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Volume 1 Issue 1

March 2003

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Open Access March 1, 2003

Lectures on the functional renormalization group method

Janos Polonyi

Page range: 1-71

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Abstract

These introductory notes are about functional renormalization group equations and some of their applications. It is emphasised that the applicability of this method extends well beyond critical systems, it actually provides us a general purpose algorithm to solve strongly coupled quantum field theories. The renormalization group equation of F. Wegner and A. Houghton is shown to resum the loop-expansion. Another version, due to J. Polchinski, is obtained by the method of collective coordinates and can be used for the resummation of the perturbation series. The genuinely non-perturbative evolution equation is obtained by a manner reminiscent of the Schwinger-Dyson equations. Two variants of this scheme are presented where the scale which determines the order of the successive elimination of the modes is extracted from external and internal spaces. The renormalization of composite operators is discussed briefly as an alternative way to arrive at the renormalization group equation. The scaling laws and fixed points are considered from local and global points of view. Instability induced renormalization and new scaling laws are shown to occur in the symmetry broken phase of the scaler theory. The flattening of the effective potential of a compact variable is demonstrated in case of the sine-Gordon model. Finally, a manifestly gauge invariant evolution equation is given for QED.

Open Access March 1, 2003

Transverse electron focusing as a way of studying phonon kinetics. Turbulence of phonon flow

Valerii Tsoi

Page range: 72-90

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Abstract

Novel techniques have been created for studying phonon kinetics. A supersonic conduction electron flux is used to produce a phonon flux. Transverse electron focusing (TEF) is applied for checking the electron gas affected by phonons. A turbulent regime of phonon flow-phonon flux step broadening-reveals itself as step broadening of non-equilibrium electron flux.

Open Access March 1, 2003

Influence of the sample orientation in Sn2P2S6 crystals on the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients

Stanislav Panoŝ, Dagmar Panoŝová

Page range: 91-99

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Abstract

The influence of the sample orientation on the effective value of the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients dh(i) of Sn2P2S6 crystals has been studied. The hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients dh(1) and d′h(3), were measured, dh(1)=(244±3) pC/N and d′h(3)=(92±1) pC/N. The hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient d h(3) for orthogonal axis system was calculated to be dh(3)=(87±2) pC/N. The, optimal orientation of the sample has been found as (Xy l)−20°-cut. Maximal value of the effective hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient d h(1) equals 260 pC/N. Double rotated samples were also studied. The orientation of the samples insensitive to the pressure has been found. The theoretical mean value of hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient (d h)mean corresponding to randomly oriented Sn2P2S6 grains in a poled composite has been calculated to be (d h)mean=136 pC/N.

Open Access March 1, 2003

Theoretical studies of model thin EuTe films with surface elastic stresses

Anna Radomska, Tadeusz Balcerzak

Page range: 100-117

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Abstract

A simple model for the description of thin EuTe films is proposed. The magnetoelastic interactions at the surface are taken into account. The influence of the elastic stresses on magnetic properties of the film is studied, especially with respect to the possibility of antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic phase transitions.

Open Access March 1, 2003

Model calculations in reconstructions of measured fields

Mihály Makai, Yuri Orechwa

Page range: 118-131

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Abstract

The state of technological systems, such as reactions in a confined volume, are usually monitored with sensors within as well as outside the volume. To achieve the level of precision required by regulators, these data often need to be supplemented with the solution to a mathematical model of the process. The present work addresses an observed, and until now unexplained, convergence problem in the iterative solution in the application of the finite element method to boundary value problems. We use point group theory to clarify the cause of the non-convergence, and give rule problems. We use the appropriate and consistent orders of approximation on the boundary and within the volume so as to avoid non-convergence.

Open Access March 1, 2003

Homotopy of the classical configuration space for the two-magnon sector of a magnetic Heisenberg ring

Barbara Lulek, Dorota Jakubczyk

Page range: 132-144

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Abstract

A finite Heisenberg magnetic ring with an arbitrary single-node spin and two spin deviations from the ferromagnetic saturation is considered as the system of two Bethe pseudoparticles. The set of all relevant magnetic configurations spans a surface which can be recognised as a Mőbius strip. The dynamics of the system imposes the double twist of all regular orbits of the translation symmetry group.

Open Access March 1, 2003

Energy and momentum losses in the process of neutrino scattering on plasma electrons in the presence of a magnetic field

Nickolay Mikheev, Elena Narynskaya

Page range: 145-152

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Abstract

The neutrino-electron scattering in a dense degenerate magnetized plasma under the conditions μ 2 > 2eB ≫ μE is investigated. The volume density of the neutrino energy and momentum losses due to this process are calculated. The results we have obtained demonstrate that plasma in the presence of an external magnetic field is more transparent for neutrino than for non-magnetized plasma. It is shown that neutrino scattering under conditions considered does not lead to the neutrino force acting on plasma.

