in natural settings:Manuscripts that contain information on the use of animals should clearly state that the research has complied with all relevant national regulations and institutional policies and has been approved by the authors’ Institutional Review Board or any equivalent Committee.The Editors reserve the right to seek additional information or guidance from reviewers on any cases in which concerns arise. The research using animal subjects should be conducted according to the principles of laboratory animal care (e.g., NIH). For manuscripts reporting experiments on live vertebrates or higher invertebrates, authors must identify the Committee approving the experiments and must confirm that all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant regulations.The following (or similar) statement should appear in your Ethics Approval Statement: ‘The research related to animal use has complied with all the relevant national regulations and institutional policies for the care and use of animals.’Detailed information should be provided (IRB name, IRB approval date and ID). For research involving wildlife in natural settings, authors must have obtained Institutional Animal Care approval and state that they have complied with the relevant national, international and institutional guidelines regarding the ethical treatment of the taxa of study and cite them.
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