Open Access March 1, 2003

The scattering of light on sound waves in the hypersonic range of frequencies the directional sensitivity of Brillouin light scattering

Tomasz Błachowicz

Page range: 153-178

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Abstract

Brillouin spectroscopy of acoustic phonons in transparent crystals and nontransparent metallic Co/Cu superlattices is reviewed. The method presents a directional sensitivity of the experiment. This feature is useful in elastic constants measurements in crystals and analysis of in-plane anisotropies of hyper-sound and spin waves in superlattices. Results for the LiTaO3, LiNbO3, LiNbO3:Cu, SLGO, SLAO crystals are provided. Spin wave results for the Co/Cu superlattices are presented.

Open Access March 1, 2003

Computational determination of radiation damage effects on DNA structure

Miroslav Pinak

Page range: 179-190

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Abstract

Molecular dynamics (MD) studies of several radiation originated lesions on the DNA molecules are presented. The pyrimidine lesions (cytosinyl radical, thymine dimer, thymine glycol) and purine lesion (8-oxoguanine) were subjected to the MD simulations for several hundred picoseconds using MD simulation code AMBER 5.0 (4.0). The simulations were performed for fully dissolved solute molecules in water. Significant structural changes in the DNA double helical structure were observed in all cases which may be categorized as: a) the breaking of hydrogen bonds network between complementary bases and resulted opening of the double helix (cytosinyl, radical, 8-oxoguanine); b) the sharp bending of the DNA helix centered at the lesion site (thymine dimer, thymine glycol); and c) the flippingout of adenine on the strand complementary to the lesion (8-oxoguanine). These changes related to the overall collapsing of the double helical structure around the lesion, are expected to facilitate the docking of the repair enzyme into the DNA in the formation of DNA-enzyme complex. The stable DNA-enzyme complex is a necessary condition for the onset of the enzymatic repair process. In addition to structural changes, specific values of electrostatic interaction energy were determined at several lesion sites (thymine dimer, thymine glycol and 8-oxoguanine). This lesion-specific electrostatic energy is a factor that enables repair enzyme to discriminate lesion from the native site during the scanning of the DNA surface.

Open Access March 1, 2003

Multilayer optics for XUV spectral region: technology fabrication and applications

S. Andreev, A. Akhsakhalyan, M. Bibishkin, N. Chkhalo, S. Gaponov, S. Gusev, E. Kluenkov, K. Prokhorov, N. Salashchenko, F. Schafers, S. Zuev

Page range: 191-209

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Abstract

We present research investigations in the field of multilayer optics in X-ray and extreme ultra-violet ranges (XUV), aimed at the development of optical elements for applications in experiments in physics and in scientific instrumentation. We discuss normal incidence multilayer optics in the spectral region of “water window”, multilayer optics for collimation and focusing of hard X-ray, multilayer dispersing elements for X-ray spectroscopy of high-temperature plasma, multilayer dispersing elements for analysis of low Z-elements. Our research pays special attention to optimization of multilayer optics for projection EUV-lithography (ψ-13nm) and short period multilayer optics.

Open Access March 1, 2003

Welcome message from the editor-in-chief

János Lendvai

Page range: i-i

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About this journal

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Open Physics is a peer-reviewed, open access, electronic journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research results in all fields of physics. The journal provides the readers with free, instant, and permanent access to all content worldwide; and the authors with extensive promotion of published articles, long-time preservation, language-correction services, no space constraints and immediate publication.
Open Physics is listed inter alia by Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters) - Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences, JCR and SCIE. Our standard policy requires each paper to be reviewed by at least two Referees and the peer-review process is single-blind.

Special / Topical Issues:

Special Issue on Predicting Patern Alterations in Nature
Guest Editors:
Prof. Abdon Atangana, University of the Free State, South (Lead Guest Editor)
Prof. Dr. Emile Franc Goufo, University of South Africa
Prof. Dr Seda İğret Araz, Siirt University, Turkey

The journal publishes research and review articles, rapid and short communications, comments and replies that cover the following areas of physical sciences:

Acoustics
Astrophysics,
Atomic and Molecular Physics,
Biological and Medical Physics,
Complex Networks, Socio- and Econophysics,
Computational Physics,
Condensed Matter Physics,
Cosmology and Gravitation,
Fluid Mechanics,
Geophysics,
Nanophysics,
Optics and Lasers,
Particle and Nuclear Physics,
Plasma Physics,
Statistical and Nonlinear Physics,
Surface Physics,
Theoretical and Mathematical Physics.

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